Suchergebnisse

Because of declining fertility, the proportion of the aged in the Indian population has risen. Although the rise has been modest, as shown by an increase in the population over 60 years of age from 5.5 to 7.0 per cent between 1951 and 1995, by the latter date, India's experience with 65 million people of this age is unusual. The paper employs data on persons 65+ years of age drawn from the 42nd Round of the National Sample Survey, and for the analysis subdivides them into three age groups, 60-64, 65-69 and 70+. It is shown that, among population over 60 years of age, 10 per cent suffer from impaired physical mobility and 10 per cent are hospitalized at any given time, both proportions rising with increasing age. Of the population over 70 years of age, more than 50 per cent suffer from one or more chronic conditions. The very limited support provided to the old by goverment is brought out by the fact that even in Karnataka, one of the states with the most generous provision, only 15 per cent of persons over 65 years of age receive any type of pension.

Focusing on the need for developing new service delivery models for the aged, Health Care of the Aged examines fiscal, political, and social criteria influencing this challenge of the 1990s. The aged are caught in the sweeping changes currently occuring in the financing, organizing, and delivery of human and health care services. From various perspectives, this new book will help shape the direction for elderly health care program development and implementation. With an emphasis on greater long-term care in either home, community, or institutional settings, this important book will increase th

Because the aged have higher than (mean - average) Med needs, their Med care expenditures equaled at least 16% of the nation's Med bill in 1960, though only 9% of the pop is 65 & over. Public funds already account for 25% of this Med bill. Because they have less voluntary health insurance than the wage earning segment, the aged (with lower than (mean - average) incomes), have to rely on their own resources & help from relatives & philanthropy. There is general recognition that more public money is required if adequate elderly Med care is to be provided in future as Med costs continue to rise faster than the income of the aged. Proposals for meeting these health needs include: (1) reliance on the spread of voluntary health insurance & OAA & MAA Med care; (2) development of federal-state subsidy to voluntary insurance for all or part of premium costs for lowincome aged, & (3) levying an additional soc security tax to provide health benefits for OASDI beneficiaries with costs paid by presently employed workers & employers. The solution will be a pol'al compromise influenced by the signif attached to these arguments. AA.

Because the aged have higher than average medical needs, their medical care expenditures equaled at least 16 per cent of the nation's medical bill in 1960, although only 9 per cent of the population is sixty-five and over. Public funds already account for a fourth of this medical bill. Be cause they have less voluntary health insurance than the wage earning segment, the aged, with lower-than-average incomes, have to rely on their own resources and help from relatives and philanthropy. This situation has led to general recognition that more public money is required if adequate medical care for the elderly is to be provided in future as medical costs continue to rise faster than the income of the aged. Proposals for meeting these health needs include: (1) Reliance on the spread of voluntary health insurance and OAA medical care and MAA; (2) Development of federal-state subsidy to volun tary insurance for all or part of premium costs for low-income aged; (3) Levying an additional social security tax to provide health benefits for OASDI beneficiaries with costs paid by presently employed workers and employers. The solution will be a political compromise influenced by the significance attached to these arguments.

SUMMARYOral health care of the aged veteran is concerned with recognizing its influence on the patient's total health status. This is effectively accomplished by the use of the team approach to address the patient's unique and diversified needs. Developing an appreciation for the services offered by each member of the health care team ensures a comprehensive assessment, a well‐tolerated plan of treatment, and a favorable prognosis.

The Medicare and Medicaid programs, which were enacted through the 1965 amendments to the Social Security Act, placed the federal government in the central role of assuring access of the aged and the poor to needed medical care. In this article the trends in the sources of financing medical care services for the aged are examined. The distinction in terms of insurance coverage between acute care services and long-term care services is highlighted. The effect of the programs in terms of reducing the aged's direct financial cost of medical care, increasing their access to medical services, and improving their health status is explored. The unanticipated increase in the cost of these programs has led to a change in emphasis in public policy, from assuring access to mainstream medical care to containing the cost of providing care. The direction of new federal policies is analyzed, and it is concluded that no longer will it follow the private sector's specifications of the conditions and arrangements under which health services are provided to program beneficiaries.

The Medicare & Medicaid programs, enacted through the 1965 amendments to the Social Security Act, placed the federal government in the central role of assuring access of the aged & the poor to needed medical care. Trends in means of financing medical care services for the aged are examined. The distinction in terms of insurance coverage between acute & long-term care services is highlighted. The effect of the programs in terms of reducing the aged's direct expenditure for medical care, increasing their access to medical services, & improving their health status is explored. The unanticipated increase in the cost of these programs has led to a change in emphasis in public policy, from assuring access to mainstream medical care to cost containment. Analysis of the direction of new federal policies leads to the conclusion that no longer will government follow the private sector's specifications of the conditions & arrangements under which health services are provided to program beneficiaries. 3 Tables. HA.