Agriculture, Rural village and Peasants (ARP) represent the production structure, social structure and cultural structure (3S) of rural China for thousands of years in its trinity. To find the long roots of Chinese civilization and to feel the creativity, splendour, diversity and regionality of Chinese traditional culture, it must be in the countryside relating to the ARP. However, China's rural areas have been constantly challenged by political, economic, technological changes and other cultures interruption. Especially after decades of modernization and urbanization, the three structural relationships of rural traditional harmony are gradually being resolved. The originality of the rural tradition and the cultural accumulation it bears are facing extinction. For a nation whose culture has been passed down for thousands of years, this will be an irreparable and huge loss. Fortunately, in 2005 the central government put forward the slogan of "Beautiful Villages", emphasizing the need to build beautiful and livable villages for farmers. The government's authorities have issued a series of support policies for this purpose. The national standard for "Beautiful Villages" was introduced in 2015. It supports the village protection and development plans for the newly established list of traditional Chinese villages and supports the pilots of rescue protection in various places. It requires traditional villages to rely on historical and cultural resources reasonably to carry out various development models such as cultural creativity, popular science education and leisure tourism. From the macro-level of management, it is proposed that government-led, government-invested, unified planning, development, management, management and management rights should be unified. At the same time as the promotion of cultural relics protection and basic implementation, attention is paid to protecting the interests of the people and social benefits. Over the past years, all sectors of society, including some enterprises and institutions, have responded positively, forming various forms of practice in rural villages protection and development. For example "characteristic vernacular villages", "characteristic folk villages", "modern new villages", "historical ancient villages", etc. They mainly make some useful attempts to solve various problems faced by the countryside through the combination of rural tourism, leisure agriculture and ecological agriculture. However, most of these practices are based on direct input from external funds and management. Many of them fail to reach out to the current issues of the ARP, and unable to face the problems of a poor 3S relationship. Therefore, how to combine the protection of the "post-cultural heritage" of the countryside with the exploration of the new form of the ARP and reconstruction of the 3S relationship under the new historical conditions and opportunities has become the theoretical and practical issues of rural protection and development. To realize the goal of "Beautiful Villages", it is very necessary to take action at both levels of strategic thinking and practical approach. It is necessary to make forward-looking explorations and practices in accordance with the actual conditions of rural areas in different regions.
In the past two decades, China has achieved world renown for reducing rural poverty. However, it is becoming harder to reduce poverty and inequality further in China, even though its economy continues to grow. This report compares the impact specific rural public investments can have on promoting growth and reducing poverty and inequality. Returns to these investments are calculated for the nation as a whole and for three economic zones in the west, central, and coastal regions of the country. Government expenditures that have the highest impact on poverty and growth include education, agricultural research and development, and rural infrastructure (roads, electricity, and telecommunications). Notably, spending on irrigation and anti-poverty loans had minimal impact. The report discusses the implications of these findings for setting future priorities for government investment. It also suggests avenues for future research and calls for a better understanding of how to improve the effectiveness of public resources. This report will be of interest to professionals involved in rural poverty reduction, rural development, agricultural growth, food security, and public investment policy. ; PR ; IFPRI1; GRP3; Theme 9; Public Policy and Investment
柔性臂機械人被廣泛應用於航天航空業,製造業,核電廠,軍事,醫療器材和農業等各方面的機械設備。其中一種柔性臂機械人 ── 連續體機器人更是廣泛被應用於微創或無創手術機械人作機械手之用。 ; 本文提出以小尺寸連續體機器人可用於手術機械人中以協助醫生完成各無創手術,並以我們研發的手術機械人為例以協助醫生完成內黏膜下剝離術。我們探討了小尺寸連續體機器人的模型並分析其運作。小尺寸連續體機器人是由一個推挽機構致動,推挽機構於連續體機器人後方拉動形狀記憶合金線,前方的連續結構會以對應的彎曲運動實現控制的指令。 ; 現今常用於簡化連續結構模型的假設是假設連續結構上每一小段的曲率皆是相同。雖然連續部分的運動學模型和靜態模型是可預測,但連續的機器人是一種柔性的結構,其基於運動學模型控制的精確度是低的。我們亦不能完全以數學方式模擬所有連續體機器人的動作。因此,本文提出了使用回饋實際彎曲角度和理想彎曲角度的差距以實現連續機器人的精確閉環控制。根據我們提出的閉環控制,小尺寸連續體機器人的平均誤差可大幅減少。 ; Flexible manipulator is extensively used in various robotic applications, for example, aerospace and outer space industries, manufacturing industries, nuclear plants, military, surgery and agriculture. Specifically, continuum structure is a type of flexible manipulators widely adopted in minimally invasive surgical (MIS) applications. This dissertation presents the modelling and analysis of a continuum robot, which has tendon-sheath mechanism at the front end and the continuum section at the distal end, in an assistive robotic system. One of the application of the assistive robotic system is supporting Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The small size continuum section is actuated by a push-pull mechanism to effectuate a two degrees of freedom (DoF) bending motion. Simplified models of the continuum section based on extensions of previous theories assuming constant curvature are presented. The modeled-predicted kinematics and statics of the continuum section can be readily verified by motion trackingsystem. ; Since the continuum robot is a flexible structure, the accuracy is low when the control of continuum robot is solely based on the kinematics model. To reduce the reliance of the exact model that describes the motion of each part of the continuum robot, this dissertation presents an idea to use the position feedback to relax the reliance on the exact model to achieve an accurate closed-loop control of the continuum robot. The actual bending angle of the continuum robot is captured by the optical tracking system. The difference between the desired position and ...
