La tesi ha come obiettivo la riflessione sul ruolo politico di agenda making dei think tank statunitensi attraverso le relative strategie comunicative e discorsive. L'orientamento ideologico-politico, spesso dichiaratamente a sostegno di un determinato partito, induce i think tank a operare in diverso modo: i think tank di destra, esemplificati da Heritage Foundation, più portati ad interagire direttamente con il potere legislativo del Congresso; i think tank di sinistra, esemplificati dalla Brookings Foundation, più inclini a influenzare l'opinione pubblica attraverso l'occupazione degli spazi di distribuzione e propagazione delle news. Risultano diversi, pertanto, strumenti e generi della comunicazione: diversificati e target-oriented quelli dei think tank di destra, più generali e 'di opinione' quelli di sinistra.
Procedimento di nomina dei giudici supremi americani. La sostituzione del giudice Scalia con il giudice Gorsuch tra diritto costituzionale e scontro politico.
Text of the "Alien Enemies (Winding up) Ordinance, 1914," enacted by the governor of the Straits Settlements with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council, and extracts from the "Straits Budget" of December 10, 1914 and the "Straits Times" of December 7, 1914; with Italian translations. p. 12-39. ; Author's name at head of title. ; Mode of access: Internet.
In this article, we describe the effects of strong nonpartisan legislative offices on the procedures and outcomes of the parliaments they serve. We consider four disciplinary approaches used to provide legislatures with information and analysis independent from the executive: the law, the budget, the management and the policy perspectives. We highlight how these competencies and their advice intervene in the pre-legislative scrutiny and in the post-legislative oversight. Our comparative analysis includes United States, United Kingdom, and Italy. The results confirm the substantial indifference to the policy analysis and program evaluation by the Italian parliament.
The Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD) lays down a new harmonized framework for the setting-up, advice on and marketing of insurance products, which updates the pre-existing rules in the effort to strengthen market integration and enhance consumer protection. The Article examines two aspects of the new regulatory framework: on the one hand, it highlights the new provisions aimed at smoothening the relationship among home and host authorities in the area of cross-border intermediation, underlining the enhancement of host authorities' powers; on the other hand, it addresses innovations in the legislative techniques aimed at strengthening consumer protection in the insurance sector, stressing the convergence of the former with recent developments in the banking sector.
This work deals with the birth and development of the first Europeans social institutions, the labor offices, starting from 1891 to the 1914. Placed in the broader conceptual debate on transnational history, this work particularly aims to analyze the reformers' global network, together with their inner and outer role in national administrations as "social experts". This work argues that the "Social Reform" movement was both a national and an international one, born in a time when internationalism was flourishing. Firstly, it deals with the political context in some national countries, particularly Italy, France and the U.S. Secondly, it presents the archival sources of the large reformers' network , stretched from Europe to U.S., to Japan and to South Africa, to name but a few. Finally, it focuses on the conceptual roots of the "Social Reform" movement, together with its ambiguities and contradictions. In this framework, the roots of Europe's social institutions are better defined as transnational ones. This work has been supervised by Professors Alessandro Polsi, Isabelle Lespinet-Moret (Paris X Nanterre) and Stefano Gallo. I would like to thank them for their patient guide, encouragement and advice. It would have certainly been impossible to carry out this research work were it not for the classes I took at the EHESS and at Paris X Nanterre, and for the year spent in Paris. For this, I must express my gratitude to Madame Isabelle Lespinet-Moret, for guiding me throughout all my year abroad, for her continued supervision and for caring so much about my work. I would also like to thank Stefano Gallo for his advice and support, which definetly helped me to complete this work.
This document constitutes the Policy Paper of the Precoll project-Policies for Regional Cooperation in Lifelong Learning, led by the Università degli Studi di Firenze-Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Educazione e dei Processi Culturali e Formativi/University of Florence-Department of Educational Sciences and Cultural and Training Processes (Agreement nr 2008-11294), in partnership with Generalitat de Catalunya, Junta de Andalucía, Regione Toscana, Welsh Assembly Government, Jämtland County Council, NIACE Dysgu Cymru-National Institute of Adult Continuing Education, Provincia di Livorno Sviluppo Srl, subcontractor Melius Srl (www.mutual-learning.eu). This document has been endorsed by the Earlall General Assembly held in Brussels on 16th February 2010. Moreover Cedefop has been supporting the quality of the work thanks to the regular advice and suggestions delivered by Steven Bainbridge
This document constitutes the Policy Paper of the Precoll project-Policies for Regional Cooperation in Lifelong Learning, led by the Università degli Studi di Firenze-Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Educazione e dei Processi Culturali e Formativi/University of Florence-Department of Educational Sciences and Cultural and Training Processes (Agreement nr 2008-11294), in partnership with Generalitat de Catalunya, Junta de Andalucía, Regione Toscana, Welsh Assembly Government, Jämtland County Council, NIACE Dysgu Cymru-National Institute of Adult Continuing Education, Provincia di Livorno Sviluppo Srl, subcontractor Melius Srl (www.mutual-learning.eu). This document has been endorsed by the Earlall General Assembly held in Brussels on 16th February 2010. Moreover Cedefop has been supporting the quality of the work thanks to the regular advice and suggestions delivered by Steven Bainbridge.
Community information is a service that was developed in public libraries in Anglosaxon countries from as early as the 1970s. Its aim was to assist the public in finding its way among the various information agencies providing information useful for solving the local problems of daily life. In fact, starting from the 1960s Great Britain witnessed a substantial increase in structures offering assistance regarding consumer protection, the search for a house to rent, legal matters, etc. (Consumer Advice Centres, Housing Advice Centres, Legal Advice Centres). This had made it difficult to understand where to turn for solving a particular problem. A need was thus created for a service that would assist users to turn towards the structure most suitable for satisfying their requirements. Libraries were identified as the best place for starting this new service due to their widespread distribution all over the country and the experience of librarians in collecting and organizing information. Community information services were launched from the end of the 1970s throughout the Anglosaxon countries. Their theoretical foundation derives from theIFLA/UNESCO Manifesto for public libraries and the IFLA/UNESCO development guidelines. These documents state that access to information is an essential condition for the participation of citizens in democratic life and that public libraries are the information centres that make every kind of knowledge and information readily available for their users. They further recommend the establishment of community information service. Two very important experiences of this service have now been accomplished by the Detroit Public Library and the Queens Borough Public Library. The organizational characteristics of a community information service vary significantly depending on the context in which it is set up. All paths that lead to cooperation with other structures that provide information and services to the citizens of the relevant territory should however be explored. The establishment of the service can also be assured by consortiums or non profit organizations and in this case it is even more important to adopt standard tables for the classifaction and filing of data. In this regard, the English project SEAMLESS is a good example of implementation of common work practices. Italy has not witnessed the diffusion of community information in public libraries, except for the cases, unfortunately of short duration, of Scandicci and Settimo Torinese which began setting them up at the beginning of the 1980s. Our country does however have a very important experience: that of the Informagiovani (Informing young people) centres. These were propagated in various Italian cities starting from the beginning of the 1980s following the example of the Centre d'Information et de Documentation Jeunesse (CIDJ) inaugurated in Paris in 1969. They were set up at the initiative of local bodies which carried out various enterprises for young people during the 1970s. It was soon realized that a lack of updated and reliable information meant that young people missed many opportunities important for their development. It was therefore decided to set up centres for presenting a reliable picture of the possibilities available regarding employment, education, volunteer work, etc. The Informagiovani centres were opened to this end. Basically they are born from the same information requirements that led to the creation of the community information services in the public libraries of the Anglosaxon countries, the only difference being that they are directed towards a particular age group of the population rather than its whole. ; L'informazione di comunità è un servizio che si è sviluppato nelle biblioteche pubbliche di area anglosassone a partire dall'inizio degli anni '70 con l'intento di aiutare i cittadini a orientarsi tra le varie agenzie informative che fornivano informazioni utili a risolvere i problemi della vita quotidiana presenti sul territorio. Infatti a partire dagli anni '60 in Gran Bretagna si erano moltiplicate strutture che offrivano assistenza in merito alla tutela dei consumatori, alla ricerca di case in affitto, alle questioni legali, ecc. (Consumer Advice Centres, Housing Advice Centres, Legal Advice Centres) ed era diventato complicato capire dove rivolgersi per risolvere un determinato problema. Nasceva così la necessità di creare un servizio in grado di indirizzare gli utenti verso la struttura più idonea a soddisfare le loro esigenze. Le biblioteche vennero individuate come il luogo adatto in cui far nascere questo nuovo servizio per la loro diffusione capillare sul territorio e per l'esperienza dei bibliotecari nella raccolta ed organizzazione di informazioni. I servizi di informazione di comunità si diffusero dalla fine degli anni '70 in poi in tutti i paesi anglosassoni e trovano il loro fondamento teorico nel Manifesto IFLA/UNESCO per le biblioteche pubbliche e nelle Linee guida IFLA/UNESCO per lo sviluppo. Questi documenti dichiarano che l'accesso all'informazione è una condizione essenziale per la partecipazione dei cittadini alla vita democratica e che biblioteche pubbliche sono il centro informativo che rende prontamente disponibile ogni genere di conoscenza e di informazione per i propri utenti e raccomandano l'istituzione del servizio di informazione di comunità.Due esperienze molto significative di tale servizio sono oggi realizzate dalla Detroit Public Library e dalla Queens Borough Public Library. Le caratteristiche organizzative del servizio di informazione di comunità variano molto in base al contesto in cui viene realizzato. Sono comunque da percorrere tutte le strade che portano ad una collaborazione con le altre realtà che forniscono informazioni e servizi ai cittadini sul territorio di riferimento. La realizzazione del servizio può anche essere assicurata da consorzi o da organizzazioni senza scopo di lucro ed è ancora più importante in questo caso l'adozione di schemi standard per la classificazione e l'archiviazione dei dati. A questo proposito il progetto inglese SEAMLESS è un buon esempio di implementazione di pratiche comuni di lavoro.In Italia non si è avuta una diffusione nelle biblioteche pubbliche del servizio di informazione di comunità, tolti i casi, purtroppo di breve durata, di Scandicci e di Settimo Torinese che ne avviarono la realizzazione all'inizio degli anni '80. Nel nostro paese è però presente un'esperienza molto significativa: quella dei centri Informagiovani. Essi si sono diffusi in varie città italiane a partire dai primi anni '80 sulla scia del Centre d'Information et de Documentation Jeunesse (CIDJ) inaugurato a Parigi nel 1969. Essi sono nati su iniziativa degli enti locali che nel corso degli anni '70 realizzarono diverse iniziative in favore dei giovani; presto ci si rese conto che la mancanza di informazioni aggiornate ed attendibili faceva sì che i giovani perdessero molte opportunità importanti per la loro crescita. Si decise così di realizzare dei centri in grado di dare un quadro affidabile delle possibilità esistenti riguardo il lavoro, l'istruzione, il volontariato, ecc. e per fare questo si aprirono gli Informagiovani. In conclusione essi nascono dalle stesse esigenze informative che hanno portato alla creazione dei servizi di informazione di comunità nelle biblioteche pubbliche di area anglosassone, l'unica differenza è che sono rivolti ad una determinata fascia anagrafica della popolazione invece che alla sua totalità.
This paper has the objective to give a general vision of the new conditions of the women's public and political action in the I century b.C. At those times the frequent civil wars took far apart many men from institutional life and allowed matronae to act in politics. When do women act in politics and which is the typology of their actions? Do women act in private background, that now has become even politics'context, or do they act in public background? Through which instruments, and overall through which languages, do matronae act their strategies? Which role do they act, between the need of conforming and the boost for development, the male models of political action and previous female experiences in public life? This paper evidences specific cases of matronal interferences in political life, which offers advices about who this phenomenon in this chronological context has became so common and popular.
[Patient safety in the hospital setting and the professional responsibilities of top managers] The authors underline the evolution of legislation concerning the creation of Hospital Companies and the reasons for the implementation of clinical risk management activities, then analyse the responsibilities involving the top figures of the top hospital management. In particular, the authors highlight the obligation and responsibilities of the strategic apex of a Hospital Company and show that, sometimes, the technical consultants – who express a medical-legal advice – underestimate the responsibility of these figures. It is a management responsibility that determines the obvious and inevitable consequences on those who work in contact with the patient and who bear the obligations and responsibilities. In some cases, the responsibility of the top figures is indisputable and obvious, but there is no awareness about the possibility of the top management involvement within the assessment evaluation.
[Patient safety in the hospital setting and the professional responsibilities of top managers] The authors underline the evolution of legislation concerning the creation of Hospital Companies and the reasons for the implementation of clinical risk management activities, then analyse the responsibilities involving the top figures of the top hospital management. In particular, the authors highlight the obligation and responsibilities of the strategic apex of a Hospital Company and show that, sometimes, the technical consultants – who express a medical-legal advice – underestimate the responsibility of these figures.It is a management responsibility that determines the obvious and inevitable consequences on those who work in contact with the patient and who bear the obligations and responsibilities.In some cases, the responsibility of the top figures is indisputable and obvious, but there is no awareness about the possibility of the top management involvement within the assessment evaluation.
[Patient safety in the hospital setting and the professional responsibilities of top managers] The authors underline the evolution of legislation concerning the creation of Hospital Companies and the reasons for the implementation of clinical risk management activities, then analyse the responsibilities involving the top figures of the top hospital management. In particular, the authors highlight the obligation and responsibilities of the strategic apex of a Hospital Company and show that, sometimes, the technical consultants – who express a medical-legal advice – underestimate the responsibility of these figures.It is a management responsibility that determines the obvious and inevitable consequences on those who work in contact with the patient and who bear the obligations and responsibilities.In some cases, the responsibility of the top figures is indisputable and obvious, but there is no awareness about the possibility of the top management involvement within the assessment evaluation.
Muovendo dalla definizione di malattia rara, ci soffermeremo sulla discordanza di significato del termine stesso, analizzandolo sul piano quantitativo e qualitativo per mostrare la differenza semantica fra il punto di vista esterno dello specialista ed il coinvolgimento in prima persona del paziente. Infine, esamineremo il Primo rapporto sulla condizione delle persone con Malattia Rara in Italia presentato alla Camera dei Deputati a luglio 2015, convinti che il dibattito contemporaneo su questo tema necessiti del contributo della bioetica con la sua cifra interdisciplinare e plurale. ; The definition of rare disease has different types of meaning with inside contrasts, which we explain in this essay. Firstly, we consider both sides of the medical-patience relationship and then we analyze how change the point of view from an external position to the awareness of ill people. In conclusion, we are going to discuss about the First report around the people affected to rare disease in Italy, which is presented at Parliament in July 2015, in fact we believe this topic require to bioethical advice with its interdisciplinary approach.
Il Dipartimento innovazioni tecnologiche e sicurezza degli impianti, prodotti ed insediamenti antropici dell'Inail, ai sensi dell'art. 252 del d.lgs. 152/2006, svolge da oltre 15 anni attività di consulenza tecnico/scientifica per il Ministero dell'Ambiente e per la Tutela del Territorio e del Mare, per i procedimenti di bonifica dei Siti di Interesse Nazionale, per gli aspetti relativi alla tutela dei lavoratori. Se analizzate nell'ottica della prevenzione e protezione dei lavoratori, le attività di bonifica dei siti contaminati presentano molte similitudini con le attività lavorative di tipo civile ed edile (movimentazione con mezzi pesanti, scavi, trivellazioni, ecc.). Tuttavia un'analisi approfondita dei cicli lavorativi evidenzia aspetti peculiari attualmente poco standardizzati in relazione a tutte le possibili tipologie di rischio. In particolare, tra i rischi professionali il più evidente è quello legato alla presenza di agenti chimici, quantitativamente e qualitativamente molto variabile nelle diverse matrici ambientali coinvolte e nelle diverse fasi di lavoro. L'articolo illustra le attività di ricerca e di consulenza tecnico-scientifica svolte dal dipartimento su tali tematiche, con particolare riguardo alla corretta individuazione dei criteri e delle modalità di valutazione e gestione dei rischi specifici sia per gli operatori di settore che per qualsiasi lavoratore la cui attività insista su di un sito contaminato. ; The Inail research Department for technological innovation and safety of industrial plants, products and human settlements provides technical-scientific advice to the Ministry for the environment, land and sea about workers prevention and protection during management and remediation of contaminated sites of national concern. The Institute has been carrying out this activity for more than 15 years, under the art. 252 of the Legislative Decree 152/2006. As long as occupational prevention and protection is concerned, remediation activities have many similarities with construction and earthworks activities (soil handling with heavy vehicles, excavations, drilling, etc.); however, a deep analysis of work phases highlights peculiarities that are not fully taken into account by standard procedures used to evaluate and manage occupational risk in construction activities. Among them, the most obvious is the presence of hazardous chemical agents and related risks. The paper describes the research and advice activities carried out on such themes. The focus is on identification of criteria and methods to estimate and manage specific risks correctly both for remediation workers and for any worker performing its activity on a contaminated site.
