Suchergebnisse

The present article reflects on the claiming "movements" for the social development of Sub-Saharan Africa seen from the discourses of the leaders: an internal colonialism? in the context of social progress, checking the discourses of the leaders in the period between (1957 - 2021) in a historical-social and political perspective, a work that was developed within the framework of a module of the PhD programmer. In relation to the objectives, we sought to question whether or not it is colonial continuities that condition the advance and retreat of the African continent south of the Sahara in matters of social development. The choice of theme is justified because there are many contradictions between the speeches made by African leaders during the period of the struggle for independence where they guaranteed the well-being of the population, which reached its peak in the 1960s, and the implementation of commitments made and which are embodied in the charter of the Organization of African Unity, now the African Union. Methodologically, the study was based on descriptive research with a qualitative approach. We also used specialized bibliography on the subject. We also made use of direct observation through news broadcast on various national and international television and radio stations. Finally, we also made use of the information available on the websites of institutions we consider to be reliable, which periodically publish reports on the social situation of the countries in this region. Regarding the results, we note that the speeches proclaimed by the leaders of this geographical space are adverse to social, economic and political emancipation, conditioned in part by the former colonies that still exert certain influences. We also note that there is a lack of feasible public policies from the African governments themselves to satisfy the primary needs of their populations.

In African Agrarian Societies greeting and leave-taking rituals are an essential part of the communication processes that constitute these societies as collective entities. Through elaborate forms of greeting and leave-taking people initiate and end communication and interaction processes within a framework of collective identities and cultures. Intricate greeting rituals allow to deal with all forms of encounters, with living people as well as with the spirits of the deceased. Greeting rituals are acquired through lengthy periods of learning. Their mastery is the sign of being an adult and competent member of society. External actors from different cultures often seem to be unaware of the subtleties of these greeting rituals. They ignore them at a cost. This essay provides some insights into the inner workings of African societies concerning the framing of most of their internal and external communication processes that are as vital for their lifeworlds as they are for their interaction with external actors from different spheres. Analysing the societies in a comprehensive manner as self-organising entities within an ethnic matrix clearly shows the limits of reducing greeting rituals to mere speech acts between individuals and proves that some of the fundamental assumptions of modern communication theories are not valid for African Agrarian Societies.

The case of Western Sahara shows how the United Nations operates in the area of conflict resolution. In its efforts to reach an agreement, the United Nations are hostage to contrasting & multidimensional logics & interests which in turn make it very difficult to impose a settlement that is in accordance with international law. Adapted from the source document.

Executive council Thirty-Fourth Ordinary Session 07 - 08 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; The members of the PRC Sub-Committee on Headquarters and Host Agreements, met on 22 October 2018 at the AU Headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. to discuss issues relating to the implementation of the Agreement between the African Union and the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, on the Headquarters of the AU , as well as issues arising from the implementation of Host Country Agreements between the AU and States hosting AU institutions, organs, agencies and offices.