Suchergebnisse

The relations linking aggressive to soc behavior are particularly strong when one considers the release & the control of aggressive behavior. The stimuli which provoke aggressive behavior nearly always come from outside; they are connected with the presence of a congener. One may assume that the stimuli & perceptions which enter into individual recognition have some connection with the triggering of aggressive. behavior ior. In mammals & esp in rodents, the role of olfactive cues has been stressed in a great many studies. In M mice, a great deal of individual recognition seems to depend on scent signals originating either in the genito-urinary region or in the urinary tract. The release of aggressive conducts is linked to similar olfactive cues: anosmia provokes a total disappearance of aggression in M mice. The role of the soc environment in the control of aggressive behavior can be studied by changing the density of pop. In natural conditions, the soc life tends to reduce aggressiveness; much animal behavior is directed towards developing exchange of information to reduce intra-specific fightings. But when M mice, for example, are isolated, their aggressiveness is increased; this phenomenon has been found in other animals & in man. In the same way, overcrowding increases aggressiveness in animals. Psychol'ts & physiologists have studied some of the internal changes involved by modification of the soc environment. In rodents, olfactive cues are also involved in these phenomena. AA.

This paper attempts to develop an experimental analysis of drug-induced religious behavior. The first part discusses drugs and religious behavior in man and includes sections on anthropological, contemporary, and experimental perspectives. The second part reviews analogous natural and drug-induced animal behaviors which are seen to be structurally similar to human religious activities. The functional similarities are examined in the third section which analyses religion in terms of operant behavior concepts and findings. It is concluded that the behavioral, albeit not necessarily the experiential, aspects of drug-induced religious behavior can be studied in the animal model.

Zoosemiotics (ZS)-anatural &behavioral sci which has lately crystallized at the intersection of semiotics & ethology-is decomposed into 3 subfields: zoopragmatics (1-3), zoosemantics (6),& zoosyntactics (4, 5) , labels which cover the 6 aspects of a communicative event which have been variously studied by field O's or laboratory exp'ers working with animals: (1) source, (2) destination, (3) channel, (4) code, (5) message, & (6) context. Each of these aspects is considered & exemplified in some detail; eg, systems such as chemical, optical, tactile, acoustic, & several other channels are discussed in turn. 3 approaches are then mapped out: pure ZS, comprehending the elaboration of theoretical models; descriptive ZS, constituting the main subject of this paper; & applied ZS, aiming to deal with the exploitation of animal systems for the benefit of man. Linguists & psycholinguists who are concerned with animal COMM are interested chiefly in disclosing the biological & anthrop'al origins of human COMM, &, further, seek answers to particular questions such as these: what are the anatomical & physiological is of verbal behavior & what sensory & cognitive specializations are required for language perception; what motivates the onset & accomplishment of language learning in the development of human infants; why do subhuman forms lack the capacity to acquire even the beginnings of language; how can present evolutionary theory account for the uniqueness of both form & behavior of language specialization in man; & what is the genetic basis for language propensity, man's species-specific biological endowment?AA.

Die Autoren stellen einige ausgewählte Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen Jugendlicher zur Arbeit und Leistung in der Pflanzen- und Tierproduktion auf der Grundlage einer ersten Analyse der ersten Etappe der Jahresintervallstudie aus dem Jahre 1982 vor. Befragt wurden 615 Jugendliche in acht Kreisen der Bezirke Leipzig und Neubrandenburg, wobei Lebensziele, agrarpolitische Einstellungen und berufliche Interessen als determinierende subjektive Faktoren der Arbeitseinstellung in die Untersuchung einbezogen wurden. Vorgestellt werden hierzu die Ergebnisse auf der Grundlage einer erprobten Indikatorbatterie zur Ermittlung und Messung von Lebenszielsetzungen sowie die Rangfolge in der Bewertung ausgewählter Aufgabenstellungen bzw. auf die Tierproduktion bezogene Interessengebiete. "Ahnlich wie bei den agrarpolitischen Einstellungen steigt die Intensität der Interessenausprägung mit dem hohen Niveau der politisch-ideologischen Grundeinstellung, der Allgemeinbildung und der beruflichen Qualifizierung." Des weiteren werden Befragungsergebnisse (differenziert z.B. nach geschlechtsspezifischen Faktoren) aufgeführt zu den Bereichen: Arbeitszeit und Einschätzung des Charakters der Arbeit, Arbeitszufriedenheit, Einstellung zu Besonderheiten der Arbeit in der Tierproduktion, Leistungsverhalten, Einstellung zum Arbeitskollektiv und Einschätzung der fachlichen Information. (SM)

of Volume 4 -- 1 Alcohol Use in Tribal Societies -- 2 Anthropological Perspectives on the Social Biology of Alcohol: An Introduction to the Literature -- 3 Drinking Behavior and Drinking Problems in the United States -- 4 Alcoholism in Women -- 5 Youthful Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Alcoholism -- 6 Family Structure and Behavior in Alcoholism: A Review of the Literature -- 7 The Alcoholic Personality -- 8 Alcoholism and Mortality -- 9 Alcohol and Unintentional Injury -- 10 Alcohol and Crimes of Violence -- 11 Alcohol Abuse and Work Organizations -- 12 Education and the Prevention of Alcoholism -- 13 The Effects of Legal Restraint on Drinking.