Статья посвящена анализу взаимосвязи старения населения и политических изменений. Старение рассматривается как глобальный феномен, характерный как для развитых, так и для развивающихся стран. На примере Германии показана связь старения с миграционной политикой и возможными внутриполитическими изменениями. На примере Китая и США показано влияние старения на расстановку сил в борьбе за мировое лидерство.
The article examines the process of reducing the population of working age and its effect on marketing strategy of commercial banks in Russia. The author first explores the process of the population ageing in Russia during the 20th and 21st century and provides information concerning the provision of banking services to different age segments. The analysis concludes with an examination of several population segments which should be of interest to commercial banks facing the population ageing. They include the elderly, children and the youth as well as the population of Russia's small towns. The author's analysis is based on foreign experience which proved successful while involving the population out of the working age in the use of banking services. The article could be of interest to the experts studying the impact of population ageing and marketers.
In the article the authors make an attempt to demonstrate in what way the global ageing and resulting transition to the model of an elderly society may influence the rates and directions of the scientific and technological advance in the nearest 80-100 years as well as how this impact will vary at different stages of the defined period. In the nearest two-three decades it will be the ageing of society that will become a driving force of transformations, reforms and accelerated technological innovations. This is promoted by the increasing volume of accumulated money in social and pension funds and increasing demand for medical and rehabilitative technologies. Thus, at least until the middle of the present century and probably until its last third part the ageing will hardly hamper technological or other development, and on the contrary together with the Cybernetic revolution and the sixth technological mode it will accelerate it. However, later the society's ageing along with improved planning opportunities will support the society's transition to a slower and smoother development (i.e. the much spoken sustainable development) and by the end of the current and the beginning of the 22nd century it will probably cause the slowing down of scientific and technological development.
The paper discusses the results of the consumer behavior survey conducted in the research project "Social and economic activity of the mature age people (50+): needs, satisfaction, consumer behavior models, interaction with business and authorities". The findings confirm that creation of products and services for the older age cohorts must take into account both physiological characteristics of ageing, and psychological (cognitive) perception of age by target consumers.
Current trends in fertility are similar in most countries of the world. To reduce the level of fertility, actively manifested since the second half of the last century, important changes in the calendar of births were added. The classical indicators of demographic statistics are more often dealing with the intensity of fertility, to a lesser extent — with the timing of fertility. The authors made an attempt to compile a system of indicators for the timing, which was then used to study the stages and types of ageing of fertility.
The article discusses the issue of social exclusion of elderly people in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. The author relies on the concept that defines social exclusion as a mechanism for separating a certain group of people from an integral community. Using the example of several respondents, the article examines the effects that social exclusion of elderly people creates in rural areas, as well as possible ways of their adaptation that can minimise it.
The empirical basis of the work is collected by the author 20 semi-structured interviews with elderly people living in rural areas in the Republic of Karelia and 20 diaries of their observations. When analysing interviews and diaries, a thematic method was used. The main result of the study is the identification of various fears and characteristics of the perception of social exclusion as a condition associated with changes in the habitual everyday life, as well as the lifestyle of respondents due to isolation.
The main conclusion highlights the various fears presented in the perceptions of social exclusion by elderly people associated with changes in the usual everyday life due to isolation.
The study also identifies the most effective ways for adaptation of elderly people to minimise their social exclusion: expanding communication with neighbours, translating communication into digital format. The data obtained by the author also allow us to draw a conclusion about changes in the sociological consideration of ageing. It becomes not a state of inclusiveness and activity, integration of elderly people into society, as modern concepts and approaches denote it (for example, the concept of active longevity), but a state that is primarily determined by physical weakness. The need for isolation, as well as limitation of activity, is becoming a forced measure that negatively affects older people and the characteristics of their perception of their age and the situation of a pandemic. This work contributes to the latest research into the understanding of ageing in the context of forced social exclusion in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic.
The article assesses the probability of fulfilling the tasks set by the President of the Russian Federation in the May 2018 Decree in the field of population reproduction. Each of the tasks outlines the current situation, current trends and the most likely results. Factors that contribute to or counteract solutions to the designated problems are identified. In particular, increase or even preservation of the number of births will be hindered by constant reduction since 2015 in the number of women of active reproductive age (25-39 years), who account for 4/5 of all births [1]. Their number will reduce from 17.9 million in 2015 to 15.0 million in 2024, and up to 12.0 million in 2030 [1]. Reduction in deaths from circulatory diseases and neoplasm will be prevented by: the tendency of population ageing; persistence and impossibility of rapid eradicating bad habits, such as smoking, regular excessive drinking; poor quality of food and alcohol, etc. In addition, in the future, with increase in the life expectancy (LE) in Russia, those, who have been cured of diseases related to other major causes of death, eventually will start dying from circulatory diseases or oncology. It is these diseases that are the leading causes of death in countries with high LE. There are made the following conclusions: it will be actually impossible to achieve the goal of "increasing the population of the country" (set in the Decree) only by reproductive means in the near future in Russia. To solve Russia's general demographic problems (ensuring a positive overall population growth; optimizing the placement of the population on its territory not only in the economic, but also in the geopolitical interests of the state; redemption of the structural demographic wave volatility; etc.), it is necessary to follow coordinated reproduction and migration routes.
In the present article some forecasts of technological, political, as well as social and economic development of the world are presented in a systematic manner. The author presents short-term (10-15 years), medium-term (20-50 years) and long-term (50-100 years) forecasts which are based on the theories of long cycles and related technological modes, as well as on the theories of production principles and production revolutions.
