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During the 2000s, Sweden has pursued an active foreign and security policy. This has meant participation in several international military operations and has left many Swedish soldiers and officers with combat experience. Thus, the Swedish parliament decided in 2010 on a political reform of the veterans area, with more extensive societal support, war decorations to express the government recognition of personal sacrifices made in the service and a new medal for courage in combat. Considered as a reward system, it functions as an immaterial and emotionally established incentive, in contrast to the financial and bonus reward systems that are otherwise common. From a governance perspective, this setting is fundamentally interesting. The complexity of military operations and the demands for efficiency in armed combat are in contrast with the democratic state's need to guarantee the rule of law, even from a distance and under difficult conditions. Traditional government is not sufficient because the situation is characterized by high contextual uncertainty and therefore requires more situational adaptive control. Organizing in a professional model implies autonomy for military officials, and this means that there is a form of gap in terms of civilian control. In the dissertation, a concept and an analytical model are formulated to understand this phenomenon, entitled soft norm governance, that also form one of the main results. The model combines four levels of analysis to describe the dynamics of the steering mix: organizational metagovernance, rule control, policy work and professional ethics. One conclusion is that professional ethics has a two-way function in the chain of implementation steering, both as a decisive factor for concrete decision-making, but also as an objective for the government's soft norm governance. Thus, this control gap does not mean absence of control, but that other value-based norm systems govern our actions. In this way, soft norm governance also reaches beyond the scope of the law. The theoretical framework is metagovernance, the idea that the modern state is steering at a distance and with subtle methods, such as by organizational measures. It opens for the importance of soft law, social norms and ethics in governmental steering. The case study of the veterans policy and medal of courage contributes empirically to the specification of these theories. Furthermore, new institutionalism adds an explanatory value with a rationality of action for the officials, a so-called logic of appropriateness based on the professional role and on adaptation to the situation at hand and to applicable rules. Theoretically, the thesis contributes by supplementing with a logic of values, which takes into account the profession's ethical and moral rationality of action, which is particularly important in situations such as armed conflict. The methodological approach combines a structural statistical perspective with a qualitative and understanding-oriented perspective and can, with the support of the analytical model, illuminate both pattern and function. The material base is a total selection from the medal preparation of eight contingents in Afghanistan during the years 2008-2012, i.e. FS16-FS23. It consists of the archive material from the nominations as well as in-depth interviews with responsible commanders at the international units and at the national headquarters, including the Commander-in-Chief.

I några år under 1960-talet injicerade jag Preludin, Maxiton forte, medicinskt morfin och hemkörda preparat som ibland kallades morfinbas, ibland morfinkristaller. Under en vecka i London injicerade jag heroin. Jag rökte och injicerade råopium, åt en meskalinkaktus och svalde sockerbitar och läskpappersbitar indränkta i LSD. I nio års tid rökte jag gräs som påstods komma från Marocko, ljusgrönt hasch som sades ha sitt ursprung i Libanon och svart hasch från Afghanistan. Jag sökte ständigt bland hyllorna i gatans apotek. Vilken sjukdom som skulle botas och vilken smärta som skulle lindras visste jag inte.0Bäst tyckte jag om de olika cannabispreparaten. Hög som ett hus sov jag bra och innan jag somnade hade jag skrattat mycket. Skrattandet var viktigt för mig, ty den som skrattar mycket kan tro sig vara glad.0Jag var arton år och olycklig när jag började stoppa i mig de olika preparaten. Om den svenska narkotikapolitikens fader, Nils Bejerot, fått veta vad jag höll på med skulle han ha ropat ?knarkare? och kallat på polis.0Den svenska narkotikapolitiken är en katastrof. Människor som borde erbjudas hjälp med känslomässiga sår och sociala svårigheter jagas av polis. Hundratals dör av tung narkotika, år efter år. Att jag själv överlevde ter sig gåtfullt.0Sorgligt nog har min berättelse idag större aktualitet än under den tid då jag ständigt ville fly från mig själv och det liv jag inte förmådde få grepp om.?00Medicinmannen är ett självbiografiskt debattinlägg mot den svenska narkotikapolitiken och dess följder av den välkände författaren Mats Wahl. Utlämnande och uppskakande