Suchergebnisse

Das Interesse der Wirtschaftsgeschichte in der Interaktion ökonomischer und biologischer Prozesse, insbesondere in Bezug auf ökonomische Entwicklung, ist in der letzten Zeit stetig gestiegen. Individuelle körperliche Indikatoren stehen in einer engen Beziehung zu dem Ernährungszustand und somit den demographischen Variablen einer Gesellschaft wie beispielsweise der Lebenserwartung. Diese Variablen haben wiederum einen Rückkopplungseffekt auf die Wirtschaft durch ihren Einfluss auf die Arbeitsproduktivität.
In diesem Kontext zeigt sich die Bedeutung der anthropometrischen Geschichte der Afroamerikaner durch die Debatte um ihren materiellen Lebensstandard und hierbei insbesondere ihre Nahrungsaufnahme während der Gefangenschaft. Diese Datensammlung wurde zusammengestellt, um den Ernährungszustand freier afrikanischer Amerikaner in Maryland während des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts zu ermitteln.

Themen:
Die Daten liefern Informationen über Alter, Geschlecht, Geburtsjahr, Größe, Bundesstaat der Geburt, Wohnort (bzw. Ort, an dem den ehemaligen Sklaven die Freiheit geschenkt wurde), Hautfarbe der Person sowie darüber, ob die jeweilige Person frei geboren wurde oder nach der Geburt freigelassen wurde. In einigen Fällen ist auch der Landkreis, in dem die Personen aufwuchsen, dokumentiert.

In an era of increasing political challenges to global and regional organizations, it is crucial to understand how they claim legitimacy and how successful they are in this respect. Yet, we know surprisingly little about the sources and consequences of legitimation in most regional organizations worldwide. In this project, we thus map the legitimation strategies of a sample of 28 organizations between 1980 and 2019.

Regional organizations in the sample:
Africa
- Organization of African Unity/African Union (OAU/AU)
- Central African Economic and Monetary Union (CEMAC)
- Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
- East African Community (EAC)
- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
- Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
- Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
- Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Asia-Pacific
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
- Pacific Island Forum (PIF)
- South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
- Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
Americas
- Andean Pact/Andean Community (CAN)
- Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
- Common Market of the South (Mercosur)
- Organization of American States (OAS)
- Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
- Central American Integration System (SICA)
Europe
- Council of Europe (COE)
- European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
- European Union (EU)
- Nordic Council (NordC)
Cross-Regional
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
- Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
- League of Arab States (LoAS)
- Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)
- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

The present dataset contains information on illicit economies in African conflict areas between 2015 and mid-2021 from UN Panel of Experts reports. It was collected in the context of a research paper on "Key features of illicit economies in African conflicts: Insights from the reports of UN Panels of Experts". Useful data sources on illicit economies and transnational organized crime in conflict zones are scarce and options for field research in several conflict zones over longer periods of time limited. Panels of Experts provide regular reports based on official mandates and guidelines for monitoring UN sanctions implementation. In order to address the research question, the reports on five out of ten conflict-related UN sanctions regimes that have been ongoing in mid-2021 have been selected. The choice was to focus on African cases (which are seven out of the ten) and those where UN sanctions as well as other UN actors (especially peacekeeping or support operations) have been actively involved. Initially, coding was conducted for CAR, DRC, Libya, Mali, and Somalia based on all UN PoE reports from the last five years (2015 to mid-2021). For Mali, reports are only available since 2018 as the sanction's regime was only established in 2017.

Personality psychology relies heavily on evidence from North America and Europe. Lexical studies, based on the rationale that the most important psychological distinctions between people will be encoded in the natural languages, can provide input from underrepresented contexts by defining locally-relevant personality concepts and their structure. We report the results of a psycholexical study in Khoekhoegowab, the most widely spoken of southern Africa's (non-Bantu) click languages. It includes the largest sample of any lexical study conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa, is the first anywhere to include qualitative interviews to systematically assess the interpretability of terms, and is one of few to rely on a more representative community sample of adults rather than students. Refinement of the survey included frequency-of-use ratings by native speakers from throughout Namibia and input on relevance to personality by those with a psychology degree. The survey was administered by interview to 622 participants by a team of 15 schoolteachers of Khoekhoegowab. The 11 dimensions of the optimal local model were labelled: Intemperance, Prosocial Diligence, Intrusive Gossip, Good Nature, Bad Temper, Predatory Aggression, Haughty Self-Respect, Vanity/Egotism, and Fear versus Courage. A Big One model of evaluation was strongly replicated. Moderate replication was found for the Big Two, Pan-Cultural Three, and a hypothesized pan-African model based on prior lexical results in two languages. Replication criteria were not achieved for the Big Five, Big Six, or South African Personality Inventory models. What results suggest about the local cultural context and about culturally specific aspects of the imported models are discussed.

Personality psychology relies heavily on evidence from North America and Europe. Lexical studies, based on the rationale that the most important psychological distinctions between people will be encoded in the natural languages, can provide input from underrepresented contexts by defining locally-relevant personality concepts and their structure. We report the results of a psycholexical study in Khoekhoegowab, the most widely spoken of southern Africa's (non-Bantu) click languages. It includes the largest sample of any lexical study conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa, is the first anywhere to include qualitative interviews to systematically assess the interpretability of terms, and is one of few to rely on a more representative community sample of adults rather than students. Refinement of the survey included frequency-of-use ratings by native speakers from throughout Namibia and input on relevance to personality by those with a psychology degree. The survey was administered by interview to 622 participants by a team of 15 schoolteachers of Khoekhoegowab. The 11 dimensions of the optimal local model were labelled: Intemperance, Prosocial Diligence, Intrusive Gossip, Good Nature, Bad Temper, Predatory Aggression, Haughty Self-Respect, Vanity/Egotism, and Fear versus Courage. A Big One model of evaluation was strongly replicated. Moderate replication was found for the Big Two, Pan-Cultural Three, and a hypothesized pan-African model based on prior lexical results in two languages. Replication criteria were not achieved for the Big Five, Big Six, or South African Personality Inventory models. What results suggest about the local cultural context and about culturally specific aspects of the imported models are discussed.

Despite a well-documented link between resource production and political instability, little is known about what forms of resource management can disrupt the resource-conflict link and contribute to stability. The dataset "Managing resource-related conflict" presents event-based data on postconflict resource management after countries have experienced armed conflict related to lootable resource extraction from 1945-2013. The dataset contains four resource management strategies (exclusionary, shared, transformative, paternalistic) based on two dimensions (inclusion in resource governance, distribution of costs and benefits). The data is published as supplement to the article "Managing resource-related conflict: A framework of lootable resource management and post conflict stabilization" in the Journal of Conflict Resolution.

Economic inequality at the local level has been shown to be an important predictor of people's political perceptions and preferences. However, research on these questions is hampered by the fact that local inequality is difficult to measure and systematic data collections are rare, in particular in countries of the Global South. We propose a new measure of local inequality derived from nighttime light (NTL) emissions data. Our measure corresponds to the local inequality in per capita nighttime light emissions, using VIIRS-derived nighttime light emissions data and spatial population data from WorldPop. We validate our estimates using local inequality estimates from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for a sample of African countries. Our results show that nightlight-based inequality estimates correspond well to those derived from survey data, and that the relationship is not due to structural factors such as differences between urban and rural regions. We also present predictive results, where we approximate the (survey-based) level of local inequality with our nighttime light indicator. This illustrates how our approach can be used for new cases where no other data is available.

The dataset is part of a project to investigate justifications of repression in North African autocracies. It was set up to answer the question to what extent and how repressive incidents were communicated and justified in Morocco and Tunisia from 2000 to 2010, before the beginning of the Arab uprising protests.

The event dataset is the first to disaggregate data on repressive incidents in two countries over the course of a decade, providing information about the forms of repression, its targets, the actors involved in repression and its justification, and the communication of state violence. All variables are available in textual form, although the forms of repression and repressive actors are all also listed in binary form to facilitate software-supported analysis. The dataset contains in total 439 repressive incidents: namely, 280 for Tunisia and 159 for Morocco. The data was collected from publicly available reports by Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the U.S. State Department, and organizations and news outlets that covered repressive events and their respective justifications. We complemented these English-language sources with further information from French and Arabic sources and provide all data in English.
This systematic collection enables us to assess the extent of justification, as opposed to denial or cover-up, and also to dig into the substantial arguments that were brought forward here. It includes not only cases of protest repression, but also more mundane everyday restrictions on dissidents, and other human rights violations. This gives insight into the political communication of autocracies and their strategies to mitigate the risk of backlash that usually comes with the use of state violence.

Knowledge in psychology is based disproportionately on evidence from western, industrialized samples, non-representative groups in terms of global population. Models built only on such samples may be limited in generalizability. The current project seeks to improve this imbalance in the domain of psychological disorders. Specifically, we aimed to validate an inventory of disorder symptoms for use in two African languages, and provide baseline data on their prevalence and pattern of associations in Namibia including a comparative assessment of among three language groups and with data from the United States. This allows us to build on current knowledge and generate new hypotheses about more universal versus more culturally specific aspects of disorder symptoms. Method: Surveys measuring psychological disorder symptoms, personality traits, well-being, physical health, religiosity, and multiple demographic indicators were collected by oral interview or written survey in three languages. The analytic sample includes 645 Khoekhoegowab-speakers from throughout Namibia, 678 Oshiwambo-speakers from far-northern Namibia, and 589 English-speakers from Windhoek and surrounding areas (Age 18 to 70; M = 33.28; SD = 11.13; 55% female).

The study will also explore how domains of routine mental illness relate to personality characteristics, including personality dimensions defined by the earlier lexical study of personality in Khoekhoegowab. A follow up study will include qualitative interviews to explore local conceptions of serious mental illness, how these are seen to relate to routine (depression, anxiety, substance abuse) mental illness, and the cultural meaning of these domains.

Ultimately this mixed-methods two-part study is intended to (1) establish a better understanding of mental disorder symptoms in Namibia, in order to better inform local psychologists and to provide a solid basis for future work improving mental health services in the country; and (2) to provide evidence to better distinguish between universal versus culturally specific rates and patterns of mental health symptoms.

The dataset is composed of the entire universe of sanctions regimes imposed by the UN, US and EU in the period from 1990 to 2010, including those sanctions regimes that were in place by 1990, targeting a country, its leadership and entities associated with it. Episodes which are still on-going are also recorded. Included are all sanctioned countries which have been coded – at least – at the start of sanction episodes as "autocratic regimes" by the Hadenius/Teorell/Wahman dataset on authoritarian regimes (2012).

We present a data set on authoritarian regimes' claims to legitimacy that is based on leading experts' assessments of 98 states for the period 1991–2010. The experts assessed these regimes on the basis of six conceptually distinguishable but interlinked claims to legitimacy – namely (1) foundational myth, (2) ideology, (3) personalism, (4) international engagement, (5) procedural mechanisms and (6) performance.
For the survey, we contacted approximately 800 renowned international and local experts. They were selected on the basis of their publication records, their local expertise and their work for high-quality country-based indices, research institutes, and/or high-profile think tanks. 273 online questionnaires were completed. We collected expert assessments for the most recent non-democratic regime (as of 2013, the year of assessment). The survey comprised questions covering the strength of a regime's six legitimation strategies, based on a six-point scale ranging from 0-5. In addition, the dataset includes information regarding the number of experts per country and the experts' average confidence in answering the questions on the respective country.

The GSRE 1.0 dataset is based on recently released historical documents from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and improves the coverage and accuracy of state budget data for most authoritarian regimes and some democracies since the end of World War II. The GSRE dataset includes 39 unique indicators covering major aspects of state finance for 161 countries between 1946 and 2006.

Please consult the GSRE website at https://sites.google.com/a/thomaserichter.de/gsre/ for further changes and updates.