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Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Air Quality Worldwide -- 1. The Global Air Quality Outlook: An Overview -- 2. European Air Quality Is Improving by Reducing Emissions -- 3. China Struggles to Improve Air Quality -- 4. United Arab Emirates Evaluates Air Quality -- 5. Singapore Assesses Air Quality -- 6. Iraq's Pressing Environmental Problems -- 7. Ukraine Cuts CO2 Emissions, but Citizens See Little Difference -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 2: The Health Effects of Air Pollution -- 1. Global Assessment of the Issue of Indoor Air Pollution -- 2. United Kingdom Is Concerned About Deaths Caused by Air Pollution -- 3. India Recognizes the Growing Problem of Indoor Air Pollution -- 4. Central and Southern Asia Deal with a Growing Number of Asthma Sufferers -- 5. Canadian Statistics on Health Problems Caused by Air Pollution Are Problematic -- 6. Mexico City Residents Suffer from a Loss of Smell from Chronic Air Pollution -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 3: The Political and Economical Effects of Air Pollution Policy -- 1. China Is Suspicious of Western Environmental Motives -- 2. Iceland's Erupting Volcano Reflects Political and Economic Strife -- 3. China's Explosive Growth Leads to Environmental Challenges -- 4. Kuwait Formulates a Plan to Alleviate Air Pollution Problems -- 5. Europe Worries That Cleaner Air Accelerates Climate Change -- 6. Hong Kong and Taiwanese Air Pollution Is Exacerbated by Chinese Sandstorms -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Strategies for Reducing Air Pollution -- 1. India Uses Giant Air Purifiers to Alleviate Air Pollution -- 2. Global Scientists Propose Biochar as a Cleaner Energy Source -- 3. Scotland Is in Danger of Becoming a Haven for Polluters

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Tropospheric Aerosols: Sources and Composition -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Aerosols: Definition, Formation and Types -- Deposition of Aerosols -- Characterization of Aerosol Emission -- Emissions of Suspended Particles -- Indicators of Aerosol Emissions -- The Enrichment Factors -- Organic Compounds -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Aerosol Formation and their Reactions in the Air -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Formation of Aerosols -- The Composition of Aerosols Depending on the Particle Size -- Reactions of Aerosols in the Air -- Literature Review of Aerosol Reactions in the Air -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Aerosols and Global Climate Change -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Atmospheric Transport of Aerosols -- Impact of Aerolsols on Climate -- The Radiative Forcing of Aerosols -- Direct and Indirect Aerosol Radiation -- The Impact of Aerosols on Clouds and Precipitation -- The Efects of Aerosols on Meteorological Parameters -- Annual Variations in the Concentration of Black Carbon -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Biomonitoring of Metals and Metalloids by Medicinal Plant Species -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Concentrations of Elements in Wild Medicinal Plants from the Polluted Areas -- The Concentrations of Elements in Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) -- The Concentrations of Elements in Nettle (Urtica dioica L., Urtica urens L.) -- The Concentrations of Elements in Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) -- The Concentrations of Elements in Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon L.) -- The Concentrations of Elements in Plantain (Plantago major L., Plantago media L., Plantago ovata L., Plantago lanceolata L.) -- The Concentrations of Elements in Knotgrass (Polyganum aviculare L.)

Air marshals are heroes in the skies, and readers will enjoy learning what it takes to join the ranks of those who've chosen this career. Detailed text informs readers of the duties, skills, and training required of air marshals. Additional fact boxes and a graphic organizer enhance readers' knowledge of this exciting career path. This volume includes full-color photographs of air marshals hard at work protecting people on airplanes and on the ground. Examples of the heroism of real air marshals show readers what this important career is all about

Intro -- NATIONAL AIR QUALITY: STATUS AND TRENDS -- NATIONAL AIR QUALITY: STATUS AND TRENDS -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: AIR QUALITY: MULTI-POLLUTANT LEGISLATION IN THE 110TH CONGRESS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION'S PROPOSALS -- PROPOSED LEGISLATION AND LEGISLATIVE ACTION IN THE 110TH CONGRESS -- APPENDIX. COMPARISON OF MULTI-POLLUTANT CONTROL PROPOSALS -- Chapter 2: NATIONAL AIR QUALITY: STATUS AND TRENDS THROUGH 2007 -- HIGHLIGHTS -- AIR POLLUTION -- SIX COMMON POLLUTANTS -- GROUND-LEVEL OZONE -- PARTICLE POLLUTION -- LEAD -- TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS -- ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION -- VISIBILITY IN SCENIC AREAS -- CLIMATE CHANGE AND AIR QUALITY -- INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT OF AIR POLLUTION -- Chapter 3: PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5): IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 1997 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS) -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- GEOGRAPHICAL AREA DESIGNATION PROCESS -- DEMONSTRATING ATTAINMENT WITH THE 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS -- RECENT ACTIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR ACHIEVING ATTAINMENT OF THE 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS -- CONGRESSIONAL ACTION RELATED TO PARTICULATES NAAQS IMPLEMENTATION -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS: TIMELINE AND DELAYS -- Chapter 4: 2006 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD FOR FINE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5): DESIGNATING NONATTAINMENT AREAS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- EPA'S 2006 CHANGES TO THE PARTICULATES NAAQS -- DESIGNATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL NONATTAINMENT AREAS -- DEMONSTRATING ATTAINMENT WITH THE 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS -- CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX A. COMPARATIVE TIMELINE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE 1997 AND 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS -- APPENDIX B. COMPARISON OF RECOMMENDED NONATTAINMENT AREAS FOR THE 2006PM2.5 NAAQS AND THE FINAL NONATTAINMENT DESIGNATIONS FOR THE 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS.

Intro -- AIR AMBULANCE: INDUSTRY CHANGES AND SAFETY CONCERNS -- AIR AMBULANCE: INDUSTRY CHANGES AND SAFETY CONCERNS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 AIR AMBULANCE: EFFECTS OF INDUSTRY CHANGES ON SERVICES ARE UNCLEAR -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- Air Ambulance Providers Operate under Three Basic Business Models -- Air Ambulance Providers Receive Revenue from a Variety of Sources, Including Federal Medicare and Medicaid Programs -- THE AIR AMBULANCE INDUSTRY HAS SEEN GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE, BUT PERSPECTIVES DIFFER ON IMPLICATIONS FOR AVAILABILITY, EFFICIENT USE, SAFETY, AND SERVICES PROVIDED -- Growth in the Number of Air Ambulances and Movement of Their Bases into Communities Have Increased Availability -- Literature Indicates That Questions about the Medical Necessity of Some Air Ambulance Transports Have Existed for Decades -- Little Evidence Exists to Link Industry Growth to Safety Concerns -- Perspectives Differ on the Impact of Cost-Related Business Decisions on the Services Provided in Air Ambulances -- Evidence Lacking to Suggest Recent Growth Has Affected Medical Outcomes from Air Transports -- FEDERAL AND STATE COURTS AND DOT HAVE CLARIFIED SOME BOUNDARIES OF FEDERAL AND STATE REGULATION OF AIR AMBULANCES, BUT QUESTIONS REMAIN -- AGENCY AND EXTERNAL COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION -- APPENDIX I. SCOPE AND METHODS -- APPENDIX II. LITERATURE SYNTHESIS -- Step 1. Literature Search -- Step 2. Abstract Review -- Step 3. Synthesis -- Step 4. Bibliography Review -- Step 5. Analysis -- APPENDIX III. KEY COURT CASES AND OPINION LETTERS FROM DOT OR STATE ATTORNEYS GENERAL -- APPENDIX IV: COMMENTS FROM THE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD -- REFERENCES -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 HEARING ON ―OVERSIGHT OF HELICOPTER MEDICAL SERVICES‖ -- PURPOSE OF HEARING -- BACKGROUND -- I. Safety

Intro -- 1 -- 4 -- 5 -- 6b -- 7 -- 8 -- 9 -- 16 -- 19 -- 20 -- 24b -- 27 -- 28b -- 31 -- 34 -- 42 -- 45t -- 10b -- 11 -- 12 -- 13 -- 14b -- 23 -- 33 -- 37 -- 38 -- 39 -- 41 -- 44 -- 18t -- 22t -- 26 -- 30t -- 32t -- 36t -- 40 -- What Happens in an Air Crash? -- The 9/11 Hijacking, 2001 -- The Tenerife Collision, 1977 -- Antarctic Volcano Collision, 1979 -- America's Worst Air Crash, 1979 -- Sucked into the Air, Paris, 1974 -- Indian Collision, 1996 -- Lake Constance Collision, 2002 -- Kinshasa Crash, 1996 -- Mid-Atlantic Crash, 1996 -- Concorde Disaster, 2000 -- The Hindenburg Disaster, 1937 -- Mountain Crash, 1985 -- Looking to the Future