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Adapted from the source document.

The American political system is experiencing a crisis of hegemony. The moderate, bipartisan center that had been the mythical linchpin of American political identity during the "long Cold War" is facing the possibility of a terminal decline. Donald Trump's election is indicative of how this crisis has emboldened the American right. At the same time, however, the organized left is also resurgent in the United States. This article is a situated and provisional analysis of the American left resurgence midway through Trump presidency. The American left currently finds itself on unfamiliar political terrain. It is more energized today than it has been in decades. And yet, this rebirth comes with uncertainty. Four issues speak to the promise and challenges of the American left: the meaning and content of "democratic socialism," the left's relationship to the Democratic Party, bridging the divide between class and identity along which the left has fragmented since the 1980s, and the tension of organizing via both social movements and elections. These issues are likely to shape its organizing successes in the near future.

Examines emergence of a new revolutionary Left and its interaction with older left-wing politics; peasant movements, guerrillas, trade unions, and country studies. Covers Brazil, Peru, Paraguay, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, and Mexico.

Abstract: The resurgence of leftist parties in recent Latin American elections is best understood as a regional wave, in which extreme socioeconomic inequality has generated broad support for leftist candidates in many countries, while international factors including the diffusion of democratic norms and increased economic integration have encouraged moderation among both leftist governments and their traditional antagonists. This leftward shift in electoral politics will most likely be an enduring feature of Latin America's democratic future.

In this article I critically examine the concept of the 'left' that is employed in the book The Resurgence of the Latin American Left, by Steven Levitsky and Kenneth Roberts. The critique can be seen as part of a long academic conversation concerning the meaning and implications of the re-emergence of a 'new left' in Latin America. I object to their definition not only as a consequence of the political and economic content that they associate with the idea of the 'left', but also as a result of the programmatic objectives that they relate to leftist governments. By the end of the text, I offer an alternative definition of the term, which is based on the ideals of economic and political democracy. Adapted from the source document.

En este artículo examino críticamente el concepto de "izquierda" que se emplea en el libro The Resurgence of the Latin American Left, de Steven Levitsky y Kenneth Roberts. La crítica se inscribe en una larga conversación académica referida al significado e implicaciones del surgimiento de una "nueva izquierda" en América Latina. En el trabajo, objeto la definición ofrecida por Levitsky y Roberts tanto por el contenido económico como por el contenido político que le asignan a la misma; así como por la centralidad que la definición le otorga a los objetivos programáticos propios de un gobierno de izquierda. Asimismo, hacia el final del texto propongo una relectura del concepto de "izquierda" que lo vincula con formas de democracia económica y política. ; In this article I critically examine the concept of the "left" that is employed in the book The Resurgence of the Latin American Left, by Steven Levitsky y Kenneth Roberts. The critique can be seen as part of a long academic conversation concerning the meaning and implications of the re-emergence of a "new left" in Latin America. I object to their definition not only as a consequence of the political and economic content that they associate with the idea of the "left", but also as a result of the programatic objectives that they relate to leftist governments. By the end of the text, I offer an alternative definition of the term, which is based on the ideals of economic and political democracy. ; Fil: Gargarella, Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina