Congress frequently delegates to agencies, and a host of Supreme Court decisions have articulated tests for determining what level of deference courts should give to agency interpretations of their statutory directives. Courts have historically undertaken these analyses in the context of a single agency. Congressional authorization of joint rulemaking authority is more complicated, however, and the traditional frameworks for review are inadequate. When Congress delegates authority to multiple agencies, courts should review the agencies' rules with heightened deference. The traditional framework for judicial review of agency rules is ill equipped when rules are promulgated by multiple coordinated agencies. The prevalence of this type of delegation in recent legislation underscores the need to reconsider the framework under which courts review multiagency rules. For instance, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 ("Dodd-Frank Act") delegates broad authority to multiple agencies to promulgate rules jointly and in consultation with one another. One particularly contentious provision of the Dodd-Frank Act delegates authority to the Treasury Department, the Federal Reserve Board, the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Company, and the Securities and Exchange Commission to implement the "Volcker Rule" by issuing joint rules. Given the lengthy delays and contentious issues discussed during the notice-and-comment period, the Volcker Rule itself is sure to generate a substantial volume of litigation. The recent issuance of the final rule will likely bring to light unresolved issues in judicial review of multiagency rules.
Which forms of agency does literature offer to the reader in the twenty-first century? This study investigates migrant lives in contemporary fiction published by young British Asian writers. Examining the protagonists' ideas of ›success‹ in becoming a full member of their society, Jessica Fischer carves out the naturalised model of homo economicus in these texts and in contemporary fiction more generally. She draws attention to the enterprising self as the preferred subject in today's hegemonic discourses and postulates a new conceptualisation of ›agency‹. This book offers an interdisciplinary approach to narratives of transformation. Moreover, it is an urgently needed combination of cultural and postcolonial studies that tackles ethical questions concerning the normative construction of the subject in identity politics.
In support of Frans van Lunteren's project for big-picture history organized around "mediating machines," these comments stress "mediation" as active agency in the world rather than as mere metaphor, on the view that this active agency underlies the potency of technologies as mediators, both between different domains of knowledge and between theories and things. Similarly important for this power is the diversity of the particular constructions that constitute mediators like "balances" or "engines." Diversity of meaning and action gives them their cultural reach, from mechanical contrivance to natural process to political ideology. An interesting question remains about how many mediating machines will suffice for the big picture of modernity over four centuries. Statistics, for example, might be a crucial addition. Another question concerns how to characterize the knowledge regime of a mediating machine. Van Lunteren chooses "information" for the computer. He might also have chosen "complexity," with different import for the character of postmodernity.
Ausgangspunkt meiner Analyse sind die mit der Idee eines Cyberspace nach wie vor verknüpften utopisch wie auch dystopisch überfrachteten Projektionen hinsichtlich ihrer kulturellen und ideologischen Beschaffenheit, des Zeitpunktes ihres Auftretens, ihrer anhaltenden Persistenz, ihrer sozio-symbolischen Funktion sowie ihrer Implikationen für gesellschaftliche Denk- und Wahrnehmungszusammenhänge. Technikdeterministische Vorstellungen eines 'Paradigmenwechsels', die Proklamierung einer technologisch bedingten 'Neudefinition' des Subjekts, die Idee einer Auflösung klassischer Dichotomien und einer Grenzüberschreitung von Raum, Zeit, Materie und Identität stehen in deutlichem Widerspruch zur tatsächlich beobachtbaren Reproduktion nicht nur konventioneller und dichotomer Denkmodelle und Repräsentationsformen, sondern der Idee eines autonomen und technologisch perfektionierbaren Subjekts, die angesichts ihrer zentralen Rolle in aktuellen Mediendiskursen und der Vehemenz, mit der sie zu diesem spezifiaschen historischen Zeitpunkt vertreten wird, einer Erklärung bedarf. Meine Analyse fokussiert auf die Funktion derartiger Technologievisionen bzw. der Idee 'alternativer' virtueller 'Räume' für die Etablierung bestimmter Konzeptionen von 'Gesellschaft' und verweist auf eine für diesen Kontext spezifische Relation von Phantasma und Symptom. Auf der Basis einer Revision des Begriffs sexueller Differenz entwickle ich die Definition eines politischen Subjekts, das nicht einfach als souveräner Akteur oder beliebige Vielfalt zu verstehen ist, sondern sich über einen strukturellen Antagonismus konstituiert, sowie einen Begriff von Handlungsfähigkeit, der die Basis für eine Anfechtbarkeit sozio-kultureller Konstruktionen begründen kann. Meinen Ausführungen lege ich in der Folge einen Begriff von Cyberspace zugrunde, der diesen als sozio-symbolisches Konstrukt definiert, das sowohl technologische Implementierungen wie auch die damit verbundenen Diskurse umfaßt und unausgesetzt neu zu verhandeln ist. Meine transdisziplinäre Herangehensweise im Sinn einer kritischen Repräsentationstheorie verbindet Ansätze strukturaler psychoanalytischer Theorie mit Ansätzen neuerer Hegemonie- bzw. Demokratietheorie sowie der Film- und Medientheorie, der Gender- und der Cultural Studies, um Perspektiven auf aktuelle Medienkonstellationen zu eröffnen, die sich jenseits technikdeterministischer oder kulturpessimistischer Einschätzungen bewegen. ; Considering the abundant promises and euphoric expectations (as well as apocalyptic visions of technology) that still dominate discourses on media and technology my analysis focuses on their cultural and social condition, the specific moment of their emergence, their continuous persistence, their socio-symbolic function, and their implications for social contexts of thought and perception and for hegemonic relations. The techno-deterministic notion of a 'paradigm change', the proclamation of a 'radically new' definition of the subject and the idea of a technically conditioned abolition of traditional dichotomies is in fact contrasted by a striking adherence to conventional and dichotome models of thought and of representation, and to the idea of an autonomous and technologically perfectionable subject. My analysis will on the one hand focus on the function of exaggerated visions of technological development (predicating a dissolution of space, time, matter and identity) and the function of ideas of 'alternative', 'virtual' 'spaces' for establishing specific notions of 'society' - indicating a specific relation of phantasm and symptom as I will show. On the other hand I will develop the definition of a political subject - not conceived as a sovereign actor, nor as an arbitrary variety, but rather as constituted on the basis of a structural impossibility inherent in language and which alone can be, due to this very impossibility or antagonism a subject of the political. In the course of this argument the notion of sexual difference will be critically revised. Furthermore I will develop a definition of agency adequate to provide the grounds and the argumentative tools for the contestability of cultural and social constructs. My emphasis will be on the interdependencies of these questions and I will base my arguments on a notion of Cyberspace that defines it as a socio-symbolic construct comprising both technical implementations as well as the respective discourses and which continuously has to be negotiated. My approach combines structural psychoanalytical theory, hegemony studies, art theory, film theory, media studies, gender studies and cultural studies. As a transdisciplinary critical theory of representation and considering its statement of problems, as well as its focus, it differs from predominant approaches to current developments of technology to create perspectives on current technological dispositives and media constellations beyond prevalent techno-euphoric or pessimistic views.
Photography is complicit in pathologizing raced and sexed bodies and picturing them outside the margins of "normal," consequently dispossessing such bodies from the benefit of perceptual neutrality in visual self-representation. How can auto-portraiture work by bodies, whose agency is predicated by the medium's historically disenfranchising frame, dispel its's congenitally diseased gaze? This writing project presents the auto-portraiture work of Paul Mpagi Sepuya as an example of the use of conjugation as a novel visual composition concept in image-making. Via its ability to enable trans-temporal and trans-locative visual zones, conjugation presents a radically potent experimental imaging strategy that extends beyond the potential reaches of abstraction, not only fundamentally reconfiguring what's being viewed, but equally affecting the action of viewing itself. Different to abstraction's inherent association with withdrawal and separation, conjugation activates image making that functions through combinations and simultaneity of –– combining individual interactions to create newly imagined forms that are free from the constraints of hegemonically imposed regulations of self-representation.
Die Titelgebung des vorliegenden Beitrags ist eine wortkarge und durchaus irritierende Formulierung. Wer weiß, ob ein wiedergeborener Herder hier nicht gleich die aktuelle Version von "Gallikomanie", das fortgeschrittene Stadium des englisch-amerikanischen Sprachimperialismus des anfänglichen 21. Jahrhunderts diagnostizieren und darin ein ihm vertrautes Problem, das eigene Fremde im Fremden des Anderen wiedererkennen würde? Und da würde er bezüglich des Titels eigentlich richtig liegen, geht es hier doch um eine Entfremdung, um die Aufstellung eines hermeneutisch nur bedingt zulässigen Vergleichs eines neueren Kulturkritikers mit einem älteren, oder was noch schlimmer ist, des älteren mit einem neueren - um einen Begriff von Handlungsmacht, agency. Darüber hinaus ist bei dieser Anknüpfung an Herder aus mindestens zwei weiteren Gründen Vorsicht geboten. Zum einen haftet Herders Werk und dessen Rezeptionsgeschichte ein unguter Nachgeschmack an, der den Namen Herder gerade in politischen, ideologiekritischen und auch postkolonialen Diskursen zu einem Label geraten lässt, das die falsche Strategie der Identitätsschaffung bezeichnet. Zum anderen ist der postkoloniale Diskurs auf ein politisches Handeln ausgerichtet, dessen Konsequenz man bei Herder bei noch so großer Anstrengung - schon aus historischen Gründen - nicht zufriedenstellend finden würde. In Bezug auf beide Einwände gilt es also das Gebot zu beherzigen, "jede Form der politischen Aktualisierung im Interesse Herders mit äußerster Vorsicht und geschärftestem Blick für historische Differenzen aufzunehmen." Die Rettung ist im vorliegenden Zusammenhang just aus dem unerlässlichen hermeneutischen Bewusstsein zu holen, dass die Beachtung der genannten Differenz, die Bewahrung einer Differenz zwischen "Nachahmung" und "Nacheiferung", wie Herder sagen würde, die produktive Aneignung des älteren Kulturkritikers im Kontext des neueren nicht nur vorstellbar und sinnvoll macht, aber auch zu beherzigende Resultate für die Lektüre beider Autoren verspricht.
This brochure has been approved by the S.C. Real Estate Commission for use in explaining representation issues in real estate transactions and consumers rights as a buyer or seller. It is important for you to discuss the information in this brochure with the real estate licensee and agree on whether in your business relationship you will be a customer or a client.
− Agency is one of five core analytical problems in the Earth System Governance (ESG) Project's research framework, which offers a unique approach to the study of environmental governance. − Agency in Earth System Governance draws lessons from ESG–Agency research through a systematic review of 322 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2008 and 2016 and contained in the ESG–Agency Harvesting Database.− ESG–Agency research draws on diverse disciplinary perspectives with distinct clusters of scholars rooted in the fields of global environmental politics, policy studies, and socio-ecological systems. − Collectively, the chapters in Agency in Earth System Governance provide an accessible synthesis of some of the field's major questions and debates and a state-of-the-art understanding of how diverse actors engage with and exercise authority in environmental governance.
The introduction lays the ground for this issue's critical inquiry into fat and agency. Agency is a crucial yet ambivalent tool for historical, cultural and social analysis. It denotes a combination of self-reliance, self-will and self-respect among historical actors. On the one hand, it is a symbol for the reappropriation of alienated and seemingly overpowering discourses, social relations, and institutions. On the other hand, it often serves as an idealized counterpoint to representations of fat bodies. Therefore, agency is not necessarily and exclusively tied to oppositional acts of resistance or withdrawal, but it is also a premise of the social and political organization of liberal societies: exerting agency performs our compliance with its demands.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is a European Agency as it is a decentralized body governed by European public law; it has its own legal personality and is also distinct from the European Union institutions (Council, Parliament, Commission, etc.). The EMA presents itself, and is commonly recognised, as a public health agency. This is notably supported by its recent transition from the Regional Direction of Research to the Regional Direction of Public Health. Four recognized principles of public health can be identified as such: assessment, transparency, precaution and independence. These principles appear to be closely linked to those forming the basis of good European governance regarding agencies: efficacy, coherence, openness, participation and responsibility. Thus, it is interesting to study how these principles are applied by the EMA in order to assess the reality of its qualification as a Public Health European Agency. The principles of assessment and transparency seem to be largely applied whereas the principles of precaution and independence are more problematic.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is a European Agency as it is a decentralized body governed by European public law; it has its own legal personality and is also distinct from the European Union institutions (Council, Parliament, Commission, etc.). The EMA presents itself, and is commonly recognised, as a public health agency. This is notably supported by its recent transition from the Regional Direction of Research to the Regional Direction of Public Health. Four recognized principles of public health can be identified as such: assessment, transparency, precaution and independence. These principles appear to be closely linked to those forming the basis of good European governance regarding agencies: efficacy, coherence, openness, participation and responsibility. Thus, it is interesting to study how these principles are applied by the EMA in order to assess the reality of its qualification as a Public Health European Agency. The principles of assessment and transparency seem to be largely applied whereas the principles of precaution and independence are more problematic.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is a European Agency as it is a decentralized body governed by European public law; it has its own legal personality and is also distinct from the European Union institutions (Council, Parliament, Commission, etc.). The EMA presents itself, and is commonly recognised, as a public health agency. This is notably supported by its recent transition from the Regional Direction of Research to the Regional Direction of Public Health. Four recognized principles of public health can be identified as such: assessment, transparency, precaution and independence. These principles appear to be closely linked to those forming the basis of good European governance regarding agencies: efficacy, coherence, openness, participation and responsibility. Thus, it is interesting to study how these principles are applied by the EMA in order to assess the reality of its qualification as a Public Health European Agency. The principles of assessment and transparency seem to be largely applied whereas the principles of precaution and independence are more problematic.
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is a European Agency as it is a decentralized body governed by European public law; it has its own legal personality and is also distinct from the European Union institutions (Council, Parliament, Commission, etc.). The EMA presents itself, and is commonly recognised, as a public health agency. This is notably supported by its recent transition from the Regional Direction of Research to the Regional Direction of Public Health. Four recognized principles of public health can be identified as such: assessment, transparency, precaution and independence. These principles appear to be closely linked to those forming the basis of good European governance regarding agencies: efficacy, coherence, openness, participation and responsibility. Thus, it is interesting to study how these principles are applied by the EMA in order to assess the reality of its qualification as a Public Health European Agency. The principles of assessment and transparency seem to be largely applied whereas the principles of precaution and independence are more problematic.
"1996 comprehensive biennial report on Texas public schools : A report to the 75th Texas Legislature from the Texas Education Agency". Comprehensive biennial report containing statistics on K-12 public schools in the State of Texas. ; UT Libraries
"Implementing education reform: A report to the Texas Legislature from the State Board of Education and the Texas Education Agency, 1984-1986". Comprehensive biennial report containing statistics on K-12 public schools in the State of Texas. ; UT Libraries
