Suchergebnisse

Vorwort, -Abkürzungsverzeichnis -- A. Einleitung -- B. Naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisstand -- C. Rechtliche Anforderungen an die Verwendung von Glas und Licht. - D. Bewertung des rechtliches Instrumentariums -- E- Zusammenfassung -- Literaturverzeichnis -- Stichwortverzeichnis

The animal agriculture and animal husbandry are the focus of public and political debate. The triggers are a number of food scandals like proven dioxin in eggs or unmarked horsemeat in products on the one hand and on the other hand dubious moral treatment of animals in livestock farming. In the first part of this study different animal ethical theories are explained and discussed. The aim is to find arguments to justify or refuse the use of animals for human purposes particularly in food production. From an ethical point of view the most problematic condition in animal husbandry is, that farm animals have to suffer in modern livestock farming systems. Based on this ethical discussion a quantitative study will be presented in the second part. The study deals with attitudes to livestock farming of students from different disciplines. The survey was taken in 2013. It tries to evaluate the personal acceptance and-perceived validity of preference and motivation tests to improve animal husbandry conditions in livestock farming. After the students had indicated their willingness to pay for eggs, milk and minced meat, they were asked how much more they would pay for these products from farms where the conditions were improved by preference and motivation tests. The disciplines organic agricultural sciences, biology, landscape ecology and philosophy are less satisfied with the current conditions of animal husbandry in conventional livestock farming than the disciplines agricultural sciences, business administration, economics and law. However, the acceptance and the validity of preference and motivation tests are equally positive in all examined fields of study. The willingness to pay for 1 liter milk was 0,99 €, for 6 eggs 1,93 € and 2,70 € for 250g minced meat. Various values were assumed behind the different acceptance of livestock farming. These values were tested with Schwartz's Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-21). The relationship between values and attitudes to livestock farming is discussed in the third article. Using the PVQ-21 the analyzed disciplines could be combined in three groups with similar values. The first group is formed by students of environmental sciences, landscape ecology, biology and philosophy. Students of these subjects entitle animals a higher consciousness and are more open to changes in livestock farming. In the second group there are agronomists, students of business administration, economics and law. These disciplines are significantly more tolerant with the current livestock conditions. The third group is the discipline psychology. It positions itself in the value circle between the first two groups

Most people associated the collapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent phase of
transformation with the hopes of an improvement
in the ecological situation in the post-Soviet
states. This article will take the example of walnut-fruit forests of South Kyrgyzstan that are
unique in the world to demonstrate that current transformation processes can also constitute a
danger for certain natural habitats. It will apply a scenario borrowed from political economy to
analyse the change in players, interests and patterns of resource management and forest
utilisation. The following factors crystallise as a threat to forests: the appearance of new players,
the insecure economic situation of the local population and the erosion of the management
institutions.
The hallmark of the walnut-fruit forests is a major diversity of timbers and a variety of high-grade
usable products. The centralised Soviet policy on forests devised detailed plans and forestry work
for utilising the various forest products and protecting forests in their long-term existence. The
governmental forestry operations (
leshoze
) implemented the forestry on the local level while
forming the social centre of these settlements because they were the main employer. Since the
Soviet Union collapsed, the political and socio-economic constraints have changed considerably,
which has not only involved a change in forestry management, but also in the access rights and
interests in the forest resources. At the present time, the region is suffering from high
unemployment. That means that forests are increasingly important these days to the local
population's strategy for survival since they supply food, animal feed and firewood. In addition,
political and economic liberalisation along with enhanced communication and trade relations has
opened forests up to representatives of international groups who are interested in the highly
valued forest products. Today, rough timber and burls from walnut trees, walnuts, wild apples and
morels are exported into a series of countries in the world. Scientists and members of international
organisations stress the great ecological significance of these forests and the fact that they should
be protected. Nevertheless, there are fears that the present processes of transformation and
globalisation will stimulate a compounded and increasingly uncontrolled utilisation and
exploitation of the forests, thus boosting their degradation.

For a long time now, demands have been made on politicians to better protect farmed animals. At the same time, legislative minimum standards legitimate industrial animal farming methods and these standards are being developed with reference to expert opinions on animal protection. Philipp von Gall investigates the connection of both situations and explains - on the basis of philosophical works from writers such as Peter Goldie, Markus Wild and Cora Diamond - why the premises of the expert opinions which were decided upon some 40 years ago, should be renegotiated. He shows that only the appropriate consideration of animal subjectivity and human emotions in decision-making will enable socially acceptable compromises

Digitale Technik ist längst fester Bestandteil der Massentierhaltung und des modernen Herdenmanagements. Auf Basis der elektronischen Tierkennzeichnung operiert das »Smart Farming« gleichermaßen mit Tierdaten und Datentieren. Neben der intendierten Identifikation und Verfolgbarkeit geraten hierbei vermehrt Formen der Überwachung und Kontrolle in den Blick - und schließlich auch Verhaltensänderungen bei den Tieren selbst. Aus der Verbindung von Lebewesen und technischem Artefakt resultieren zunehmend Fragen nach dem Status des Tieres in unserer Kultur. Unter dem Aspekt der »anonymen Individualisierung« analysiert Ina Bolinski aus medienwissenschaftlicher Perspektive die aktuellen Aushandlungen um den veränderten Akteurstatus von Tier, Technik und Mensch.

Frontmatter -- Inhalt -- 1. Einleitung -- 2. Nutztierproduktion: Tier-Werden/Medien-Werden -- Einleitung -- 2.1 Analog: Zur Historizität der Domestikation von Nutztieren -- 2.2 Digital: RFID als Medientechnik -- 2.3 Human-Animal Studies: Natur, Kultur und Agency -- 2.4 Zum Animal Turn in der Medienwissenschaft -- 3. Tier-Technik-Interaktion -- Einleitung -- 3.1 Der Kuhstall als Labor -- 3.2 Architekturen der Nutztieranlagen -- 3.3 Einfluss auf das tierliche Sozialverhalten -- 4. Ökonomisch-technische (Nutz-)Tierherden -- Einleitung -- 4.1 Cash Cows -- 4.2 Zur Tier-Maschinen-Ethik -- 4.3 Technische Tierumwelten und mediale Ökologien -- 5. Tierdaten - Datentiere -- Einleitung -- 5.1 Smart Farming -- 5.2 Internet der Tiere -- 5.3 Zukunftswissen -- 6. Fazit -- 7. Literaturverzeichnis -- 8. Abbildungsverzeichnis -- Dank

Global climate change, the extinction of species, animal pests and natural catastrophes dominate debates on the future of the earth. Often these phenomena are considered as something new, which they are not, and many of today's discussions have their roots in the past. Therefore, to cope with our problems, forward-looking thinking has to be combined with understanding for the political, economic, social, and ecological background of our present situation. In their various contributions the authors discuss the importance of the history of ecology. The book comprises the results of a workshop on "History of Ecology and the Future of Ecology" held at the DFG Graduate College in Göttingen in July, 2008.

Global climate change, the extinction of species, animal pests and natural catastrophes dominate debates on the future of the earth. Often these phenomena are considered as something new, which they are not, and many of today's discussions have their roots in the past. Therefore, to cope with our problems, forward-looking thinking has to be combined with understanding for the political, economic, social, and ecological background of our present situation. In their various contributions the authors discuss the importance of the history of ecology. The book comprises the results of a workshop on "History of Ecology and the Future of Ecology" held at the DFG Graduate College in Göttingen in July, 2008.

Global climate change, the extinction of species, animal pests and natural catastrophes dominate debates on the future of the earth. Often these phenomena are considered as something new, which they are not, and many of today's discussions have their roots in the past. Therefore, to cope with our problems, forward-looking thinking has to be combined with understanding for the political, economic, social, and ecological background of our present situation. In their various contributions the authors discuss the importance of the history of ecology. The book comprises the results of a workshop on "History of Ecology and the Future of Ecology" held at the DFG Graduate College in Göttingen in July, 2008. - Klimawandel, Artensterben, Viehseuchen und Naturkatastrophen bestimmen vielerorts die Debatten um die globale Zukunft. Hierbei erscheint es oft, als seien diese Phänomene völlig neuartige Entwicklungen, die erst jetzt unsere Aufmerksamkeit geweckt haben. Dabei sind die meisten gegenwärtigen Probleme durchaus nicht neu. Frühere Generationen haben sich sehr wohl Gedanken um ihre Umwelt gemacht und viele der gegenwärtigen Diskussionen sind historisch bedingt. Daher erfordert die Bewältigung unserer Probleme nicht nur zukunftsorientiertes Denken, sondern auch ein historisches Verständnis der politischen, ökonomischen, sozialen und ökologischen Hintergründe unserer gegenwärtigen Situation. Unter den Themenkomplexen "Spektrum der Umweltgeschichte", "Aus der Geschichte lernen", "Fast vergessene Debatten der Umweltgeschichte" und "Umweltgeschichte im Bildungssystem" erörtern die Autoren die Bedeutung der Umweltgeschichte für die Lösung zukünftiger Probleme. Der vorliegende Band ist das Ergebnis eines Workshops, den das DFG-Graduiertenkolleg "Interdisziplinäre Umweltgeschichte. Naturale Umwelt und gesellschaftliches Handeln in Mitteleuropa" am 16. und 17. Juli 2008 in Göttingen unter dem Titel "Umweltgeschichte und Umweltzukunft – Zur gesellschaftlichen Relevanz einer jungen Disziplin" veranstaltet hat.

Der Aufsatz rekonstruiert die historische Genese der politischen Ökologie im 19. Jahrhundert am Beispiel des Zoologen Karl August Möbius. Als entscheidendes Paradigma der Vorgeschichte wird die Bevölkerungsdebatte um 1800 herausgearbeitet. Vor diesem Hintergrund entsteht die politisch-ökologische Perspektive durch die Übertragung klassischer Prinzipien der Ökonomie auf Tiergemeinschaften und von dort wieder zurück auf eine zoologisch verstandene Menschenwelt. ; The paper reconstructs the historical genesis of political ecology in the 19th century by the example of the zoologist Karl Möbius. The population debate around 1800 is elaborated as a decisive paradigm of its emergence. Against this background, the political-ecological perspective arises through the transfer of classical economic principles on animal com- munities and their retransfer back to a human world that is now understood in zoological terms.