Companies seeking to secure their competitive advantage in a present competitive environment use legal instruments that are provided by the legislator – they register patents, secure commercial secrets, assure that employees obtaining confidential information would not be tempted by competitors while being employed in the company or after the termination of the employment relations. All this allows to secure commercial achievements, investments in intellectual capital of the company, protection of relations and contractual conditions with suppliers and sellers
Companies seeking to secure their competitive advantage in a present competitive environment use legal instruments that are provided by the legislator – they register patents, secure commercial secrets, assure that employees obtaining confidential information would not be tempted by competitors while being employed in the company or after the termination of the employment relations. All this allows to secure commercial achievements, investments in intellectual capital of the company, protection of relations and contractual conditions with suppliers and sellers
This article discusses a relevant topic in Lithuania's contract law – the conception of public contract and its development. Due to the analysis of various laws, doctrine and precedents, the article provides with coherent understanding about agreements for public purchase and utility services as well as their evolution in the Lithuanian law system. It is needful to stress that the debates on State involvement in the modern market and its participation in the economy and society are still up to date, due to it this article examines what is the proper degree of state intervention in commercial relationship and what type of legislation would be beneficial for both – supplier and consumer. The most important principle in contract law – freedom of contract, which is a cornerstone of wealth maximization, is also discussed in this article. Futhermore, with a purpose to reveal the state's attitude to the intersection of this principle and public interest, the examination of relationship between public interest and freedom of contract is presented. The article also examines the EU competition law policy and legislation in controlling the business with a dominant market power, as well as assuring the social welfare of other party and consumers. What is more, the clear comparison of Lithuania's and other countries' governmental regulation on public or administrative contracts is also provided here. Finally, the author puts forward some conclusions on key questions of public contracts and it usefulness for Lithuania's law system.
This article discusses a relevant topic in Lithuania's contract law – the conception of public contract and its development. Due to the analysis of various laws, doctrine and precedents, the article provides with coherent understanding about agreements for public purchase and utility services as well as their evolution in the Lithuanian law system. It is needful to stress that the debates on State involvement in the modern market and its participation in the economy and society are still up to date, due to it this article examines what is the proper degree of state intervention in commercial relationship and what type of legislation would be beneficial for both – supplier and consumer. The most important principle in contract law – freedom of contract, which is a cornerstone of wealth maximization, is also discussed in this article. Futhermore, with a purpose to reveal the state's attitude to the intersection of this principle and public interest, the examination of relationship between public interest and freedom of contract is presented. The article also examines the EU competition law policy and legislation in controlling the business with a dominant market power, as well as assuring the social welfare of other party and consumers. What is more, the clear comparison of Lithuania's and other countries' governmental regulation on public or administrative contracts is also provided here. Finally, the author puts forward some conclusions on key questions of public contracts and it usefulness for Lithuania's law system.
This article discusses a relevant topic in Lithuania's contract law – the conception of public contract and its development. Due to the analysis of various laws, doctrine and precedents, the article provides with coherent understanding about agreements for public purchase and utility services as well as their evolution in the Lithuanian law system. It is needful to stress that the debates on State involvement in the modern market and its participation in the economy and society are still up to date, due to it this article examines what is the proper degree of state intervention in commercial relationship and what type of legislation would be beneficial for both – supplier and consumer. The most important principle in contract law – freedom of contract, which is a cornerstone of wealth maximization, is also discussed in this article. Futhermore, with a purpose to reveal the state's attitude to the intersection of this principle and public interest, the examination of relationship between public interest and freedom of contract is presented. The article also examines the EU competition law policy and legislation in controlling the business with a dominant market power, as well as assuring the social welfare of other party and consumers. What is more, the clear comparison of Lithuania's and other countries' governmental regulation on public or administrative contracts is also provided here. Finally, the author puts forward some conclusions on key questions of public contracts and it usefulness for Lithuania's law system.
This article discusses a relevant topic in Lithuania's contract law – the conception of public contract and its development. Due to the analysis of various laws, doctrine and precedents, the article provides with coherent understanding about agreements for public purchase and utility services as well as their evolution in the Lithuanian law system. It is needful to stress that the debates on State involvement in the modern market and its participation in the economy and society are still up to date, due to it this article examines what is the proper degree of state intervention in commercial relationship and what type of legislation would be beneficial for both – supplier and consumer. The most important principle in contract law – freedom of contract, which is a cornerstone of wealth maximization, is also discussed in this article. Futhermore, with a purpose to reveal the state's attitude to the intersection of this principle and public interest, the examination of relationship between public interest and freedom of contract is presented. The article also examines the EU competition law policy and legislation in controlling the business with a dominant market power, as well as assuring the social welfare of other party and consumers. What is more, the clear comparison of Lithuania's and other countries' governmental regulation on public or administrative contracts is also provided here. Finally, the author puts forward some conclusions on key questions of public contracts and it usefulness for Lithuania's law system.
Work item - voluntary agreements on energy efficiency. Working the problem - it is necessary to the implementation of the EU Directive, while Lithuania is not disbanded the possibility of the use of voluntary agreements for the implementation of energy efficiency improvement goal. The aim - to evaluate the use of voluntary agreements and the experience of other countries to determine their potential use in Lithuania. Job tasks: analyze and structure the scientific, theoretical and empirical literature dealing with voluntary agreements; Practice the use of voluntary agreements in other countries; Investigate the energy consumption trends in Lithuania; analyze the Lithuanian legal framework, and the laws governing voluntary agreements; Make corporate investigations, and to clarify the use of voluntary agreements in Lithuania. Hypothesis - voluntary agreements on energy efficiency development in Lithuania is hampered by lack of practice on voluntary environmental policies, low awareness and lack of law basis. The work consists of three main parts. The first reviews the scientific literature relating to voluntary agreements, and their experiences. The second reviews the EU's policy to improve energy efficiency, and voluntary agreements on energy efficiency implementation of the results of the EU. I also analyzed in this part of energy consumption trends in Lithuania. The third part, the corporate results of the survey questionnaire and discussed the possibility of the use of voluntary agreements in Lithuania. All the work consists of 53 pages, the work contains 15 pictures and 6 of the table. The attached summary of the work, and 2 accessories. The work was initially put forward a hypothesis that voluntary agreements on energy efficiency development in Lithuania is hampered by lack of practice on voluntary environmental policies, low awareness and lack of law basis. After the questionnaire investigation, the legal framework analysis, and voluntary agreements analysis of other countries, raised hypothesis can be confirmed.
Work item - voluntary agreements on energy efficiency. Working the problem - it is necessary to the implementation of the EU Directive, while Lithuania is not disbanded the possibility of the use of voluntary agreements for the implementation of energy efficiency improvement goal. The aim - to evaluate the use of voluntary agreements and the experience of other countries to determine their potential use in Lithuania. Job tasks: analyze and structure the scientific, theoretical and empirical literature dealing with voluntary agreements; Practice the use of voluntary agreements in other countries; Investigate the energy consumption trends in Lithuania; analyze the Lithuanian legal framework, and the laws governing voluntary agreements; Make corporate investigations, and to clarify the use of voluntary agreements in Lithuania. Hypothesis - voluntary agreements on energy efficiency development in Lithuania is hampered by lack of practice on voluntary environmental policies, low awareness and lack of law basis. The work consists of three main parts. The first reviews the scientific literature relating to voluntary agreements, and their experiences. The second reviews the EU's policy to improve energy efficiency, and voluntary agreements on energy efficiency implementation of the results of the EU. I also analyzed in this part of energy consumption trends in Lithuania. The third part, the corporate results of the survey questionnaire and discussed the possibility of the use of voluntary agreements in Lithuania. All the work consists of 53 pages, the work contains 15 pictures and 6 of the table. The attached summary of the work, and 2 accessories. The work was initially put forward a hypothesis that voluntary agreements on energy efficiency development in Lithuania is hampered by lack of practice on voluntary environmental policies, low awareness and lack of law basis. After the questionnaire investigation, the legal framework analysis, and voluntary agreements analysis of other countries, raised hypothesis can be confirmed.
Agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, with a substantial impact on the economic and social processes. Agriculture to the economy of Lithuania increased agricultural traditions and favorable natural conditions; This situation offers good prospects for the country's economic and agricultural development. On the other hand, agriculture is the variety of resources requires the industry in which normal activities require considerable material resources, and the modernization and further development - investments. In order to maintain the competitiveness of Lithuanian households, need to invest in new technologies, techniques and innovative methods of agricultural production. In this way you can get a higher added value and higher quality products.
Agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, with a substantial impact on the economic and social processes. Agriculture to the economy of Lithuania increased agricultural traditions and favorable natural conditions; This situation offers good prospects for the country's economic and agricultural development. On the other hand, agriculture is the variety of resources requires the industry in which normal activities require considerable material resources, and the modernization and further development - investments. In order to maintain the competitiveness of Lithuanian households, need to invest in new technologies, techniques and innovative methods of agricultural production. In this way you can get a higher added value and higher quality products.
Agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, with a substantial impact on the economic and social processes. Agriculture to the economy of Lithuania increased agricultural traditions and favorable natural conditions; This situation offers good prospects for the country's economic and agricultural development. On the other hand, agriculture is the variety of resources requires the industry in which normal activities require considerable material resources, and the modernization and further development - investments. In order to maintain the competitiveness of Lithuanian households, need to invest in new technologies, techniques and innovative methods of agricultural production. In this way you can get a higher added value and higher quality products.
Agriculture is one of the key elements of the national economy, with a substantial impact on the economic and social processes. Agriculture to the economy of Lithuania increased agricultural traditions and favorable natural conditions; This situation offers good prospects for the country's economic and agricultural development. On the other hand, agriculture is the variety of resources requires the industry in which normal activities require considerable material resources, and the modernization and further development - investments. In order to maintain the competitiveness of Lithuanian households, need to invest in new technologies, techniques and innovative methods of agricultural production. In this way you can get a higher added value and higher quality products.
The master thesis "Void Arbitration Agreement" analyses the recognition of void arbitration agreement in accordance with case law as well as international and national legislation. The purpose of the master thesis is to evaluate the legislation in force, drawing attention to the fundamental theoretical and practical problems of void arbitration agreement, and to propose possible solutions. Compared to Western Europe, the United States and Canada, arbitration as a method of dispute resolution in Lithuania is not as popular. It is however growing in popularity amongst commercial entities as alternative method of dispute resolution. It is known that a valid arbitration agreement is required when trying to achieve dispute resolution in arbitration regardless of whether the arbitration is international or local, ad hoc or institutional. Moreover, the void arbitration agreement is one of the grounds of setting aside the arbitral award or refusing the recognition or enforcement of the foreign arbitral award. In order to analyse the issue of invalidity of arbitration agreement further, the master thesis is divided into four parts. The first and second parts of the thesis are more theoretical in nature. They focus on the problems of interpretation and application of the notion of the arbitration agreement. Furthermore, they discuss the most important principles and categories of the arbitration agreement. The institute of nullity of a contract and the differences between absolutely voidable (null) and relatively voidable (disputable) contracts are also investigated. In the third and fourth parts the author analyses in detail such grounds of invalidity of the arbitration agreement as non-arbitrability of the dispute, incapacity of the parties of the arbitration agreement, defective form and content of the arbitration agreement. Moreover, the principle of the autonomy of the arbitration clause in relation to the main contract and the impact of nullity of main contract on the validity of arbitration agreement is analysed. And then to complete the master thesis an exhaustive analysis of Lithuanian case law and the application and interpretation of current legislation by the courts follows. The fourth part specifically focuses on the challenges faced to validate the arbitration agreement in the arbitration and the national court. In summary, the analysis of the legislation and case law reveals that Lithuanian courts regularly apply the principle in favor contractus to the validity of arbitration agreement. However, some contradictions of the case law can be seen; the legislation on arbitration agreement is not always applied in consistent and uniform way. In conclusion, some recommendations on the improvement of the existing legislation and solving practical problems are provided.
The master thesis "Void Arbitration Agreement" analyses the recognition of void arbitration agreement in accordance with case law as well as international and national legislation. The purpose of the master thesis is to evaluate the legislation in force, drawing attention to the fundamental theoretical and practical problems of void arbitration agreement, and to propose possible solutions. Compared to Western Europe, the United States and Canada, arbitration as a method of dispute resolution in Lithuania is not as popular. It is however growing in popularity amongst commercial entities as alternative method of dispute resolution. It is known that a valid arbitration agreement is required when trying to achieve dispute resolution in arbitration regardless of whether the arbitration is international or local, ad hoc or institutional. Moreover, the void arbitration agreement is one of the grounds of setting aside the arbitral award or refusing the recognition or enforcement of the foreign arbitral award. In order to analyse the issue of invalidity of arbitration agreement further, the master thesis is divided into four parts. The first and second parts of the thesis are more theoretical in nature. They focus on the problems of interpretation and application of the notion of the arbitration agreement. Furthermore, they discuss the most important principles and categories of the arbitration agreement. The institute of nullity of a contract and the differences between absolutely voidable (null) and relatively voidable (disputable) contracts are also investigated. In the third and fourth parts the author analyses in detail such grounds of invalidity of the arbitration agreement as non-arbitrability of the dispute, incapacity of the parties of the arbitration agreement, defective form and content of the arbitration agreement. Moreover, the principle of the autonomy of the arbitration clause in relation to the main contract and the impact of nullity of main contract on the validity of arbitration agreement is analysed. And then to complete the master thesis an exhaustive analysis of Lithuanian case law and the application and interpretation of current legislation by the courts follows. The fourth part specifically focuses on the challenges faced to validate the arbitration agreement in the arbitration and the national court. In summary, the analysis of the legislation and case law reveals that Lithuanian courts regularly apply the principle in favor contractus to the validity of arbitration agreement. However, some contradictions of the case law can be seen; the legislation on arbitration agreement is not always applied in consistent and uniform way. In conclusion, some recommendations on the improvement of the existing legislation and solving practical problems are provided.
