Suchergebnisse

The notion of "political accommodation" applied to the theory and practice of managing cultural diversity could enrich the Russian academic dictionary. Liberal democratic states invented specific mechanisms for political accommodation of cultural differences. Thanks to these mechanisms, the part of the population of a democratic state that is not ready to dissolve into the ethnocultural majority is more or less protected. The law not only prohibits forced assimilation, but also contains a number of norms that allow ethnocultural minorities to maintain their distinctiveness by passing it on from generation to generation. However, this is the case in liberal democracies with a long history. In states that emerged as a result of the collapse of two multinational policies - Yugoslavia and the USSR - the situation sometimes looks quite specific. They take more active measures for cultural homogenization than in previous years. As for Russia, in recent years there have been symptomatic changes in the sphere of ethno-cultural policy, which, although with a number of reservations, can be described in terms of "nationalization".

This article is dealing with the analysis of main stages and tendencies of social transformations that have been taken place in Ukraine since the well-known Perestroika in the ex-USSR. Transformational processes are studied in very important ways for Ukrainian society aspects, such as: institutional, socio-structural, and socio-psychological. The authors gave special attention on the role of classes — elites and the broad masses in the different stages of this period have been analyzed.

Data of 18 surveys based on the random samples representative for adult population of Ukraine (over 18 years old) being conducted by Kiev International Institute of Sociology from 1991 to 2003 by the face-to-face interview method are analyzed. The dynamics of the follow ing five indicators of social exclusion is considered: a) belonging to a household having the income per capita less than half the median income; b) belonging to a household lacking for money to purchase daily food; c) unemployment over a long period of time (one year or more); d) lack of education; more precisely, increase in the number of adults from 18 to 30 years of age who have no completed secondary education; e) no help from associates when an individual seeks it.

The article presents an institutionalization concept in a post-soviet society. The double institutionalization phenomenon was described as a specific social mechanism which supports social stability and integration under conditions when institutional bases of social life are ruining. In order to test hypotheses on specific character and tendencies of post-soviet institutionalization and new social institution formation, authors use the data of sociological monitoring on social changes in Ukrainian society conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for many years.

This article is devoted to consideration of the forth-social effects, which resulted the market institutionalization in post-Soviet Ukrainian society. The main effects are the change of the forms of social alienation and the formation of a socioeconomic thresh old of exploitation, as against the organizational-bureaucratic exploitation inherent in the Soviet society, the displayed social cleavage on a line of the social alienation and the socioeconomic exploitation, the active symbolical struggle for legitimization of the specific discourses of the market, and the formation of a class system of the post-Soviet society as a system of the alternative social forces. These effects become the result of an indemnification of those structural— cultural "failures", which were comprised by a so cial system of a Soviet type. The author confirms that the post-socialist transformation has been developed as a spontaneous process of "alignment" of social space, before pulled together to one social pole — "nomenclature" class. Thus the "alignment" is a returning of the social space to a complex, emergence, dynamic balance, which is inherent to the complex social phenomenon. The author considers the market institutionalization as a compensator reaction of a Soviet type of industrial society, which exhausted its internal resources and was compelled to rush in search of other necessary resources of development. It is considered in what way the social cleavage is institutionalizing in the forms of a specific class position and practice.

Identity legitimacy is regarded as a key issue to understand the current post-communist world and to substantiate the identity recognition policy, that is a legitimate (for society) way of differentiation control. There are presented two ideal models of identity production: 1) based on essentialistic imperatives, and 2) close to constructivism in its various versions, like post-classical one. There are an a lyzed significant practices and figurative representations applied to identities.

Steffen Mau: Lütten Klein - Leben in der ostdeutschen Transformationsgesellschaft. Berlin: Suhrkamp 2019. 978-3-518-42894-8