Suchergebnisse

Rapport en libre accès, disponible en ligne : http://www.agropolis.fr/publications/agricultures-familiales-dossier-thematique-agropolis-international.php ; Rapports ; Les agricultures familiales constituent la très grande majorité des agricultures du monde, la première source d'emploi en milieu rural et le premier fournisseur de biens alimentaires.Elles sont à l'honneur sur la scène internationale avec la proclamation par l'Organisation des Nations Unies de l'année 2014 « Année internationale de l'agriculture familiale » ; c'est l'occasion pour la communauté scientifique d'Agropolis International de témoigner de son fort engagement, depuis de nombreuses années, en matière de recherche« sur » et « pour » les agricultures familiales.Ce dossier présente 21 unités de recherche de la région Languedoc-Roussillon regroupant plus de 1000 chercheurs qui se mobilisent, à travers tout ou partie de leurs activités, pour répondre, avec de nombreux partenaires, aux grands enjeux posés par le modèle des agricultures familiales, en France et dans le monde.Quatre approches pluridisciplinaires sont développées par les scientifiques pour aborder les problématiques relatives aux agricultures familiales : - l'étude des dynamiques économiques, organisationnelles et sociales au coeur desquelles les agricultures familiales se situent ; - l'étude et la conception de systèmes techniques de production agricole et d'élevage adaptés dans le but de renforcer une production agricole durable sans bouleverser le monde rural ; - la gestion des ressources naturelles et de la biodiversité, pour laquelle les agricultures familiales jouent un rôle primordial ; - l'accompagnement des agriculteurs en matière d'innovation ou de gestion des ressources et l'analyse des interactions entre les politiques publiques et les dynamiques des acteurs locaux ou territoriaux.Ce dossier donne également la parole à trois institutions de recherche étrangères ou internationales implantées à Montpellier, très impliquées dans le développement de la petite agriculture dans les pays du Sud, en partenariat avec les équipes régionales.Enfin, il recense les formations en lien avec les agricultures familiales, diplômantes ou non, proposées par les établissements membres d'Agropolis International. Ce dossier d'Agropolis International est labellisé dans le cadre de la proclamation par l'Organisation des Nations Unies de l'année 2014 « Année internationale de l'agriculture familiale »

Rapport en libre accès, disponible en ligne : http://www.agropolis.fr/publications/agricultures-familiales-dossier-thematique-agropolis-international.php ; Rapports ; Les agricultures familiales constituent la très grande majorité des agricultures du monde, la première source d'emploi en milieu rural et le premier fournisseur de biens alimentaires.Elles sont à l'honneur sur la scène internationale avec la proclamation par l'Organisation des Nations Unies de l'année 2014 « Année internationale de l'agriculture familiale » ; c'est l'occasion pour la communauté scientifique d'Agropolis International de témoigner de son fort engagement, depuis de nombreuses années, en matière de recherche« sur » et « pour » les agricultures familiales.Ce dossier présente 21 unités de recherche de la région Languedoc-Roussillon regroupant plus de 1000 chercheurs qui se mobilisent, à travers tout ou partie de leurs activités, pour répondre, avec de nombreux partenaires, aux grands enjeux posés par le modèle des agricultures familiales, en France et dans le monde.Quatre approches pluridisciplinaires sont développées par les scientifiques pour aborder les problématiques relatives aux agricultures familiales : - l'étude des dynamiques économiques, organisationnelles et sociales au coeur desquelles les agricultures familiales se situent ; - l'étude et la conception de systèmes techniques de production agricole et d'élevage adaptés dans le but de renforcer une production agricole durable sans bouleverser le monde rural ; - la gestion des ressources naturelles et de la biodiversité, pour laquelle les agricultures familiales jouent un rôle primordial ; - l'accompagnement des agriculteurs en matière d'innovation ou de gestion des ressources et l'analyse des interactions entre les politiques publiques et les dynamiques des acteurs locaux ou territoriaux.Ce dossier donne également la parole à trois institutions de recherche étrangères ou internationales implantées à Montpellier, très impliquées dans le développement de la petite agriculture dans les pays du Sud, en partenariat avec les équipes régionales.Enfin, il recense les formations en lien avec les agricultures familiales, diplômantes ou non, proposées par les établissements membres d'Agropolis International. Ce dossier d'Agropolis International est labellisé dans le cadre de la proclamation par l'Organisation des Nations Unies de l'année 2014 « Année internationale de l'agriculture familiale »

Ouvrage disponible en ligne à l'URL : http://publications.cta.int/media/publications/downloads/1839_PDF_PYW9OuW.pdf ; International audience

Ce compte-rendu de l'atelier de travail organisé par le programme Agricultures familiales les 2 et 3 février 1998, quelques semaines après son lancement officiel, a pour objectif de faire connaître son domaine d'intervention et ses principaux thèmes d'investissement de recherche. Il a d'abord une vocation interne. Il restitue les différents exposés prononcés, à savoir : une présentation générale des orientations du programme ; plusieurs expériences thématiques ou géographiques qui constituent en quelque sorte son patrimoine de départ ; le résumé des interventions présentées par les invités extérieurs ; et enfin les principaux éléments de conclusion

L'agriculture intelligente face au climat (climate-smart agriculture – CSA) a comme objectifs d'être adaptée au changement climatique et de l'atténuer, tout en contribuant de manière durable à la sécurité alimentaire. Né en 2010 à l'initiative de la FAO, le concept a fait école et se décline désormais en diverses pratiques qui prennent en compte ces objectifs de manière différente. Les pratiques agroécologiques de couverture permanente du sol, par des arbres ou des cultures, sont parmi les plus courantes. Mais la CSA prétend aussi être une approche plus large permettant de répondre aux enjeux du changement climatique par des politiques publiques et des financements innovants. Défini par des objectifs et non pas par les moyens d'atteindre ces objectifs, le concept de CSA pose aussi question, notamment sur la possibilité d'assurer simultanément ses trois objectifs et sur le risque d'encourager un productivisme déguisé qui ne respecterait ni l'environnement ni les agriculteurs. L'initiative " 4 ‰, les sols pour la sécurité alimentaire et le climat " reprend les objectifs de la CSA en insistant sur l'atténuation du changement climatique par l'augmentation de la teneur en carbone du sol. Tout en étant un concept qui demande encore à faire ses preuves, la CSA est une approche de l'agriculture originale et compatible avec les enjeux du changement climatique.

In the European Union, society demands quality and safe agricultural products.

Between now and 2050, the world's population will increase by one-third. Most of these additional 2 billion people will live in developing countries. At the same time, more people will be living in cities. If current income and consumption growth trends continue, FAO estimates that agricultural production will have to increase by 60 percent by 2050 to satisfy the expected demands for food and feed. Agriculture must therefore transform itself if it is to feed a growing global population and provide the basis for economic growth and poverty reduction. Climate change will make this task more difficult under a business-as-usual scenario, due to adverse impacts on agriculture, requiring spiralling adaptation and related costs. To achieve food security and agricultural development goals, adaptation to climate change and lower emission intensities per output will be necessary. This transformation must be accomplished without depletion of the natural resource base. Climate change is already having an impact on agriculture and food security as a result of increased prevalence of extreme events and increased unpredictability of weather patterns. This can lead to reductions in production and lower incomes in vulnerable areas. These changes can also affect global food prices. Developing countries and smallholder farmers and pastoralists in particular are being especially hard hit by these changes. Many of these small-scale producers are already coping with a degraded natural resource base. They often lack knowledge about potential options for adapting their production systems and have limited assets and risk-taking capacity to access and use technologies and financial services. Enhancing food security while contributing to mitigate climate change and preserving the natural resource base and vital ecosystem services requires the transition to agricultural production systems that are more productive, use inputs more efficiently, have less variability and greater stability in their outputs, and are more resilient to risks, shocks and long-term climate variability. More productive and more resilient agriculture requires a major shift in the way land, water, soil nutrients and genetic resources are managed to ensure that these resources are used more efficiently. Making this shift requires considerable changes in national and local governance, legislation, policies and financial mechanisms. This transformation will also involve improving producers' access to markets. By reducing greenhouse gas emissions per unit of land and/or agricultural product and increasing carbon sinks, these changes will contribute significantly to the mitigation of climate change.

A research paper on irrigation in Botswana, presented at the Fourth Annual Conference on Food Security In Southern Africa, 31 October - 3 November, 1988. ; Botswana's population was estimated at 1,212,000 in 1988 and is growing at around 3.4% per year. About 50% of the population is below the age of 15. The majority of the population live in rural areas. Many able-bodied men and women in both the rural and urban areas are either underemployed or unemployed. At present about 25% of Botswana's labour force (most of whom are in town) are unemployed. Per capita agricultural production is lagging behind the population growth rate, and employment-generation in the sector is frustratingly low. The hostile physical environment is partly responsible for the poor performance of agriculture. The recent political decision to develop irrigated agriculture is linked to the disappointing performance of rain-fed agriculture and the incapability of the livestock sub-sector, and the mining and manufacturing sectors to generate jobs and raise incomes of rural households.

Not Available ; YNDIA has 2.4o / o of rhe world's Ig.ogrrphical are,r and 4o / o of water resources but has to support L7 and l5o / o ol the s - orld's human and 15% of the lir - estock population. Agriculture contributes 14% to the nation's GDP. Productivity in agriculture depends greatly on availabilin' .and judicious use of farm power sources ald use of improved agricultural implements and machines. Aqricultural machines increase productir - in' of labour by meedng rimelinc \ \ \ \ ot' lr] - rm operations and enables efficient utilization of inputs such as seeds end fertilizers. During 1960 - 61. major contribution in farm po \ \ \ \ - er u'as from animate power (92.309o,. tt'her,''rs in 2009 - 10 )major share 86.8596 u'as tiom mechanical and electrical pou - er. during u hich mcrn t'rrm po \ \ \ \ 'cr availabil - in'has increased at a CAGR of 4.58o / o tiom 0.20 k \ \ \ \ - ha to 1.73 kW / ha. Fos'eler. the contribution from draft animal and agriculture labour source had gone dou'n drasticallv in this period. Thus. there is a need for mechanization of ferm. particulariv small ard marsiral t - arms in drvland areas for enhancing efficiency of resources. But many farmers still feel the implements are cosdy to procure on dreir own.Therefore, the government policies support for easy procurement process of agriculture machinery under subsidy scheme, better spare parts and serwice availabiliry in nrral areas and farmers centered approach in establishing and running custom hiring centers are some of the issues that need to be addressed to promote small farm mechanization at faster phase. Effective utilization of avaiiable farm power to enhance farm mech.mization acdvities in a country requires minimum scale or size of farms. At present in India, small and rnarginal farmers comprise about 84o / o of cultivators and their inadequate financial strength excludes them from the fold of farm mechanization. As a ct - rnsequence, in the last decade (200f - 2010) farm po \ \ \ \ 'er groudr rate recorded 2.0o / o of CAGR, u.hich is less than half of the lonq term mean grourdr rate. To deal u'id - r a huge chunk of such small land holders and to increase farm mechanization in the countr \ \ ,, a cautious approach is essential in selection of appropriate implernents and machinerv technologies needed and transter of technologies at lorv cost. In this paper some such technologies usetul to small farms and its transfer issues are briefly described. ; Not Available

Botswana, a middle-income country, is experiencing a sluggish economic growth and a rapid urbanisation which has brought in its wake high unemployment, poverty and food insecurity. This has led some people to engage in subsistence and commercial urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) to address these problems. However, in spite of its known advantages, uptake of UPA has been low for a number of reasons including: high GDP before the economic meltdown of recent years; a harsh climate; lack of water; poor access to land; and over-reliance on generous government handouts. Nevertheless, the extent of its practice and its contribution to food security – albeit modest – shows that it is a sector that needs to be encouraged and supported. Both central and local government can play a big role by providing land and infrastructure, and also by implementing an enabling policy and regulatory environment which promotes small- and medium-scale urban food production.

Solar photovoltaic (SPV) pumps are a robust and well-accepted technology today, some important reasons being a drop in photovoltaic prices and development in power electronics components used in the system. SPV pumps are being promoted to reduce fossil fuel usage through reduction in diesel consumption and the attendant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, to address the shortfall in grid connectivity, and, to provide improved livelihood opportunities for poor farmers. The objective of the solar electrification in agriculture is to improve energy access, replace diesel pumps and deploy solar technology in rural areas. This paper addresses all issues related to solar electrification in agriculture. A case study was conducted for two adjacent districts, Akola and Buldhana. Also different schemes of Government of Maharashtra are discussed.

A report presented to the thirtieth Legislature, 1947. ; Mode of access: Internet.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; This article deals with the biotechnology revolution in agriculture and analyzes it in terms of Bernard Stiegler's theory of techno-evolution and his thesis that technologies have an intrinsically pharmacological nature, meaning that they can be both supportive and destructive for sociotechnical practices based on them. Technological innovations always first disrupt existing sociotechnical practices, but are subsequently always appropriated by the social system to be turned into a new technical system upon which new sociotechnical practices are based. As constituted and conditioned by a technical system, human cultures are necessarily systems of care. Humans take care of themselves and the world through technologies. Agriculture is a very old system of care, stable for more than 10,000 years, but at the moment it is experiencing a profound rupture thanks to the invention of genetic engineering technologies, that promise to revolutionize it. However, their current deployment under capitalist conditions everywhere leads to processes of proletarianization, due to the fact that they enable the expropriation of farmers of the means of production, depriving them of the possibility of appropriating these new technologies and frustrating the invention of a new agricultural system of care. This has lead to a widespread rejection of the new technologies, which is a grave error though, as these technologies can become the basis of a new system of care. But only under the condition that they are wrought from corporate control and redeployed instead to initiate a process of deproletarianization. It is argued that current initiatives in open source and commons-based biotech are probably the most promising harbingers of such a process of deproletarianization.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; This article deals with the biotechnology revolution in agriculture and analyzes it in terms of Bernard Stiegler's theory of techno-evolution and his thesis that technologies have an intrinsically pharmacological nature, meaning that they can be both supportive and destructive for sociotechnical practices based on them. Technological innovations always first disrupt existing sociotechnical practices, but are subsequently always appropriated by the social system to be turned into a new technical system upon which new sociotechnical practices are based. As constituted and conditioned by a technical system, human cultures are necessarily systems of care. Humans take care of themselves and the world through technologies. Agriculture is a very old system of care, stable for more than 10,000 years, but at the moment it is experiencing a profound rupture thanks to the invention of genetic engineering technologies, that promise to revolutionize it. However, their current deployment under capitalist conditions everywhere leads to processes of proletarianization, due to the fact that they enable the expropriation of farmers of the means of production, depriving them of the possibility of appropriating these new technologies and frustrating the invention of a new agricultural system of care. This has lead to a widespread rejection of the new technologies, which is a grave error though, as these technologies can become the basis of a new system of care. But only under the condition that they are wrought from corporate control and redeployed instead to initiate a process of deproletarianization. It is argued that current initiatives in open source and commons-based biotech are probably the most promising harbingers of such a process of deproletarianization.

Nous insérant dans la mission interministérielle Agriculture-Finances décidée en 1976 pour étudier l'efficacité des prêts bonifiés du Crédit Agricole., nous avons cherché à apprécier le rôle de l'instrument que constitue le crédit bonifié dans l'évolution des structures des exploitations agricoles. Ceci impliquait pour nous de mettre en rapport l' évolution des caractéristiques structurelles de groupes d'exploitations repérés par des types d'endettement et les objectifs de la politique agricole.