Suchergebnisse

The article focuses on the analysis of the methodology and content of the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025. Particular attention is paid to the task set in the Strategy to improve the population settlement system and to reflection of regional issues in it. The orientation of the Strategy on large cities is in conflict with the objectives of the national project «Demography». Pulling the population into large cities makes it difficult to achieve the target indicator «Increase in the total fertility rate to 1.7 per woman by 2024». For the Strategy of spatial development, whose task was proclaimed to improve the system of population settlement, the problem of its reproduction and placement is far from an idle question. Nevertheless, in the Strategy this issue does not go beyond the framework of duty generalizations, which proclaim a differentiated approach to the directions and measures of the State support for the socio-economic development of territories, taking into account the demographic situation, characteristics of the settlement system, level and dynamics of the economic development and specifics of the environmental conditions. And the thesis formulated in the Strategy: «Stabilization of the population in most constituent entities of the Russian Federation», in fact, has no foundation. In 2005-2018 two thirds of the regions (67.1%) were losing their population. Analysis of the place and role in the Strategy of the region taken as an example (Komi Republic) shows that, in comparison with most other subjects of the Federation, quite a lot of attention and place is given to this republic. It is described as a part of the Northern macroregion, the economic specialization of the republic is indicated there, its capital — the city of Syktyvkar is represented among the promising economic centers, a number of municipal entities of the republic are identified as mineral resource centers, and the city of Vorkuta is presented as a part of the priority geostrategic territories of the Arctic zone. And this is quite understandable. The spatial development of the country is primarily oriented to the North and East.

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to analyse the level of Russia's science and technology system and to determine the country's placein the international rankings by comparing the performance metrics achieved so far with the showings of the world's leading S&T powers, followed by the appropriate managerial decision-making in the areas requiring the government's immediate attention. Methods. The research tools employed are statistical data grouping, comparative analysis and the formal logical methods. Results and Discussion. Since 2014, various factors (namely foreign policy and economic factors, geopolitical situation, oil market volatility and instability of the national currency) have acted as catalysts of crisis in the national economy, leading to a decline in Russia's international rankings. Following a degree of adaptation to the external changes and a partial economic recovery by 2018-2020, Russia's position has levelled off, but the pre-crisis levels have yet to be achieved. The results of the survey show an overall positive dynamic, with the most significant progress observable in the rankings that characterise competitiveness of the national economy. Conclusion. The findings of the study have practical relevance and can be used to adjust the national policy on scientific and technological development ; For citation: Netrebin YuYu, Medvedev VV. Emergence of an Innovation-Driven Economy in the Regions of the Russian Federation in 2010-2019: Identifying Key Evaluation Criteria and Region Rankings. Science Governance and Scientometrics. 2021;16(3):336-369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33873/2686-6706.2021.16-3.336-369

The given research paper presents an attempt to analyze the Caspian region from the point of view of its cross-border specifics. In contrast to the traditional understanding of the Caspian region as the region of heightened geopolitical significance the authors analyze its peculiarities and potential in the context of the cross-border cooperation dynamics. It is especially emphasized that the Caspian region may be considered as a cross-border region which, despite the substantial similarities is different from international transnational regions. The authors focus attention on a key contradiction of the Caspian region. On the one hand, national interests and foreign policy of the states-members of the Caspian region (Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan) have a national country and regional importance, since their implementation will form an effective regional security system. On the other hand, the Caspian region attracts the attention of the world powers, becoming a subject of their interest, as it is of great importance for world energy markets and has status of a transit zone between Europe and Asia. For Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan the Caspian status is combined with their most important characteristic of post-Soviet states - shared long historical stage of development within the Soviet Union. The article distinguished and analyzed four main periods of establishment of cross-border cooperation in the Caspian region. The national specificity of modernization reforms in all the countries of the Caspian region have interrelations with further development of cross-border cooperation, the priority of that performs convergence of Caspian states on a number of strategic issues, including economic cooperation and security. (author's abstract)

The paper presents the research of current small and medium-sized business development in Sverdlovsk region. It includes analysis of enterprise development statistics, Russian and international experience, sociological survey of entrepreneurs' satisfaction of doing business conditions in Sverdlovsk region. The aim of the research was to develop proposals for business support system development in the long run for inclusion in the SME Development Strategy in Sverdlovsk region up to 2030. As a result, a set of strategic SME development directions was formulated. It includes measures aimed at business problems solving through the development of SME support tools and at addressing institutional problems of business support. The paper includes proposals for improvement of regional support system and implementation the priority SME development direction. © 2015 The Journal of Economic Theory.

The article is about development of mathematical education and science in Penza region. Author examines main stages of development, classifies institutions of the early XX century and the exam program for the grammar school students. Penza's mathematicians' contribution to world science is mentioned.

In dem Beitrag unternimmt der stellvertretende kirgisische Außenminister den Versuch, die Strategie und Taktik des Westens gegenüber der zentralasiatischen Region aus kirgisischer Sicht zu beleuchten. Seiner Meinung nach ist die westliche Politik nicht primär darauf gerichtet und auch nicht in der Lage, den russischen Einfluß in dieser Region vollständig zurückzudrängen. Die politischen Führungen der zentralasiatischen Staaten sind zu einer Vertiefung der Partnerschaft mit der Nato bereit, allerdings nicht zulasten einer Verschlechterung der Beziehungen zu Rußland. (BIOst-Mrk)

The main problem with large families is their social vulnerability caused by exclusion, the latter referring to the restriction of access to public benefits, the inability of people to participate in important aspects of social life. This study aims at identifying social stereotypes which intensify exclusion and (or) prevent the inclusion of large families. The study is based on data from surveys of the population of the North-Western Federal District conducted by VolRC RAS in 2016–2017, as well as materials of qualitative research (focus groups with multi-child parents). As a result, various mechanisms of exclusion (social, economic, personal) and social stereotypes corresponding to each mechanism are defined. The author classifies families with many children by their degree of social exclusion, taking into account the risk of limiting access to various resources. The study shows that mothers with many children face a heightened risk of exclusion. The study reveals stereotypes of parents with several children regarding their willingness to change the situation, while identifying factors that prevent inclusion in labor activity: "alienation", "external reasons", "personal characteristics". The analysis shows that widespread practices of social inclusion include hopes for state support, believing in a lack of effective mechanisms for solving employment problems, a lack of benefits from social support and a decrease in the attractiveness of altruistic ideas in society. The novelty of the results lies in identifying the groups within multi-child families that differ in the level of risk of exclusion, as well as in the contribution of social and personal mechanisms to their exclusion, and indentifying the resources for inclusion among large families.

Die Hinwendung der zentralasiatischen Staaten zur asiatisch-pazifischen Region erfolgt vergleichsweise schnell. Nach Rußland und Europa bilden die Staaten der asiatisch-pazifischen Zone - insbesondere China und Südkorea - bereits den drittwichtigsten Außenhandelspartner der zentralasiatischen Republiken. Deren weitere Zukunft wird in erheblichem Maße davon abhängen, wie erfolgreich sie sich in diese wirtschaftlich expandierende Region integrieren können. Ihre Einbindung in die weltweite Arbeitsteilung wirft im Hinblick auf die zu ihren zentralen Produkten zählenden Öl- und Gaslieferungen jedoch erhebliche Probleme auf. Nur mit Hilfe kräftiger Kapitalinvestitionen aus den asiatisch-pazifischen Ländern können die zentralasiatischen Staaten ihr diesbezügliches Potential realisieren. Die im Zuge der Wiederbelebung der historischen Seidenstraße betriebenen Projekte im Bereich der Telekommunikation und des Verkehrs könnten gleichfalls positive Auswirkungen auf die Wirtschaft der zentralasiatischen Region haben. (BIOst-Mrk)

Der Autor betont in seinem Beitrag die im wesentlichen europäische Identität Rußlands, wobei er sich auch kritisch mit den Thesen Samuel Huntingtons auseinandersetzt. Von daher unternimmt er den Versuch, die Rolle Rußlands bei der Realisierung eines neuen Modells der Sicherheit in der euroatlantischen Region zu bestimmen. Er hebt in diesem Zusammenhang die Rolle der OSZE in der europäischen Sicherheitsarchitektur hervor und geht näher auf das Verhältnis Rußlands zur Nato ein. Einen weiteren Darstellungsschwerpunkt bilden die Beziehungen Rußlands zur EU. Der Autor spricht sich für eine aktive Beteiligung Rußlands in den politischen, wirtschaftlichen und militärischen Strukturen der euroatlantischen Region aus. (BIOst-Mrk)