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Develops method of identifying areas of research which should receive priority in federal funding; based on interviews with members of the Committee on a National Strategy for AIDS, a group assembled in 1986 by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences; US. Prospects for scientific progress in five areas; includes data on funds allocated to AIDS research for 1982-87.

The allocation of federal funds among alternative acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) research areas is examined, applying a decision-analytic approach to analyze data from a recent survey of 17 scientists on the prospects for scientific progress in each of 5 areas: basic biology, epidemiology & mathematical modeling, vaccine development & testing, treatment development & testing, & behavioral & social science research. The scientists were able to separate assessments of the progress & potential of research from such factors as the feasibility of interventions & value to society of research outcomes. Experts believe that epidemiology is the most adequately funded research area at the current time & that research in the areas of biology & social & behavioral sciences should be prioritized for new funding, although consensus on such funding disappeared beyond the $ 10 million level. A comparison of the actual fiscal year 1987 AIDS research budget with the budgets recommended by the scientific experts also suggests that basic biological research deserves greater emphasis. 5 Tables, 2 Appendixes, 9 References. Adapted from the source document.

This article addresses the problem that societies face for properly allocating resources to grant security to their members. It examines the methods and ways for setting and distributing these resources to obtain enough military capabilities to face threats. The problem: the choice of an allocation that optimizes social welfare is an old and constant concern for public policies. The main novelty of this article is to explore this problem from the bounded rationality of human beings, i.e. choices made under imperfect information, preferences unsupported by economic rationality or the constrained effectiveness of non-market arrangements for deciding adequately. These issues may drive to allocations that do not obtain the largest welfare. ; 2021-22

The hypothesis is proposed that due to shallow information processing families frequently use an equal-division social decision heuristic in allocating resources. In Study 1 a survey was conducted of a nationwide sample (n=446) and a smaller student sample (n=50) consisting of married or cohabiting participants. In line with our prediction, it was found that allocating part of a monthly income to joint or individual savings followed an equal-division rule. However, choices to maximize joint savings were almost equally frequent. Since the prevalence of a joint family economy correlated with these choices, participants probably applied a social-decision heuristic of subscribing to a status-quo rule. In Study 2 a sample of 100 students made fictitious choices of allocating part of a monthly income to joint or individual savings after either an income increase or decrease. Consistent with the results of Study 1, the equal-division rule was used after an income increase and when the prior allocations were equal. However, an income decrease or unequal prior allocations appeared to induce less shallow information processing resulting in the application of an equity rule.