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This chapter provides an overview of the literature on alliances. It discusses the classical scholarship dealing with the formation of alliances and their impact on the international system, but also assesses trending debates on the relationship between alliances and, on the one hand, the maintenance of international order, and on the other, the nature of multinational military interventions. The study of alliances has traditionally focused on states and war, with alliances being a tool with which the former could manage the latter. In recent years, the field has widened, taking into account alliances' evolving and contested relationship to both broader collective security institutions and narrower and supposedly more effective coalitions. As they change in character, alliances will continuously define the frontier between cooperation and conflict and be of central concern to security studies scholars. alliances, coalitions, multinational military interventions, security cooperation, collective security, international order, NATO

The traditional research paradigm represents discoveries flowing linearly from basic science conducted in public institutions to applied research and commercialization undertaken largely by private industry. This characterization fails to accurately portray the nonlinear and chaotic nature of research and development (R&D) processes. Recent United States (U.S.) legislation aimed to promote economic growth through supporting research acknowledges the "blurring of lines" between public and private research activities. Moreover, incentive alignments have recently emerged between public and private interests in life science R&D. In this context, the Berkeley/Novartis strategic alliance is shown to be a collaborative public/private relationship that is sourced in such incentive alignments. It is also argued that this alliance is consistent with the fundamental complementary relationships that formed some of the principles structuring the original foundation for Land Grant universities. ; Includes bibliographical references

On 1 September 1951, representatives of Australia , New Zealand , and the United States met in San Fran cisco to sign a treaty of alliance commonly known as the Anzus pact.1 The signing ceremony had been preceded by two years of sporadic negotiations during which the Australians had pressed hard for joint military planning and discu ssion of global strategy. The Americans, however, had been determined to limit formal security arrangements to the minimum necessary to win the consent of their negotiating partners to the relatively mild peace treaty the United States intended to sign with Japan.2 The American view prevailed, and Anzus thus came into being with a council charged with considering matters related to the implementation of the treaty but with no standing military organization and no integrated military force.

The purpose of this study is to show an alternative model to the clash approaches developed by Huntington and called "Clash of Civilizations". But the main focus of this paper is on "Alliance of Civilizations" that is one of the major attempts of our day to bring different cultures and civilizations together and its effects toward Turkish Foreign Policy. The paper also investigates the future of Turkish Foreign Policy in terms of axis shift discussions. The study's conclusion is that Turkey uses Alliance of Civilizations project to affect his surrounding countries as a soft power tool and this initiative increases the strength and legitimacy of Turkey both in world politics and in the domestic realm.

This article explores a research alliance across fields and continents in the wake of the early and controversial HIV-prevention clinical trials of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Our research set out to understand why three trial arms prematurely closed while another was refused approval from the relevant institutional review board. We conducted ethnographic research on 'what happened' at two of the sites. Over time our research strategy cohered around unearthing and exploring rapidly disappearing knowledge. We analyze insider/outsider politics, the power of global public-private partnerships, and the forms of scientific knowledge (located in African countries) that get left behind in the process.

This thesis is motivated by the growth in and significance of alliances involving transfers of intangible resources and the challenges that these alliances present to traditional management (accounting) planning and control practices. To this end, a field study was conducted in an Australian-Chinese alliance formed between two government research institutes working on a green gas project. This alliance involved the transfer of intangible knowledge-based resources between the Australian and Chinese partners. A field study examining this project considered two research questions: first, 'what networks of actors/actants informs partner selection in a non-monetary cross-national collaborative alliance?' and, second, 'how are the management (accounting) planning and control practices implicated in the functioning of a non-monetary cross-national collaborative alliance?'. These questions were examined using Actor Network Theory. Data were collected via semi-structured interviewing and document study. It was found that partner selection was informed by individual social ties located in university alumni networks, time pressures and political influences. In terms of formal planning and control practices, the contract played an important role regulating this alliance because of its political and symbolic significance. Although there was no monetary exchange between the partners, accounting played a role in regulating the practices of the Australian alliance partner. Budgets were important to the financial justification and administration of the alliance. In relation to socio-ideological forms of control, actors struggled to achieve common understandings and shared values because of a lack of face to face interaction and differences in communication practices. Nonetheless, this alliance was regarded as an example of successful collaboration at the inter-governmental level. The findings from this research have three main implications in terms of how we think about alliances. First, this thesis raises issues relating to the ...

Agro-ecological innovations aim at promoting sustainable agricultural practices that have long term benefits. However, farmers rarely adopt beneficial innovations in agro-ecology despite expressing an understanding of the benefits and a desire to do so. It has been argued that the farmers lack sufficient knowledge to implement complex innovations. We believe that in many cases such knowledge is necessary, but is ultimately insufficient for complex innovation adoption. We argue that in addition to knowledge and a desire to adopt an innovation, many farmers require a collaborative relation with an ally. We call this method the Alliance Approach to innovation. This approach is modeled after the therapeutic Alliance Approach at work in cognitive and behavioral sciences. We argue that using the Alliance Approach will not only prove effective in helping farmers adopt complex agro-ecology innovations, but also a better fit for the human centered development of capability approach human development, as it is likely to enhance both the well-being and agency of the farmers.

I begin with a discussion of globalisation, of New Social Movements and a critique of "identity politics". Taking for granted that actors in social movements want to create alliances, I identify domination/subordination as a possible common bond among actors. Then, I discuss the obstacles to the building of alliances: anger and guilt, denial of responsibility, inability to really listen and hear, rejection of difference. I end by proposing that to build alliances, we must engage in dialogue, that is collective and individual self-reflection, within beloved communities.

The in-depth case study of an alliance termination over a five-year period surrounding the termination of a critical infrastructure industry alliance represents a contribution to organizational scholars' understanding of alliance termination and the political process under which the set of relationships and competition amongst the firms change. The study develops a process theory to explain the termination and the events that unfold following the termination. Termination is suggested to be an important aspect of the change process. By including termination as an antecedent to firm action, both the social movement and institutional entrepreneurship and the literature on alliance processes can benefit from understanding how termination may shape firm routines and relationship formation. ; February 2011

"When Occupy Wall Street (Occupy or OWS) emerged, it seemed that organized labor would be a likely ally. Both aimed at shifting the balance of power between the sources of capital and those of labor. But differences in organizational structures posed large obstacles for any collaboration between these two movements. OWS operated through a method of consensus-based decision-making, prizing participant access and direct democracy. Trade unions generally concentrated their power at the top, where leaders expected disciplined unity from the rank and file. Over the course of several months, efforts were made by both sides to harmonize and collaborate, especially in the lead-up to organizing the May Day events of 2012. This essay analyzes these efforts and describes what each movement had to gain from an alliance. By drawing on extensive field interviews with key voices from Occupy, trade unionists, and rank and file workers, I explore how a future labor movement could be shaped by involvement in OWS. Yet I found that the same limitations that historically kept organized labor from growing in radical and democratic directions also served to keep the OWS spirit at bay. Structural control prevented unions from spontaneous engagement, and cumbersome bureaucratic processes slowed them down when compared with the more fluid and fast-moving OWS activists. However, it was clear to me that union members who did have contact with Occupy saw the potential for change that lay within union culture. Occupiers and union members alike came away from their encounters with OWS with a sharpened appetite for direct democracy and direct action."

This paper briefly reviews the literature on strategic technology alliances (STAs) and networks, allocating the contributions to 'micro' (firm) and 'meso' perspectives (the network). The focus is on a logical reconstruction of important themes in the literature pertaining to the role of STAs in boosting innovation and in promoting the survival and growth of partners and their environments. Overall, the literature points to a quite important role of alliances and networks especially in knowledge-intensive industrial activities combining the production and utilization of technological knowledge for competitiveness and growth. Not unexpectedly, important differences are pointed out in terms of incentives and benefits from alliances across different types of firms and industries. Network structure evolves in accordance with the nature of the industry and with the type of technological advancement sought by participating organizations.

The purposes of this article are twofold: first, to identify certain emerging, still evolving, trends in international relations; and second, to relate those trends to present realities. It will concentrate on the evidence pointing to loose coalitions opposed to the United States and Western democracy generally.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Illinois. ; Bibliography: p. 25. ; Mode of access: Internet.

As a way to of enhancing construction project delivery and improving their construction supply chains, many countries are encouraging their construction industries to embrace partnering. Construction firms in most developing countries are too small to carry out large construction projects alone. Thus, besides partnering between a client and a contractor, there is an incentive for forming alliances between contractors so that the emerging entities can handle large and sophisticated projects that they cannot do individually. Project Alliance (PA) is an agreement where parties enter into an agreement to work cooperatively and to share risk and reward measured against the performance indicators. The objectives of this study are to provide a review on PA concept, analyze different aspects of PAs, describe the success and failure factors of PAs in general, investigate the application of those factors on PAs and provide a thorough recommendation on how to deal and set up PAs in Kuwait construction industry. This study incorporates the components of construction industry (residential, commercial, industrial, infrastructure) in order to provide information that can help implementing PAs in Kuwait. In this study the data was collected using a questionnaire survey to determine the driving factors and potential barriers of PAs implementation in Kuwait construction industry. Driving factors for PAs were found to be governmental support to help establish project alliances, trust between all parties, commitments between all parties, collaboration between all parties, and careful team selection. Top five barriers for PAs were the lack of trust on other parties, hard formation of a single entity, lack of commitment from other parties, lack of early commercial development, and risk challenges. The research will contribute significantly to the fields of partnering by linking various aspects of drivers and barriers and shed light on future work which will examine a better understanding of PAs for the realization of construction projects. Keywords: Kuwait construction industry, Project Alliances, drivers, barriers. ; ÖZ: İnşaat proje tesliminin iyileştirilmesi ve yapım tedarik zincirlerini geliştirmenin bir yolu olarak, birçok ülke inşaat endüstrilerini ortaklığı uygulamalarını teşvik etmektedir. Çoğu gelişmekte olan ülkelerde inşaat firmaları büyük inşaat projelerini yürütmek için çok küçük kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle, müşteri ve yüklenici arasındaki ortaklığın yanısıra gelişmekte olan oluşumların yalnız başlarına başa çıkamadıkları büyük ve sofistike projeleri yürütübilmeleri için yükleniciler arasında da ortaklık oluşturulması için teşvik vardır. Proje Ortaklığı (PO), tarafların işbirliği içinde çalışmaları ve performans göstergelerine karşı ölçülen riski ve ödülü paylaşmaları için anlaşmaya vardıkları bir sözleşmedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı PO üzerine bir incele sunmak, PO'nı farklı yönlerden analiz etmek, genel olarak PO başarı ve başarısızlık faktörlerini tanımlamak, bu faktörlerin PO uygulamasını araştırmak ve Kuveyt inşaat sektöründe PO oluşturmak ve yürütmek için ayrıntılı bir öneri getirmektir. Bu çalışma, Kuveyt'de PO uygulanmasına yardımcı olabilecek bilgileri sağlamak amacıyla inşaat sektörü (konut, ticari, sanayi, altyapı) bileşenlerini içermektedir. Bu çalışmadaki veriler, Kuveyt inşaat sektöründe PO uygulamasındaki itici güçler ve potansiyel engelleri belirlemek için bir anket kullanılarak toplanmıştır. PO itici güçleri olarak , proje ortaklığı kurmaya yadrımcı olmak için devlet desteği, tüm taraflar arasında güven, tüm taraflar arasında taahhütler, tüm taraflar arasında işbirliği ve dikkatli ekip seçimi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. PO engelleri olarak diğer taraflar ararsı güven eksiliği, diğer tarafların taahhüt eksikliği, tek bir varlığın oluşumun zor oluşu, risk zorlukları ve erken ticari gelişme eksikliği ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu araştırma ortaklık alanın çeşitli yönlerine ve uygulamadaki itici güçler ve engellere işaret ederek katkıda bulunacak ve inşaat projelerinin gerçekleştirilmesi için PO'nın daha iyi anlaşılmasını inceleyecek çalışmalara ışık tutacaktır. Anahtar kelimeler: Kuveyt inşaat sektörü, Proje Ortaklıkları, itici güçler, engeller ; Master of Science in Civil Engineering. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2016. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. İbrahim Yitmen.

I develop a model of strategic communication to study information aggregation in an alliance between multiple players. An alliance exhibits four features: i) imperfect private information among players; ii) substitutability in actions; iii) constraints on the action set; and iv) preference heterogeneity (biases). The main result of the paper derives conditions for full information aggregation within the alliance under a public communication protocol. Full information aggregation ensues as long as players' biases are sufficiently cohesive with respect to the constraints on the action set. When players can (costlessly) choose an action set ex ante, I derive the precise conditions on the minimal action set such that there is full information aggregation. Comparative statics uncovers two sources for the differences in the size of the minimal action set between players: bias over outcomes (preference effect) and degree of interdependency (interdependency effect). The results are discussed in the context of burden sharing incentives during military interventions within NATO.