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Cross-center review on rice research in the CGIAR conducted in 1992 and completed early in 1993 by a panel under the chairmanship of Grant Scobie. The document also contains a summary of the discussion of this review, together with external reviews of IRRI and WARDA, at the CGIAR meeting in May 1993, a transmittal from the TAC Chairman with a draft strategy statement on rice research in the CGIAR, and a transmittal from the panel chair.The panel appraised the present and future role of rice in the diet of developed country populations. It said that rice production would have to double by 2030. This increase would need to come from increased productivity, which was the challenge to research. The panel believed CGIAR funds for rice research were misallocated in favor of Africa. They saw insufficient justification for the growing research emphasis on less favored, upland environments, as irrigated rice was of overriding importance. To enable WARDA to continue with reduced funds, the panel proposed collaboration with IITA. Rice related programs at CIAT, IBPGR, IFPRI, IITA and ISNAR were also discussed.For its part, considering the political decision about WARDA funding taken by the CGIAR in 1986, TAC found no compelling reason to adjust its allocation to WARDA for the period 1994-1998. WARDA's contribution to CGIAR priorities could be further explored before decisions on later allocations were made. Agenda document at TAC 60, and the CGIAR meeting in May 1993.

Creating safe and inclusive schools is one of the aims of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which highlights the need for educational establishments that are inclusive and free from violence. Chile is one of the countries where policies and legislation intend to tackle violence in schools as well as promote inclusion. In this descriptive study, semi-structured interviews with teachers from the regions X and XIV in the south of Chile offer an introduction to the strategies that are used in schools so as to handle violence among students (peer-to-peer) in terms of prevention, response and the inclusion of students involved in either perpetrating or experiencing acts of violence. A qualitative analysis of teachers' strategies discloses the inclusive values in their practices and their approaches to prevent and respond to peer-to-peer violence while being respectful to their students' needs, avoiding discrimination and promoting learning and participation. Therefore, despite the challenges that teachers face, their strategies and the inclusive values found in their practices show an apparent commitment to provide safe and inclusive education for every child, including those experiencing and involved in peer-to-peer violence. Nonetheless, there are certain aspects that the Chilean education system may need to improve. For instance, schools could increase the collective work involving families, schools and social services, as well as develop inclusive violence response and prevention initiatives that are institutionalised rather than dependant on teachers' will.

Background: The welfare state has a long history of uncertain future. Nonetheless, health indicators of people living in countries with a more universal and generous welfare state remain better than those living under less generous and more individualist welfare regimes. In this essay, we reflect on how occupational health, as part of public health, can contribute to the sustainability of the welfare state. Methods: Over the course of the political and social transformations of the State, from single guarantor of security to assuming civil and social rights, the practice of public health has added, to its original objectives related to the control of epidemics of contagious diseases, the promotion of health and the reduction of inequalities in health. In the context of the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development Goals, there is a great opportunity to expand the welfare state through public health policies. Results: On the other hand, the welfare state is only possible when persons are employed in the formal sector. Through their taxes, workers and employers support the welfare state. Occupational health, by preventing injury and illness, and promoting the health of working people, can contribute significantly to the existence of decent work and a quality labour market. Conclusion: The mission of occupational health is to help people enjoy a healthy and prolonged working life, as a critical component of human well-being.

PurposeThe 2030 agenda for sustainable development and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) constitute an overarching global milestone for creating a better sustainable future worldwide. The risk component of the agenda under the SFDRR must be better embedded into the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and integrating disaster risk management policy with broader development objectives at national and subnational levels in many countries is still a work in progress. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the progress between the SDGs and the SFDRR in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and its complementary featuresDesign/methodology/approachComprehensive and contextualized analyses of the progress of SFDRR and SDGs related to the LAC region need to be fully addressed to examine synergies and trade-offs with the two global agendas. Based on empirical evidence from United Nations global reports, a literature review of DRR and DRM, as well as development planning evidence, this paper addresses the implications of building coherence between the SDGs and the SFDRR in the region.FindingsInterplay and connections of the two agendas are highlighted together with an analysis of coherence among indicators. Despite the richness of several indicators, the examined evidence suggests that derived from the current progress, indicators are unable to completely reflect the dynamics among disaster risk drivers for both the SFDRR and the SDGs in the region.Research limitations/implicationsData availability at UNIDSR as well as at the regional level can limit the scope of the research. When comparing and matching the agendas, results could be further improved upon new releases of data. SFDRR and SDGs have also ground for improvement and countries are doing well but still slow.Practical implicationsThe paper offers new insights and findings for decision/policy makers in Latina America and the Caribbean.Originality/valueThe paper offers an overall understanding of the progress and coherence among SFDRR and SDGs global frameworks and provides insights to identify the gaps and opportunities that need to be addressed to integrate disaster risk reduction into sustainable development planning at national and regional scales in LAC.

With stagnating growth rates, increasing inequality and unwavering pollution rates across the developing and developed world, it is clearer than ever that our current economic framework, developed late in the 19th century, is under severe stress. At the current pace, we will not meet the Sustainable Development Goals set in the 2030 Agenda, an agenda which explicitly relies on the commitment of the private sector to succeed. We must all contribute to rethinking the functioning of the market and give it a new purpose. Only thus will we find a new development trajectory. Our current three-sector social and economic model (government, private sector and NGOs) is the place to start. This division seems to imply that businesses cannot have any other purpose than maximizing profit and shareholder value. But, as our study shows, this is not true. A new Fourth Sector of the economy, made up of for-social benefit and purpose-driven companies, is rising both in the world and in our region of Ibero-America; a region where roughly 10 % of the world's population lives. The Fourth Sector represents 6 % of the total economy of the seven countries we have studied (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, México, Portugal and Spain), which, in turn, account for 87 % of total Ibero-American GDP. This new Sector employs almost 10 million workers annually. The reasons behind this rise are manifold, and in the present work many are discussed, including the birth of an innovative regulatory framework in some countries in the region. But we would like to highlight one in particular: the arrival of a new generation of consumers and entrepreneurs who, against all odds, have started to search for purpose beyond revenue. This, the fact that the rise of the Fourth Sector is partly organic, is very encouraging news. However, much more needs to be done. In this study, we set some guidelines of where action should be directed, and what policies should be enacted to make this new ecosystem thrives. Only if we succeed at carrying them forth will we ...

n the last centuries, Humankind has lived sourced by fossil fuels and under a linear economic perspective based on extractive activities, environmental depletion and lack of circularity. Ironically, what goes around, comes around. The prevailing paradigm of production-consumption-waste (take-make-dispose) that excluded the environmental perspective was wrong. How production and consumption patterns are settled nowadays, have repercussions in all the spheres (economy, society and the environment). Consequently, the world is currently facing significant challenges that affect all the people: Climate Change, energy security, increasing electricity demand, economic growth and employment creation are among the top concerns today. They are present in the national agendas as reflected in the Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) to achieve sustainability resilience and, ultimately, welfare. The economy and energy systems strongly condition these goals. Regarding the former, production processes now are more distant due to globalisation, information and communication technologies (ICT), offshoring and the international trade growth, and have made that production and consumption develop through complex global value chains (GVC) with different countries that produce different parts of a final product that is eventually consumed elsewhere. The Covid19's pandemic is a recent example of how the GVC phenomenon has propagated the economic shocks across sectors and countries (via lockdowns, upstream bottlenecks, dependencies and transportation problems). Understanding how GVC behave is fundamental to describing the dependencies and networks that define today's world economy. Hence, GVC become the backbone of this thesis. Concerning the later, energy coming from fossil fuels is still mainstream. This fact hinders the efforts to fight against Climate Change, which implies meeting the Paris Agreement goals. Countries are committed to reducing their greenhouse gases emissions for the year 2030. The strategy to achieve the mitigation goals needs a low carbon economy and energy transition path, so countries worldwide have launched national policy packages to increase renewable energy sources (RES). However, two main issues arise: on the one hand, these green investments planned are insufficient. On the other side, the required energy transition may impact other aspects of sustainability and resilience that imply both synergies and trade-offs between SDGs and social and economic spheres of sustainability that should be assessed. Furthermore, world energy demand is expected to increase. In developing countries, growth is dramatic. For example, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region grew at a rate of 6-8% per year in the past years. It is expected to triple by 2030. Developing countries face the same challenges as developed ones, departing from a disadvantaged position (in terms of technology, labour skills and capital endowments, institutional robustness, and political priorities). In this context, an energy transition towards decarbonisation, focused on developing regions, plays cardinal importance in the thesis. Renewable electricity ensures climate protection and energy security, as well as employment opportunities, economic growth and human welfare. It becomes part of the solution to today's problems to achieve sustainability. With Covid19, the future of energy and the global value chains is uncertain. The debate about the virtues GVC and the dependencies in the production process obviously affect the citizens' health and safety and have implications for international trade and investment (renewables included). Policymakers responsible for taking today's critical investment decisions need complete analysis and evidence of their choices' broad impacts. This is the main objective of the thesis. Aiming to depict the current functioning of the production processes focused on RES deployment, this document covers the insertion of developing regions in GVC (their role, insertion and implications), through socioeconomic and environmental indicators, and policy recommendations. The present thesis, entitled "Sustainability assessment of green investments on the path to the energy transition and the decarbonisation of the economy. The importance of global value chains", is structured in six chapters: Chapter 1 introduces the two intertwined concepts present in the whole document: energy and the global value chains. Chapters 3 to 5 deal with these two concepts at different levels (regional, national and local, respectively). It also presents the main research questions and lists the work performed up to the present date. Chapter 2 links RES deployment and value chains through a common methodological framework: the input-output analysis. It is a widely used way to measure GVC and sustainability impacts related to investments such as renewables. One of the main advantages of this method is its ability to account for a wide range of dimensions in the three spheres of sustainability along with detailed full inclusion of the GVC, including both direct and indirect effects. However, one of the main shortcomings of this methodology is the lack of data available for developing regions: many countries are not covered in the main multi-regional input-output (MRIO) databases, hindering the measurement of GVC in regions like South America or Africa. Chapter 3 addresses data shortcomings by using a regional input-output table (RIOT). Chapter 3 analyses South America's role in GVC through the Koopman, Wang and Wei (KWW) decomposition. The KWW scheme is extended to explain the limitations when using a RIOT. A novel adaptation of the KWW gross exports decomposition scheme, suitable for any RIOT, is created to this end. The implications of using a RIOT are assessed. Besides, the results are complemented with those obtained using a Multiregional Input-Output (MRIO) table. It is confirmed the low insertion of South America in GVC and its upstream position as a provider of intermediate goods and services: imported content in South American exports comes primarily from outside the region, and only Uruguay is vertically integrated. Finally, using a RIOT is not recommended for a complete sustainability analysis when MRIO tables are available. In chapter 4, Mexico's green investments for the period 2018-2030 are assessed in terms of value added, employment, materials, land use, water and CO2eq emissions in a multiregional input-output framework. These green investments are expected to account for nearly an increase of 1%, both GDP and employment, in Mexico and scheduled mitigation of around 63 Mt CO2eq, once the new facilities are fully deployed. Nevertheless, the deployment and operation, and maintenance phases will increase the emissions (0.82%), the water and material footprint (0.19 and 0.9%, respectively) and the land use (0.19%) with a substantial share of the positive and negative effects leaked outside the country borders. We compare the results with the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) proposal, aligned with the COP21 goals. If additional RES to meet the Paris Agreement is deployed in Mexico, GDP and employment are estimated to almost triple concerning the national package assessed. Chapter 5 presents a sustainability assessment of concentrated solar power (CSP) hybridisation with biomass technology to be installed in Tunisia. Environmental impacts have been assessed by Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). For socioeconomic impacts, an MRIO analysis was used to estimate the production of goods and services, value added and employment creation. Regarding the results, the system reports 22 gCO2eq per kWh. The most critical component in terms of emissions is the gasifier system, due to biomass transport. Socioeconomic results show significant impacts on Tunisia's employment creation, coming essentially from the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase. The multiplier effect of the direct investment in producing goods and services amounts to 2.4 (3.5 accounting induced impacts). Domestic value added in investment is low, only 28.9% of the overall value added created. Thus, increasing the national content of the investment stage would bring additional local benefits. Using extended MRIO, CO2 emissions have also been calculated, and the CO2 emission differences with both methodologies are discussed. This thesis concludes with some final remarks regarding the importance of RES deployment in achieving the Paris Agreement and some of the Agenda 2030 goals while identifying how GVC affect these green investments, especially in developing countries. GVC potential weaknesses and the benefits of fostering local RES components niches should be considered to create policy actions. Finally, brief comments on current and future research lines include exploring other technologies such as carbon capture, storage and use (CCUS), capital endogenisation and methodological hybridisations to contribute to identifying the benefits of green investments in the way to sustainability.

The United Nations (UN) climate summit (COP 21) in Paris is the most important opportunity for years to come to organise effective collective action at the international level to stabilise global warming at 1.5 degrees Celsius (°C), or at least limit it to a maximum of 2°C; facilitate the transition towards a zero-carbon economy; and mobilise significant financial resources to adapt to climate change, particularly in the most vulnerable countries. The European Union (EU) is in a unique position to contribute decisively to these ends. With its climate pledge from March 2015, the EU has made explicit what it considers to be a fair offer, in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, to further an ambitious and fair deal, the EU should be prepared to offer even more in the key negotiating fora, especially regarding adaptation and finance. With the negotiations towards COP 21 in full swing and the EU's negotiation mandate fixed, however, the real work will begin after Paris. Five building blocks will be of particular importance to demonstrate European leader-ship: (1) mitigation, (2) adaptation, including the issue of loss and damage (L&D), (3) climate finance, (4) a framework for non-state climate actions and (5) the building of ambitious alliances. 1. Mitigation: The Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of the EU and its member states represents an important step in the right direction, but it is not ambitious enough to really make the EU a climate leader. The INDC target of 40 per cent emission reductions by 2030 is based on a scenario of 80 per cent decarbonisation by 2050. This puts the EU at the lower end of its long-term goal of 80–95 per cent by mid-century. Attaining the 40 per cent target by 2030 does not necessarily enable the EU to reach a goal of 80 per cent by 2050, even if it were on track to reach its 40 per cent target in 2030 – which it is not. 2. Adaptation and L&D: The international community has waited too long and acted too weakly to fully avoid dangerous climate change, meaning more vulnerable countries and populations will be increasingly affected by severe impacts of climate change. Action on adaptation as well as L&D is therefore crucial for COP 21 and beyond, and the EU should be seen as treating these issues with the same priority and urgency as mitigation. 3. Climate finance: Climate finance is the most straight-forward way to demonstrate an international commitment to fight climate change and its impacts. To demonstrate resolve and credibility, the EU's contributions for mitigation and adaptation will need to be made in addition to its conventional development finance. 4. A framework for non-state climate actions: The EU has been a frontrunner in promoting greater engagement of non-state and subnational actors in global climate policy. It should thus support a long-term action agenda and policy framework to facilitate and galvanise bottom-up climate actions. 5. Ambitious alliances: Since 2011, the EU has made considerable efforts to revitalise its external climate action and related diplomacy. Paris will be a vantage point to capitalise on new opportunities.

In September 2015, the UN member states agreed on a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which represent the global agenda for equitable, socially inclusive, and environmentally sustainable economic development until 2030. Mining companies have the potential to become leading partners in achieving the SDGs. Through their direct operations, mining companies can generate profits, employment, and economic growth in low-income countries. And through partnerships with government and civil society, mining companies can ensure that benefits of mining extend beyond the life of the mine itself, so that the mining industry has a positive impact on the natural environment, climate change, and social capital. Mining companies will be called on to extract responsibly, waste less, use safer processes, incorporate new sustainable technologies, promote the improved wellbeing of local communities, curb emissions, and improve environmental stewardship. Mining companies committed to the SDGs will benefit from improved relationships with governments and communities, as well as better access to financial resources. Those that fail to engage meaningfully with the SDGs will put their operations at risk in the short and long term. In September 2020, in partnership with the Responsible Mining Foundation (RMF), CCSI published a new report, Mining and the SDGs: A 2020 Status Update as a follow-up to the 2016 Mapping Mining to the SDGs Atlas (see below). This report provides an update on what large-scale mining companies are doing to integrate and report on SDGs in their business strategies and highlights nine practical steps that companies can take to demonstrate their commitment to achieving the Goals by the 2030 deadline. The report can be downloaded in English, Chinese, Spanish, French, Bahasa Indonesia, Japanese, Portuguese (BR) and Russian. In 2015, CCSI worked with the World Economic Forum, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) to create a shared understanding of how the mining industry can most effectively contribute to the SDGs. The report can assist mining companies to navigate where their activities – exploration, operations, and mine closure – can help the world achieve the SDGs. Governments, civil society and other stakeholders can also identify opportunities for shared action and partnership with the mining industry. A draft report of Mapping Mining to the Sustainable Development Goals: A Preliminary Atlas was released for public consultation in January 2016; the final version of the executive summary and the full report (available in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese) was released on July 19, 2016.

Possible directions of transformation of the state policy in the field of education of nurses in a narrow issue of end-of-life nursing care in the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals are identified. The 70th UN General Assembly where civic society organizations actively participated adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as part of the Summit on Sustainable Development in September 2015, which included 17 Global Sustainable Development Goals. Global Goal 4.7 stated: «By 2030 ensure all learners acquire knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including among others through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship, and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture's contribution to sustainable development». This Goal also applies to medical education (in particular, for nurses). The improvement of the content of this education is actual in the context of the implementation of medical reform in Ukraine.

A content analysis of the international curriculum for nurses and its comparison with teaching documents implemented in medical colleges in Ukraine has been made. The program developed in the United States with active participation of civil society organisations has been found to be consistent with UN Sustainable Development Goal 4.7. Comparing these documents, we can easily see Ukrainian curricula inconsistency with both international standards of nursing training and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. These curricula form only a generalized understanding of the value of cultural diversity and human rights and do not include issues of social justice, inclusion, multidisciplinary cooperation etc.

A content analysis of the Strategy for the Development of Medical Education in Ukraine, approved by the Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 27th February, 2019, № 95-r, revealed that the document does not provide for the inclusion of aspects set out in Global Goal 4.7.

Participation of citizens in development of national educational policy is the obligatory precondition for forming of the democratic society and encourages better compliance of educational programs with the needs of the population.

It is argued that in the context of medical reform, it is necessary to change the approach to the content of medical education and the formation of the competence of nurses, in particular, in the field of end-of-life care in undergraduate education. Cross-sectoral and multidisciplinary cooperation is needed to develop quality training programs for nurses in line with international standards; this could be done in particular by involving civil society institutions in the process.

Background: The need to provide quality and equitable health services and protect populations from impoverishing health care costs has pushed universal health coverage (UHC) to the top of global health policy agenda. In many developing countries where the majority of the population works in the informal sector, there are critical debates over the best financing mechanisms to progress towards UHC. In Kenya, government health policy has prioritized contributory financing strategy (social health insurance) as the main financing mechanism for UHC. However, there are currently no studies that have assessed the cost of either social health insurance (SHI) as the contributory approach or an alternative financing mechanism involving non-contributory (general tax funding) approaches to UHC in Kenya. The aim of this study was to critically assess the financial requirements of both contributory and non-contributory mechanisms to financing UHC in Kenya in the context of large informal sector populations. Methods: SimIns Basic® model, Version 2.1, 2008 (WHO/GTZ), was used to assess the feasibility of UHC in Kenya and provide estimates of financial resource needs for UHC over a 17-year period (2013–2030). Data sources included review of national and international literature on inflation, demography, macro-economy, health insurance, health services unit costs and utilization rates. The data were triangulated across geographic regions for accuracy and integrity of the simulation. SimIns models for 10 years only so data from the final year of the model was used to project for another 7 years. The 17-year period was necessary because the Government of Kenya aims to achieve UHC by 2030. Results and conclusions: The results show that SHI is financially sustainable (Sustainability in this study is used to mean that expenditure does not outstrip revenue.) (revenues and expenditure match) within the first five years of implementation, but it becomes less sustainable with time. Modelling for a non-contributory scenario, on the other hand, showed greater sustainability both in the short- and long-term. The financial resource requirements for universal access to health care through general government revenue are compared with a contributory health insurance scheme approach. Although both funding options would require considerable government subsidies, given the magnitude of the informal sector in Kenya and their limited financial capacity, a tax-funded system would be less costly and more sustainable in the long-term than an insurance scheme approach. However, more innovative financing for health care as well as giving the health sector higher priority in government expenditure will be required to make the non-contributory financing mechanism more sustainable.

BACKGROUND: The need to provide quality and equitable health services and protect populations from impoverishing health care costs has pushed universal health coverage (UHC) to the top of global health policy agenda. In many developing countries where the majority of the population works in the informal sector, there are critical debates over the best financing mechanisms to progress towards UHC. In Kenya, government health policy has prioritized contributory financing strategy (social health insurance) as the main financing mechanism for UHC. However, there are currently no studies that have assessed the cost of either social health insurance (SHI) as the contributory approach or an alternative financing mechanism involving non-contributory (general tax funding) approaches to UHC in Kenya. The aim of this study was to critically assess the financial requirements of both contributory and non-contributory mechanisms to financing UHC in Kenya in the context of large informal sector populations. METHODS: SimIns Basic® model, Version 2.1, 2008 (WHO/GTZ), was used to assess the feasibility of UHC in Kenya and provide estimates of financial resource needs for UHC over a 17-year period (2013-2030). Data sources included review of national and international literature on inflation, demography, macro-economy, health insurance, health services unit costs and utilization rates. The data were triangulated across geographic regions for accuracy and integrity of the simulation. SimIns models for 10 years only so data from the final year of the model was used to project for another 7 years. The 17-year period was necessary because the Government of Kenya aims to achieve UHC by 2030. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results show that SHI is financially sustainable (Sustainability in this study is used to mean that expenditure does not outstrip revenue.) (revenues and expenditure match) within the first five years of implementation, but it becomes less sustainable with time. Modelling for a non-contributory scenario, on the other hand, showed greater sustainability both in the short- and long-term. The financial resource requirements for universal access to health care through general government revenue are compared with a contributory health insurance scheme approach. Although both funding options would require considerable government subsidies, given the magnitude of the informal sector in Kenya and their limited financial capacity, a tax-funded system would be less costly and more sustainable in the long-term than an insurance scheme approach. However, more innovative financing for health care as well as giving the health sector higher priority in government expenditure will be required to make the non-contributory financing mechanism more sustainable.

Drei Jahre nach der Atomkatastrophe im japanischen Fukushima rücken Laufzeitverlängerungen bestehender Kernkraftwerke und der Bau neuer Reaktoren weltweit wieder stärker in den Fokus. Befürworter erhoffen sich eine kostengünstige Stromerzeugung, eine sichere Energieversorgung sowie einen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz. Das Referenzszenario der Europäischen Kommission - die Grundlage für die Diskussion der Energie- und Klimapolitik 2030 - legt einen massiven Ausbau der Atomkraft nahe, darunter den Neubau von sieben Atomkraftwerken in Polen. Auch in Deutschland mehren sich die Stimmen, die den bevorstehenden Atomausstieg kritisieren. Von einer Renaissance der Atomkraft kann nach Ansicht des DIW Berlin jedoch nicht die Rede sein: Laufende Ausbauprojekte konzentrieren sich auf wenige Länder, insbesondere China. Vor allem aber wird in der Diskussion vernachlässigt, dass Atomkraft bisher noch nie wirtschaftlich betrieben werden konnte, sofern Risiken für Mensch und Umwelt, Kosten für einen späteren Rückbau und die Endlagerung sowie der notwendigen Infrastruktur für Forschung und Entwicklung berücksichtigt werden. Die Fragen, wie und wo hochradioaktive Abfälle endgelagert werden sollen, sind ungelöst. Als sicherste und kostengünstigste Antwort erscheint daher der Ausstieg aus der Atomkraft. Die europäische Diskussion sollte sich nicht an Modellrechnungen orientieren, die einen großen Teil der Kosten vernachlässigen. Deutschland kann unbeirrt an seinem Atomausstieg festhalten, ohne die Versorgungssicherheit zu gefährden; dies gilt auch für die Abschaltung des Atomkraftwerks Grafenrheinfeld im Jahr 2015. Parallel zum Ausstieg sollten umgehend lange vernachlässigte Fragen des Rückbaus und der Endlagerung von Atommüll geklärt werden. ; Three years after the nuclear catastrophe in Fukushima one observes a certain momentum with regard to lifetime extensions as well as some interest in new building of nuclear power plants. Advocates of nuclear power argue in term of low-cost electricity generation, a secure supply as well as a contribution against climate change. The Reference Scenario of the European Commission - which sets the agenda on the EU Climate and Energy Strategy to 2030 - implies massive new buildings of nuclear power plants, not less than seven are forecasted for Poland alone. In Germany, too, voices are re-appearing that criticize the upcoming nuclear phase-out. However, DIW Berlin clearly derives that there is no Renaissance of nuclear power under way: the plans to construct new plants are concentrated in a few countries, mainly China. But foremost, the discussion neglects that nuclear power has never in history been produced economically, taking into account the costs of risks for mankind and the environment, the scrapping of nuclear waste, let alone the infrastructure of R & D and the corresponding national innovation system. The question where to store the highly radioactive waste is of yet unresolved. Phasing out nuclear is the safest and cost efficient strategy. The European discussion should not focus on analytical models that neglect a large part of the economic cost. Germany can continue its nuclear phase-out until 2022, without risking the supply security; this also holds for the upcoming closure of the Grafenrheinfeld nuclear power plant in 2015. Questions of scrapping old nuclear power plants and of long-term storage of radioactive waste have been ignored for a long time, they need to be addressed urgently now.

"Triple Bottom Line (TBL or 3BL) was coined as a wide and inspiring approach for businesses aimed at understanding how to create, track and manage economic, social, and environmental value added. The sustainability sector is strongly increasing its relevance among academics and practitioners, and the market opportunities associated with the Sustainable Development Goals are estimated in over $12 trillion per year by 2030. Although this is a promising context, a recent article suggested a rethinking of the TBL, arguing that sustainability goals' value should not be assessed in terms of profit and loss, but of people wellbeing and planet health, looking for a societal profit. Technology plays a crucial role in our society. Respectively, the Agenda 21 and the Paris Agreement consider technology to be essential in the pursue of the sustainable development and the achievement of the SDGs. Adding to this, the Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of digital solution in several field, from the way of working to the way of buying and consuming. Companies are becoming more aware of the responsibility they have with the environmental and human context, and people are looking for a work reflecting their values and purposes to motive them. This book aims to contribute to the understanding on the role of technology and its emerging and innovative solutions in the achievement of a sustainable development while making profit. It will be of value to researchers, academics, practitioners, and students in the fields of strategic management, entrepreneurship, management of technology and innovation, and sustainable development"--

Intro -- Contents -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- 1 Introduction -- Motivation -- Objectives and Scope -- Theoretical Framework. Epistemological Framework in the Realm of Economics and Public Policy. "Economics Above Politics"/ "Politics Above Economics" -- Research Question -- Methodology -- References -- Part I Multilevel and Sectoral Policies -- 2 Introduction. How Multilevel Governance Affects Spatial Planning and Health -- The 2030 Agenda. Distinction Between Binding and Nonbinding Legal Instruments -- From Principles to Laws: Compliance, Implementation and Effectiveness -- Nonbinding Instruments: Opportunities and Challenges for Health and Urban-Related Policies -- References -- 3 Health -- Health EU -- DG SANTE and the European Semester -- EU Health Programmes (2003-2020) and the EU4Health (2021-2027) Turning Point -- European Semester Recommendations (2010-2019) -- Health PT -- To Compare Health Guidelines Before 2004 -- Changes and Priority Areas Introduced by the First National Health Plan (2004-2010) -- The Ongoing National Health Plan (2012-2016) and the First National Plan for Mental Health (2007-2016) Both Extended Up Until 2020 -- Conclusion (Tensions and Solutions) -- References -- 4 Spatial and Urban Planning -- Spatial and Urban Planning in the European Union -- EU Cohesion as Regional Policy, from the Treaty of Rome (1958) up Until 2007 -- The Emergence of "Territorial Cohesion" in Key EU Documents in the Midst of the 2008 Financial Crisis, 2007-2009 -- From an EU Cohesion Policy Based on Regional Cohesion to an Urban-Centred Cohesion Policy, Since 2009 -- Spatial and Urban Planning in Portugal -- Grassroots Spatial Planning: Brief Account from the Nineteenth Century up Until 2007.

Front Cover -- MEASURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS PERFORMANCE -- MEASURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS PERFORMANCE -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Introduction -- RECENT INITIATIVES -- ANALYTICAL TREATMENT -- THE COVID-19 CHALLENGE AND THE GREAT RESET -- I - MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS -- Overview -- One - Economic growth and sustainability∗ -- 1.1 Gross domestic product and beyond -- 1.2 Doubting the blessings of economic growth -- 1.3 The millennium development goals and the 2030 agenda for sustainable development -- 1.4 The SDG welfare function -- 1.5 Calculating the effectiveness of policy -- 1.6 A brief numerical look -- 1.7 The frontier -- 1.8 Subfrontier nations -- 1.9 Interpretation -- 1.10 Concluding thoughts -- Two - Diagnostics for economic and social policy -- 2.1 International initiatives -- 2.2 Tinbergen on economic policy -- 2.3 Goals of economic and social policy -- 2.4 The policy parameters -- 2.5 The effectiveness of economic and social policy -- 2.6 Data envelopment analysis -- 2.7 Constructing the frontier -- 2.8 The mathematics of data envelopment analysis -- Three - Before and after the pandemic: a dashboard of sustainable development goal metrics for assessing individual ... -- 3.1 Dimensions of individual well-being -- 3.2 Successes and failures -- 3.3 The political impact of the sustainable development goals -- 3.4 The list of policy instruments -- 3.5 A first look at the computing results: Pareto optimal OECD nations -- 3.6 Disequilibrium: the deficit countries -- 3.7 Asking questions -- 3.8 The COVID-19 pandemic: a tentative cognitive map of causes and effects -- 3.9 Official measures of the spread of the virus -- 3.10 A numerical illustration: expanded frontier calculations incorporating the virus survival rate as a sustainable development ... -- Four - Disequilibrium and chaos.