Suchergebnisse

Velika nesigurnost i promjenljivost akvizicijskih temelja, mogu stvoriti poteškoće kod upravljanja operacijama u procesu preradbe. Postavljena su dva modela akvizicije s popustom na količinu i planom poreza na ugljik u svrhu analize učinka promjenljivosti kvalitete i nesigurnosti uvjeta i smanjenja tih problema. U prvom se modelu razmatrala promjenljivost kvalitete. Optimalna politika akvizicije određena je pojedinačnim izrazom zatvorenog oblika jer prosječna cijena prerađenog proizvoda ne ovisi o dobivenoj količini za dati segment diskonta. U drugom su modelu uzeti u obzir i promjenljivost kvalitete i nesigurnost uvjeta. Analizirana su svojstva modela i razvijen je algoritam za postizanje optimalnog načina akvizicije na temelju metode bisekcije. Konačno, dani su primjeri numeričke simulacije kako bi se istražio učinak diskonta na količinu na optimalni način akvizicije. Rezultati pokazuju da se politikom diskonta na količinu prerađivači potiču na dobivanje više osnova i povećavaju im se mogućnosti da izaberu najbolju osnovu. Štoviše, smanjuje se ukupno očekivani trošak, naročito kad se radi i o promjenljivosti kvalitete i o nesigurnosti uvjeta. Predloženi model može uspješno riješiti problem akvizicije u prerađivačkim sustavima. ; High uncertainty and variability of acquirable cores can lead to some difficulties of operations management in the remanufacturing process. Two acquisition models with quantity discount and carbon tax scheme were established to analyze the effect of quality variability and condition uncertainty and to reduce these difficulties. In the first model, quality variability was considered. The optimal acquisition policy was determined by a single closed-form expression because the average cost of remanufactured products is independent of the acquisition quantity for a given discount segment. In the second model, both quality variability and condition uncertainty were considered. The properties of the model were analyzed, and a single algorithm was developed to obtain the optimal acquisition policy based on the bisection method. Finally, numerical simulation examples were provided to explore the effect of quantity discount on the optimal acquisition policy. Results show that the quantity discount schedule impels remanufacturers to acquire more cores and enhances the chances of remanufacturers to select the best cores. Moreover, the total expected cost decreases, especially in the case with both quality variability and condition uncertainty. The proposed model can effectively solve the acquisition problem in remanufacturing systems.

Environmental supervision and government subsidy are important tools for government to promote green innovation. The influence of these two policy orientations on green innovation performance is spreading widely, but the specific indirect mechanism of policy orientation inducing green innovation needs further exploring. This paper introduces the knowledge-dynamic ability (knowledge production ability, knowledge acquisition ability, knowledge integration ability) into the analysis framework of enterprise green innovation, and studies the mediating effect of the knowledge-dynamic ability on policy orientation and green innovation. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2015, the empirical findings are as follows: Firstly, the knowledge-dynamic ability plays a remarkable mediating role in promoting between policy orientation and green innovation, which indicates that improving the knowledge-dynamic ability is a core mechanism of policy orientation to induce enterprise green innovation. Secondly, the knowledge-dynamic ability plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between environmental supervision and green innovation. Environmental supervision promotes green process innovation by enhancing knowledge acquisition ability and induces green product innovation by enhancing knowledge production ability. Thirdly, the knowledge-dynamic ability plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between government subsidy and green innovation. Government subsidy improves enterprise green process innovation by enhancing knowledge acquisition ability and knowledge integration ability, and induces enterprise green product innovation by enhancing knowledge production ability and knowledge integration ability. ; Nadzor okoliša i vladine subvencije važni su alati vlade za promicanje zelenih inovacija. Utjecaj tih dviju smjernica politike na rast zelene inovacije se širi, ali potrebno je dodatno istražiti specifične neizravne mehanizme usmjerenosti politike koje potiču zelene inovacije. U ovom radu uvodi se dinamička sposobnost znanja (sposobnost proizvodnje znanja, sposobnost stjecanja znanja, sposobnost integracije znanja) u okvir analize poduzeća zelenih inovacija i proučava posrednički učinak sposobnosti dinamike znanja na usmjerenost politike i zelene inovacije. Empirijski nalazi koji se temelje na panel podacima 30 kineskih provincija za razdoblje od 2000. do 2015. su slijedeći: Prvo, dinamička sposobnost znanja ima značajnu posredničku ulogu između promicanja usmjerenosti prema politici i zelenih inovacija, što ukazuje na to da je poboljšanje dinamičke sposobnosti znanja temeljni mehanizam usmjeravanja politike za poticanje zelenih inovacija u poduzeću. Drugo, dinamička sposobnost znanja igra potpunu posredničku ulogu u odnosu između nadzora okoliša i zelenih inovacija. Nadzor okoliša promiče inovacije zelenih procesa povećavajući sposobnost stjecanja znanja i potiče inovacije zelenih proizvoda poboljšanjem sposobnosti proizvodnje znanja. Treće, dinamička sposobnost znanja ima djelomično posredničku ulogu između državnih subvencija i zelenih inovacija. Državne subvencije poboljšavaju inovacije zelenog procesa u poduzeću povećavanjem sposobnosti stjecanja znanja i sposobnosti integracije znanja, te potiču inovacije zelenih proizvoda u poduzeću povećavanjem sposobnosti proizvodnje znanja i sposobnosti integracije znanja.

In the second part of the text the author looks into the paradox of the concept of justice as discerned by Jacques Derrida, & analyzes the tradition of the European constitutional law. Since the constitution & politics are discordant & semantically irritating mediums, the author argues that the European Union is an open semantic relationship of legal acquisitions & political processes. The European Union should be explained by means of contemporary, postmodernist theories derived from the linguistic & deconstructivist reversals of the modern substantial rationalism, universalism & cosmopolitism. Consequently, the constitution & the law are not underpinned by the political or any other specific power; on the contrary, it is the unspecific power of the constitution & the law that enables the gradual development & strengthening of the European law & the constitution without the extra constitutional authorities as the disguised power that traditionally legitimizes law. References. Adapted from the source document.

Of all the freedoms for which the Cold War was fought, free enterprise was deemed sufficient for acquisition of all other freedoms. The task of political science should now be to expose the loose & insecure moorings of economic ideology & to develop an approach more appropriate to the realities of our time. Our new millennium is a corporate millennium that has been interpreted in the hegemonic model to mean private & free (that is, unregulated) markets. However, any theory capable of incorporating the corporation has to be one of political economy. The first section of this article identifies six state-provided assumptions homo economicus has to be able to make prior to making or entering a market, without which homo economicus stays home. The second section puts the issue in a global context by identifying three developmental tracks -- macro, meso, & micro. Their existence denies the possibility of a pure economic theory of globalization. The third section describes the distinctive politics of each of the three tracks, demonstrating still more conclusively that political economy is the only approach competent to deal with the new corporate millennium. In conclusion, the author argues that political economy is & should be the new political science that this new era requires. 30 References. Adapted from the source document.

Tijekom ranoga novovjekovlja, a ponajprije u vrijeme mletačko-osmanskih ratova u 17. i 18. stoljeću, okosnicu mletačkih prekojadranskih kopnenih snaga činile su postrojbe pod nazivom Fanti oltramarini i Croati a cavallo (Cavalleria Croati), unovačene ponajprije s mletačkih posjeda od mletačkih stečevina u Istri do albanskoga i grčkoga uzmorja. Nastavljajući se na prethodna istraživanja problematike udjela Hrvata u mletačkim prekomorskim postrojbama u ranome novom vijeku, o čemu svjedoče i prethodno objavljeni radovi, u ovome se prilogu središnja tema istraživanja odnosi na udio Splićana u navedenim vojnim postrojbama tijekom 18. stoljeća. Rad je zasnovan na raščlambi gradiva pohranjena u Državnome arhivu u Veneciji (Archivio di Stato di Venezia) (fond: Inquisitori sopra l'amministrazione dei pubblici ruoli) u sklopu kojega su za navedeno razdoblje sačuvani cjeloviti popisi vojnoga ljudstva unutar pukovnija i satnija. Analiziraju se, temeljem sačuvanih podataka, njihovi osobni podatci, kao i fizičke značajke (dob, statura, boja kose). Raščlamba dokumenata pokazuje da su u brojčanome smislu Splićani činili jednu od najbrojnijih hrvatskih regionalnih formacija u mletačkome pješaštvu. Razvidno je, nadalje, kako su vojnim postrojbama u kojima su djelovali splitski pješaci zapovijedali istaknuti onovremeni vojni zapovjednici, zavičajem iz Dalmacije i Boke, a razvidno je i da su postrojbe (satnije, odnosno pukovnije) bile izrazito mobilne i raspoređivane diljem mletačkih kopnenih i prekomorskih stečevina. Na kraju rada zaključuje se kako problematika udjela Hrvata u mletačkim vojnim postrojbama, u ovome slučaju Splićana, zahvaljujući bogatstvu izvora ostavlja još dovoljno prostora za buduća znanstvena istraživanja. U prilogu se donosi zbiran popis dosada istraženih pješaka iz Splita u mletačkim prekomorskim pješačkim postrojbama. ; During the Early Modern Period, mainly in the time of the Veneto-Ottoman wars in the seventeenth and the eighteenth century, the backbone of Venetian Trans-Adriatic armed forces were units called Fanti oltramarini and Croati a cavallo, whose soldiers were recruited primarily from the Venetian acquisitions stretching from Istria to Albania and Greece. In this article, the central topic of research relates to the part the denizens of Split played in the aforementioned military units during the eighteenth century. The article is based on the analysis of sources kept in the Archivio di Stato di Venezia (archival series: Inquisitori sopra l'amministrazione dei pubblici ruoli), containing full lists of military complements of regiments and companies. Based on the extant data, personal data of the soldiers and their physical characteristics (age, stature, colour of hair) are analysed. Analysis of the documents shows that in quantitative sense the denizens of Split made one of the most numerous groups of Croatians within Venetian infantry and cavalry. The analysis also shows that the soldiers from Split served in the units mostly commanded by prominent military commanders, who were by their origin also coming from Dalmatia and Boka, and it is evident that those units (regiments and companies) were extremely mobile and collocated all around Venetian Italian and overseas acquisitions. In the end of the article, it is concluded that problematics of the part played by the Croats in Venetian military units, in this particular case of the denizens of Split, due to the rich sources at our disposal, still leaves enough space for future research and scholarly discussion. As an appendix to the article is given full list of hitherto discovered soldiers from Split in the infantry overseas units of the armed forces of Venetian Republic.

The future of an individual and society in the global world is reflected in the organization and quality of today's school, educational system and teacher education. Interculturalism is encouraged by education in school as a social community which accepts diversity as a value. The aim of intercultural education is the development of intercultural sensitivity and acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities needed for functioning in a multicultural society. Inclusion of intercultural education in the school curriculum implies the responsibility of all, mostly teachers because they are directly involved in the educational process. The intercultural competence of teachers refers to the interaction encouraging mutual learning with culturally diverse pupils. The paper analyzes valid legal documents and university programs of Croatian teacher studies from the point of interculturalism. The aim of the research is to inspect the relevant legal framework and determine intercultural contents in the Croatian primary teacher education study programs. The comparative analysis of study programs for primary school teachers (in Osijek, Zagreb, Split, Rijeka and Pula) shows that intercultural content is present but differs in number and type. The premise of successful intercultural education is a quality initial teacher education. ; Budućnost pojedinca i društva u globalnom svijetu ogleda se u ustroju i kvaliteti današnje škole, sustavu odgoja i obrazovanja te izobrazbe učitelja. Interkulturalizam se potiče odgojem i obrazovanjem u školi kao socijalnoj zajednici koja prihvaća različitost kao vrijednost. Cilj interkulturalnoga obrazovanja je razvoj interkulturalne osjetljivosti te stjecanje znanja, vještina i sposobnosti potrebnih za djelovanje u multikulturalnom društvu. Uključivanje interkulturalnoga obrazovanja u školski kurikul implicira odgovornost svih, najviše učitelja jer neposredno sudjeluju u odgojno-obrazovnom procesu. Interkulturalna kompetencija učitelja odnosi se na ostvarivanje interakcija koje potiču uzajamno učenje s kulturalno drukčijim učenicima. U radu se analiziraju pojedine važeći dokumenti zakonske legislative i sveučilišni programi hrvatskih učiteljskih studija s motrišta interkulturalizma. Cilj istraživanja je uvid u relevantni zakonski okvir i utvrđivanje interkulturalnih sadržaja u hrvatskim studijskim programima za školskoga učitelja. Komparativnom analizom studijskih programa za školskoga učitelja (u Osijeku, Zagrebu, Splitu, Rijeci, Zadru i Puli) evidentno je da interkulturalnih sadržaja ima, no oni se razlikuju po broju i vrsti. Pretpostavka uspješnoga interkulturalnog odgoja i obrazovanja jest kvalitetno inicijalno obrazovanje učitelja.

Rad prikazuje okolnosti u kojima se prikupljala stručna literatu­ra na Odjelu "Muzej ninskih starina" u Ninu. Proces prikupljanja kronološki je podijeljen u dvije faze. Prva faza obrađuje period od 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća do 1996., a zbog manjkavih arhivskih podataka velikim dijelom počiva na pretpostavkama. Drugu fazu, tj. period od 1997. do 2019., karakterizira evidentiranje knjižnične građe (stručne literature) po određenim pravilima i način njezina pristizanja u Nin. Nadalje, u radu je istaknut doprinos stručnog muzejskog osoblja, posebno kustosa, u prikupljanju stručne lite­rature potrebne za stručni te znanstveno-istraživački rad i njezino pohranjivanje. Prikazan je i postupak selekcije zatečene knjižnič­ne građe (monografije, periodika, separati i deplijani) u Ninu kao preduvjet tehničkoj i stručnoj obradi, u želji da postane i javno dostupna 2019. Sadržajna analiza provedena je na cjelokupnom knjižničnom fondu. S obzirom na potrebe stručnog osoblja Mu­zeja za stručnom literaturom, prikazana je zastupljenost arheolo­gije i drugih srodnih područja (povijest, povijest umjetnosti i sl.). Sadržajna struktura novoformirane knjižnične zbirke na Odjelu "Muzej ninskih starina" svojevrstan je dokaz o dobro provođenoj nabavnoj politici u nekoliko prethodnih desetljeća, za koju su za­služni kustosi, tj. djelatnici Odjela "Muzej ninskih starina" u Ninu. ; The paper presents circumstances in which professional litera­ture at the Department of the Musum of Nin Antiquities in Nin was collected. The process of collecting was chronologically divided into two phases. The first phase deals with the period from the 1960s to 1996. It is largely based on assumptions due to deficient archival informations. The second phase (from 1997 to 2019) is characterized by recording library materials (profes­sional literature) in accordance with certain rules and manner of its acquisition for the Nin museum. Further on the contribution of the museum staff, in particular the curators, was emphasized in the paper, in collecting and storing the professional literature necessary for professional and scientific-research work. The pro­cedure of selecting existing library materials (monographs, pe­riodicals, offprints, leaflets) was also presented as a prerequisite for technical and professional processing, with an aim of making it publicly available in 2019. Content analysis was performed on the entire library holdings. Considering the needs of the profes­sional staff of the museum for professional literature, number of works dealing with archaeology and other related fields (history, art history etc.) was determined. Content structure of the newly formed library collection at the Department of the Museum of Nin Antiquities is a kind of evidence of well conducted procure­ment policy in previous decades for which all credit goes to the curators, in other words staff of the Department of the Museum of Nin Antiquities in Nin.

In order for a preschool teacher to develop into a competent individual and continuously strengthen his/her professional identity, it is of great importance to work on all aspects of lifelong professional development. Since the academic year 2009/2010, preschool teachers have the opportunity to continue their education at university graduate studies in the Republic of Croatia in order to acquire and/or develop their competences, knowledge and skills necessary for the development of professionalism. It is the responsibility of not just the individual, but also the professional community to enable the development of preschool teacher profession in all those areas crucial to the advancement of early and preschool education system. In this sense, formal education enables acquisition of competences needed to create educational policy within the institutions. In order to determine whether preschool teachers consider themselves competent and in which areas, a self-assessment questionnaire of professional competences was developed. The aim of this research is to gain insight into the number of preschool teachers who consider themselves professionally competent for creating educational policy in the institution they work in. Furthermore, this research will examine whether there are differences in self-assessments of professional competences between preschool teachers - graduate students and preschool teachers who completed undergraduate studies, both employed in preschool institutions, and on what dimensions those estimates show correlation. ; Kako bi se odgojitelj razvijao u kompetentnog pojedinca te kontinuirano osnaživao svoj profesionalni identitet, od velike je važnosti rad na sebi putem svih oblika cjeloživotnog stručnog usavršavanja. Od akademske godine 2009./2010. u Republici Hrvatskoj odgojitelji imaju mogućnost nastaviti svoje obrazovanje na sveučilišnom diplomskom studiju kako bi stekli i/ili razvili svoje kompetencije, znanja i vještine koji su potrebni za razvoj profesionalizma. Odgovornost, ne samo pojedinca već i profesionalne zajednice, jest omogućiti razvoj odgojiteljske profesije u svim onim dijelovima ključnim za napredovanje ranog i predškolskog odgojno-obrazovnog sustava. Formalno obrazovanje, u tom smislu, omogućuje stjecanje kompetencija potrebnih za kreiranje obrazovne politike unutar vlastitih ustanova. Kako bi se procijenilo smatraju li se i u kojim se područjima odgojitelji kompetentnima, konstruiran je upitnik za samoprocjenu profesionalnih kompetencija. Cilj je ovog istraživanja dobiti uvid u to koliko se odgojitelji smatraju profesionalno kompetentnima za kreiranje obrazovne politike ustanove u kojoj rade. Nadalje, ispitat će se postoje li razlike u samoprocjenama profesionalnih kompetencija odgojitelja – polaznika diplomskih studija koji su u radnom odnosu u predškolskim ustanovama i odgojitelja sa završenim stručnim ili preddiplomskim studijem također u radnom odnosu, te na kojim dimenzijama postoji povezanost njihove procjene.

Plemićka vojna akademija u Bečkom Novom Mjestu otvorena je 1752. o državnom trošku, a cilj habsburških vlasti bio je da bude komplementarna viteškoj akademiji Terezijanumu (osnovan 1746. pod isusovačkom upravom). Naime, ondje su se školovali mladi plemići za rad u civilnoj službi, dok je Bečko Novo Mjesto bilo namijenjeno obrazovanju časnika. Marija Terezija osigurala je stipendije za četristotinjak kadeta iz siromašnijih plemićkih obitelji, kao i za sinove zaslužnih časnika koji su dokazali lojalnost u vojnoj službi. Prije Plemićke akademije dječaci mlađi od 14 godina pohađali su tzv. Pripremnu vojnu školu u Beču. Obje ustanove spojene su 1769. u c. i k. Terezijansku vojnu akademiju. Učiteljski kadar, koji je isprva bio samo svjetovni, tj. časnički, nastavljao je tradiciju humanističkih i baroknih viteških akademija te usvajanja "viteških vještina i vojnih vrlina" koje su bile usmjerene više na fizičku spremnost nego na stjecanje suvremenih znanja o ratovanju koja su bila potrebna za profesionalizaciju vojske. U radu se prikazuju reforme i promjene koje su se provodile na Akademiji za vrijeme Marije Terezije i Josipa II. u nastojanju da se osuvremeni časničko obrazovanje i da se uz pomoć prosvjetiteljskih načela razvije nadnacionalni "austrijski patriotizam" koji bi bio glavni temelj lojalnosti budućih časnika. Ta nastojanja kulminirala su za vrijeme uprave prosvijetljenog pedagoškog pisca, austrijskog generala i češkog grofa Franza Josepha Kinskog (1779.-1805.), čiji su odgajateljski koncepti i djelovanje opširnije predstavljeni. ; The Noble Military Academy at Wiener Neustadt was opened in 1752 at state expense, and the aim of the Habsburg authorities was to make it a counterpart of the Theresianum Knight Academy (founded in 1746 under the Jesuit administration). Young noblemen were trained there for work in civil service, while the academy at Wiener Neustadt was intended for officer education. Maria Theresa secured scholarships for ca. four hundred cadets from poorer noble families, as well as for sons of deserving senior officers. Boys under the age of 14 attended the so-called Preparatory Military School in Vienna before being admitted at the Wiener Neustadt Noble Military Academy. Both institutions were merged in 1769 into one Imperial and Royal Theresian Military Academy. Teachers, who were at first only secular, that is, coming from the officer class, continued the tradition of humanist and baroque knight academies and the adoption of "knightly skills and military virtues," aimed at the acquisition of physical readiness rather than the contemporary knowledge of warfare needed to professionalize the army. This paper presents the reforms and changes that took place at the Theresian Military Academy during the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II with the intention of modernizing officer education and developing the supra-national "Austrian patriotism" based on the Enlightenment principles as the main foundation of the future officers' loyalty. These efforts culminated during the command of the enlightened pedagogical writer, the Austrian general and Bohemian aristocrat, Franz Joseph Kinsky (1779-1755), whose educational concepts and actions are here extensively presented.

U radu autor prikazuje povijest časopisa Knjiga i čitaoci, koji je bio namijenjen knjižnicama u Hrvatskoj. Kako su glavni prilozi u časopisu bili popisi novih knjiga u knjižnicama te prikazi odabranih novih naslova, časopis je imao izuzetno veliku ulogu u politici nabave novih knjiga za knjižnice. U dvanaest godina postojanja časopis je u popisima novih knjiga naveo svega desetak knjiga koje su sadržavale temu kršćanske vjere, a neke od tih knjiga napisali su marksisti. Uredništvo časopisa postavilo je kao uzor svakome knjižničaru vođu Oktobarske revolucije Vladimir Iljiča Lenjina, koji je smatrao da knjižnica ne vrijedi onoliko koliko ima starih i rijetkih knjiga, nego koliko ima knjiga koje promiču ideje boljševičke revolucije. Stoga je časopis zagovarao "socijalističkog bibliotekara", knjižničara koji pomoću knjiga promiče ideje socijalističke revolucije. Izdavanje časopisa pokrenuo je 1967. Savez ustanova i organizacija za širenje knjige SRH pri Prosvjetnom saboru SRH, od 1968. suizdavač je Društvo bibliotekara Hrvatske, od 1970. jedini je izdavač DBH, koje je 1971. promijenilo ime u Hrvatsko bibliotekarsko društvo. U prve dvije godine izlaženja ključnu ulogu u uređivanju časopisa ima je Vinko Lalić, tajnik Saveza ustanova i organizacija za širenje knjige SRH, kasnije su glavnu ulogu preuzeli knjižničar Knjižnice Božidara Adžije Mijo Haramina i Dubravko Štiglić, knjižničar Gradske knjižnice u Zagrebu. U završnom dijelu članka autor navodi niz knjiga koje je u razdoblju od 1967. do 1979. objavilo Hrvatsko književno društvo sv. Ćirila i Metoda, a o izlasku kojih je propustio obavijestiti knjižnice časopis Knjiga i čitaoci. ; In this paper, the author presents the history of the Journal Knjiga i čitaoci (Book and Readers), intended for libraries in Croatia. As the main additions to the Journal were the lists of new books in libraries and description of selected new titles, the Journal had an extremely important role in the policy of the library's new acquisitions. In the twelve years of Journal's existence, in the lists of new books, the Journal has listed only a dozen books which addressed the topic of Christian faith, and some of these books were written by Marxists. The editorial board of the Journal considered the leader of October Revolution, Vladimir Ilich Lenin, a role model for every librarian, as he believed that the value of libraries was not the number of old and rare books they hold, but rather the number of books which promote the idea of Bolshevik Revolution. That is why the Journal advocated a "socialist librarian" – a librarian who promotes the ideas of the socialist revolution through books. Publication of the Journal started in 1967. "Savez ustanova i organizacija za širenje knjige SRH" (Institutes and Organizations for Book Popularization Association of SRH), with "Prosvjetni sabor SRH" (The Education Council of SRH), Association of Croatian Librarians has been the co-publisher since 1968, and the sole publisher since 1970 was DBH, which, in 1971, changed its name to the Croatian Library Association. In the first two years of publishing, Vinko Lalić – secretary of the Association of Institutes and Organizations for Book Popularization of SRH, held the key role in Journal editing, followed by librarians from the Zagreb City Libraries - Božidar Adžija, Mijo Haramina and Dubravko Štiglić. In the final part of the article, the author lists several books published by "Hrvatsko književno društvo sv. Ćirila i Metoda " (Croatian Literary Association of St. Cyril and Methodius) in the period from 1967 to 1979, about which the libraries were not informed.

Strukovno policijsko obrazovanje vrlo je složen sustav čiju kompleksnost uopćeno možemo sagledavati sa dva osnovna aspekta – sadržajno i organizacijski. Sadržajno, radi se o razvijanju kompetencija za obavljanje vrlo složenih poslova koji su od velikog značaja za društvo u cjelini (pitanje sigurnosti života i imovine, prevencije i sprječavanja počinjenja kaznenih djela, traženja i kažnjavanja počinitelja istih, zaštite žrtava raznih oblika kriminaliteta, sigurnosti sudionika u prometu, nadzora državne granice i dr.). Organizacijski, sustav policijskog obrazovanja se sastoji od nekoliko razina – temeljnog policijskog obrazovanja za stjecanje temeljnih kompetencija, visokoškolskog policijskog obrazovanja, koje ne spada u strukovno, ali se njime stječu važne rukovoditeljske i visokospecijalizirane kompetencije i cijelog niza različitih oblika strukovnog obrazovanja odraslih – specijalizacije, stručnog osposobljavanja i usavršavanja (potrebnih da bi se stekle kompetencije za vrlo veliki broj radnih mjesta s različitim obrazovnim potrebama). Tri su važna čimbenika koja određuju sveukupnost strukovnog policijskog obrazovanja – kurikulum, kao sveobuhvatnost obrazovnih procesa usmjerenih na razvoj policijskih službenika i stjecanje kompetencija potrebnih za obavljanje njihovih poslova, kvalifkacijski okvir koji, kao temeljni razvojni dokument u obrazovanju svake zemlje, određuje kvalifkacijske razine i kako do njih doći, te razine grupa ishoda učenja u pojedinim obrazovnim razinama i modulima, a sve u svrhu i kao element građenja karijere policijskog službenika, te cjeloživotno učenje kao temeljno načelo cjelokupnosti policijskog obrazovanja. Ovaj rad obrađuje strukovno policijsko obrazovanje s aspekta triju važnih čimbenika i njihovog međusobnog prožimanja. ; Police professional education is very complex system that can be, generally, perceived from two basic aspects – content and organization. From the aspect of content, it's about developing competences for very complex activities that are of great importance for society as a whole (question of security of people and their property, prevention and combating different kinds of criminal acts, investigating and fnding perpetrators, victim protection, trafc security, border management etc.). From the aspect of the organization, police professional education system consist of few levels – basic police education for basic competences, higher police education, that is not a part of professional education (according Croatian education system), but it acquired some important management and highly specialized competences, and a lot of different forms of adult education – specialization, vocational training and professional development (needed to acquire competences for a large number of job positions with different educational needs). Tere are three important factors that determine the totality of professional police education – curriculum, as a comprehensiveness or totality of the processes aimed at development of police ofcers and acquisition of competences needed to perform their work, qualifcation framework, that determine qualifcation levels and a way to achieve them, levels of learning outcomes in specifc educational levels and modules, and all of that as an element of police ofcers career building, and lifelong learning as basic principle of police education. Tis article deals with police professional education from the aspect of those three important factors and their mutual permeation. ; Die polizeiliche Berufsausbildung ist ein sehr komplexes System, das in der Regel aus zwei grundlegenden Aspekten – Inhalt und Organisation – wahrgenommen werden kann. Aus dem Aspekt des Inhalts geht es darum, Kompetenzen für sehr komplexe Aktivitäten zu entwickeln, die für die Gesellschaf als Ganzes von großer Bedeutung sind (Frage der Sicherheit der Menschen und ihres Eigentums, Prävention und Bekämpfung unterschiedlicher Arten von Strafaten, Erforschung und Suche nach Tätern, Opferschutz, Verkehrssicherheit, Grenzverwaltung usw.). Aus dem Aspekt der Organisation besteht das polizeiliche Berufsbildungssystem aus wenigen Niveaus – Grundpolizeibildung für Grundkompetenzen, höhere Polizeibildung, das nicht Teil der beruflichen Bildung ist (nach kroatischem Bildungssystem), sondern es hat ein wichtiges Management und sehr erworben Spezialisierte Kompetenzen und viele verschiedene Formen der Erwachsenenbildung – Spezialisierung, Berufsausbildung und berufliche Entwicklung (erforderlich, um Kompetenzen für eine Vielzahl von Arbeitsplätzen mit unterschiedlichen Bildungsbedürfnissen zu erwerben). Es gibt drei wichtige Faktoren, die die Gesamtheit der beruflichen Polizeibildung bestimmen – Curriculum, als Vollständigkeit oder Gesamtheit der Prozesse, die auf die Entwicklung von Polizeibeamten ausgerichtet sind, und den Erwerb von Kompetenzen, die für die Durchführung ihrer Arbeit erforderlich sind, Qualifkationsrahmen, die Qualifkationsniveaus und einen Weg bestimmen Um sie zu erreichen, Ebenen der Lernergebnisse in bestimmten Bildungsniveaus und Module, und das alles als ein Element der Polizeibeamten Karriere Gebäude und lebenslanges Lernen als Grundprinzip der polizeilichen Ausbildung. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der polizeilichen Berufsausbildung aus dem Aspekt dieser drei wichtigen Faktoren und ihrer gegenseitigen Permeation.

U članku se donosi pregled i osnovne značajke dosad u najvećoj mjeri neobjavljene korespondencije Miroslava i Bele Krleže koja se čuva u osobnim i obiteljskim arhivskim fondovima, te arhivskim zbirkama Hrvatskoga državnoga arhiva. Donose se podatci o njezinoj količini i vremenskom rasponu te sadržaju. Korespondencija sadržava Krležine prosudbe o raznim temama i pojedincima, rasvjetljuje njegove i Beline odnose s primateljima i pošiljateljima, kao i njihove preokupacije iz vremena njezina nastanka. Sadržaj, koji je opisan i visoko vrednovan, dodatno je upotpunjen činjenicama raspoloživima iz arhivskoga gradiva fondova i zbirki u kojima se korespondencija nalazi, te spoznajama iz objavljene publicističke i znanstvene literature o Miroslavu i Beli Krleži. Kontekstualizirana korespondencija iz fundusa HDA nadopunjuje dosad objavljenu Krležinu i Belinu korespondenciju, istovremeno ukazujući na važnost i potencijal osobnih i obiteljskih arhivskih fondova i zbirki kao izvora za najrazličitija istraživanja. ; The paper gives an overview and outlines the basic characteristics of the correspondence of the renowned Croatian writer Miroslav Krleža (1893-1981) and his wife, the theatrical actress Bela (1896-1981), which are kept in the personal and family papers and archival collections of the Croatian State Archives. This batch of their correspondence had not been researched and only several letters of M. Krleža had been published in the 1988 book of his letters. Besides basic information about the quantity and timeframe of the correspondence, the emphasis is put on their contents, the latter often including Krleža's views on various topics and individuals, while at the same time providing insight into his and Bela's relationships with its recipients, as well as preoccupations that were on their mind at the time. The contents of letters and postcards are described or, in cases of greater value, quoted and additionally supplemented by the facts available from the archival material of the fonds/collections in question, and information from published sources that deal with M. and B. Krleža. Often the information revealed in the letters that only have a date enable after closer scrutiny to establish the year when they were written. The correspondence of the Krleža spouses is currently kept in 9 personal and 2 family papers, as well as 1 collection, namely: HR-HDA-772. Tarnik Family Papers, HR-HDA-781. Vojnović Family Papers, HR-HDA-803. Jurišić Blaž, HR-HDA-1014. Cesarec August, HR-HDA-1043. Karaman Igor, HR-HDA-1057. Mandić Ante, HR-HDA-1059. Matasović Josip, HR-HDA-1769. Radica Bogdan, HR-HDA-1779. Stulli Bernard, HR-HDA-1791. Trnina Milka, HR-HDA-1801. Collection of Various Individuals, HR-HDA-2044. Begović Milan and HR-HDA-2076. Matković Marijan. The largest quantity is kept in the latter i.e. the total of 40 correspondence units. Marijan Matković was a prolific playwright, manager of the Croatian National Theatre during the period when B. Krleža was already an established actress in its drama section, and the editor-in-chief of the Forum literary journal which M. Krleža initiated and whose frequent collaborator he was. M. Krleža's letters to Matković cover various subjects, from attempts to secure Bela's leave from the theatre during his duties in Paris in 1950, his endeavours to use his social influence in order for certain works of other authors to be published, to Krleža's involvement with various details regarding the publishing of Forum and at one point his displeasure with the direction the journal was taking. On the other hand, Bela's letters to Matković, often more facetious and charming in tone, testify not only of the long-time friendship between the two families and her affection for the recipient, but also give hints of her privileged status in the Croatian National Theatre due to her husband's importance and reputation in the socialist Yugoslavia. Whereas in the letters sent to Aleksandar Keško, a cultural worker from Sarajevo, among other things Krleža answers his questions on various topics and at times writes passages common to his novels or essays, his correspondence with the prominent Croatian publicist and émigré Bogdan Radica shows how their personal relationship changed over the years due to insurmountable political differences. A topic pertaining to the Croatian dissident poet Zlatko Tomičić, raised in Radica's letter intended for Krleža, demonstrates that during his old age Krleža, in conversations published by his long-time associate Enes Čengić, was either prone to fabrications or absent-mindedness. Krleža's letters from 1931 to Blaž Jurišić, a linguist and a journal editor, show him at the very peak of his literary activity in what was to be his most productive decade. The letters written to Krleža by Ante Mandić, a politician and a solicitor, just like Krleža's letter to Juraj Tarnik, a chemist from Osijek, affirm Krleža as a person of influence in Tito's Yugoslavia, whose connections and status were perceived to enable rectifying certain problems, such as employment in the Lexicographical Institute he headed or the issue of subtenants. Of the two letters written by Bela Krleža to the esteemed Croatian writer Milan Begović in 1926, the cryptic identity of a person called 'The Countess' in the second letter can be identified with considerable certainty through cast names on theatrical posters of Begović's plays. The correspondence in the remaining fonds is of a lesser value and is therefore described to a lesser degree. It can be concluded that the correspondence of Miroslav and Bela Krleža in the mentioned fonds and collections of the Croatian State Archives supplements the so far uncomplete research of this particular field. New acquisitions of personal/family papers will undoubtedly augment the total quantity of their letters kept in the central Croatian archival institution and thusly enable further and more complete research.

RIJEČ UREDNIŠTVAPriprema se novi Zakon o šumama, prema kojemu, nadamo se, neće biti opetovanog smanjivanja postotka naknade za općekorisne funkcije šuma. U vrijeme kada nam priroda daje kataklizmičke odgovore za našu nebrigu o njoj, a najveći svjetski zagađivači ne pristaju na njenu zaštitu, šumarskoj struci se već po običaju "sječe grana" na kojoj, ne samo šumari, nego svi sjedimo. Sve više čuju se i glasovi koji sugeriraju izdvajanje priobalnog područja iz dosadašnjeg načina upravljanja, no bez jasne kompenzacijske financijske podloge. Ne opamećuje nas niti rekordan broj požara i potreba saniranja šteta upravo na tome području.S motrišta Hrvatskoga šumarskog društva koje objedinjuje hrvatsku šumarsku znanost, obrazovanje i praksu, ponajprije sa žaljenjem zaključujemo da resorni ministar do danas nije našao vremena za razgovor s njegovim predstavnicima. Bilo to nekome drago ili ne, moramo reći da je to, uz ostalo, i pokazatelj kakav status ima šumarstvo unutar resornog ministarstva. Željno smo očekivali pozitivne promjene nakon gotovo petogodišnjeg zastranjivanja u vođenju šumarske struke i zanemarivanja pojedinih načela potrajnog gospodarenja šumskim resursima, o čemu smo argumentirano pisali. Svakako, Vlada RH između ostalog, mora odlučiti očekuje li i dalje od šumarstva klasičnu "dobit" za državni proračun, ili gospodarenje šumama po načelu potrajnog gospodarenja, gdje se dobit ne mjeri novčanicama, nego optimalnim pomlađivanjem, maksimalnim prirastom, poželjnom bioraznolikošću, prirodnošću i stabilnošću, što naposljetku osigurava očuvanje, a istovremeno i sve benefite šumskog ekosustava. Nismo primijetili ni promjene glede netržišnog gospodarenja, dapače neki i dalje zahtijevaju osiguranje dobave drvnim sortimentima zajamčenim ugovorima, a ne tržišnim nadmetanjem.Da li se nešto radi na proklamiranom restrukturiranju i decentralizaciji Hrvatskih šuma d.o.o., nije nam poznato. Svakako, vidimo da nema vidljivog utjecaja na tu temu nikakav poziv na raspravu, kao primjerice tekst bivšeg ministra Tarnaja, objavljen u Šumarskome listu 3-4/2017. Svakako promjene i građenje novog ustroja, trebalo bi krenuti od poprilično zanemarenih revira i revirnika, neposrednih i najodgovornijih čimbenika gospodarenja šumama, a ne od vrha, koji neprestano buja. Sve to zahtijeva širu stručnu i društvenu raspravu na državnoj razini, ponajprije neovisnih znalaca/stručnjaka, a ne predstavnika raznih interesnih skupina i nedovoljno educiranih političara. Te rasprave nema, bez obzira na činjenicu da se radi o gotovo polovici kopnene površine Hrvatske i šumi koja je prema Ustavu resurs od posebnog interesa za Republiku Hrvatsku. Problemi svakodnevno niču od stručnih – saniranja šteta od ledoloma u Gorskome kotaru, sušenja jasena, šteta od hrastove stjenice, potkornjaka, pošumljavanja opožarenih površina, privatnih šuma, šteta uzrokovanih klimatskim promjenama, do zapošljavanja mladih, kadroviranja pa i političkog nepotizma. Sve probleme u stanju smo uspješno riješiti, jer imamo stručnog i infrastrukturnog potencijala kao malo koja struka, ali uz eliminiranje kadrova koji su struku doveli u današnju situaciju, a koji su se očito unaprijed ugovorima dobro zaštitili. No, nažalost šumarstvo je struka gdje se pogreške u gospodarenju vide tek nakon više godina, kada je "kasno plakati", pa se mnogima čini da je trenutno sa šumarstvom sve u redu. Uredništvo ; EDITORIALPreparations are under way to formulate the new Forest Law, which will, hopefully, eliminate the continual decrease in the fee for non-market forest functions. At the time at which Nature responds with cataclysmic consequences to our indifference towards it and major global polluters refuse to protect it, the branch on which not only foresters but all of us are sitting is again being cut off. There are increased requests to exclude the coastal region from the current management policy, but at the same time no clear compensational financial bases are provided. Not even the record number of fires and the need to recover the damage in these very areas have brought us to our senses.From the aspect of the Croatian Forestry Association, which unifies the Croatian forestry science, education and practice, we can only ascertain with regret that the relevant minister has not yet found time to discuss these hot issues with its representatives. Whether we like it nor not, it should be said that this is, among other things, one more indicator of the status of forestry within the relevant ministry. We had eagerly awaited positive changes after an almost five-year period of a misguided attitude to the forestry profession and the negligence towards the principles of sustainable management of forest resources, which we have already discussed in our Journal. Definitely, the Croatian government should decide, among other things, whether it expects classical "profit" for the state budget from forestry or whether it supports forest management according to the principles of sustainable management. In the latter, profit is not measured by banknotes but by optimal regeneration, maximal increment, desirable biodiversity, naturalness and stability, all of which ensures the preservation of the forest ecosystem and of its multiple benefits. We have not seen any changes in the attitude towards non-market economy, either; on the contrary, some continue to demand the acquisition of wood assortments through guaranteed contracts rather than through market competition.We do not know if anything is being done regarding the proclaimed restructuring and decentralisation of the company Croatian Forests Ltd. What we do see is that no invitation to a debate on the subject has had any effect, such as the text of the former minister Tarnaj, published in Forestry Journal 1-4/2017. In order to develop a new system it is necessary to start from the relatively neglected forest districts and district rangers, the most direct and responsible factors in forest management, rather than at the top management, which is constantly expanding in numbers. This requires a broader professional and social debate at the state level with the participation of independent experts/professionals and not representatives of different interest groups and insufficiently educated politicians. However, such a debate is missing, even though this issue concerns almost half of the land area of Croatia and the forest which the Constitution describes as a resource of particular interest for the Republic of Croatia. There are problems on a daily basis, including the recovery of the damage from ice break in Gorski Kotar, ash dieback, damage from the oak lace bug, bark beetles, reforestation of burnt areas, private forests, damage caused by climate change, employment of the young, personnel policy and political nepotism. We are capable of solving all these problems successfully because we have professional and infrastructural potential that very few professions can boast, but we should primarily eliminate the cadres who have reduced the profession to a current unenviable situation and who have protected themselves with contracts well in advance. Unfortunately, forestry is a profession in which mistakes in the management come to light only after several years, when it is too late to "cry over spilt milk". This is the reason that many erroneously believe that forestry is currently in a good shape. Editorial Board