Suchergebnisse

Reactions by young monkeys to the adult male's mounts were observed in a Macaca irus colony. Age, sex, and mother dependence of the young monkey present, the mountee's age, sex, and relationship to the observing animal, and variables in the mount itself influenced behavior of a young monkey at a copulation. The interest in mounts shown by young suggests that they enjoy watching copulation and that appropriate sexual behavior may be partially learned by observation of copulation.

Biologically oriented approaches to the study of human conflict have thus far been limited largely to the study of aggression. A sample of the literature on this topic is reviewed, drawing upon four major approaches: comparative psychology, ethology (including some popularized accounts), evolutionary-based theories, and several areas of human physiology. More sophisticated relationships between so-called "innate" and "acquired" determinants of behavior are discussed, along with the proper relevance of animal behavior studies for human behavior. Unless contained in a comprehensive theory which includes social and psychological variables, biolog ically oriented theories (although often valid within their domain) offer at best severely limited and at worst highly misleading explanations of complex social conflicts. The review concludes with a list of several positive contributions of these biological approaches and suggests that social scientists must become more knowledgeable about them.

Children's & young people's literature is frequently viewed as if it were isolated from other literature; however, it reflects the values & ideology of a given society just as much as other literature, & should be viewed from this perspective. In most children's & young people's books, social problems are often viewed in an individualistic context rather than in a social one, thus leading to the assumption that racial problems are solved by appealing to pity & charity, & the accompanying vision of colored people as objects of degradation. The Negro-African is frequently associated with animal behavior & instinct. Both Negro-Africans & Afro-Americans are seldom portrayed as autonomous human beings; initiative is a white domain. Further, the Afro-American is seen as having internalized the value system of white American culture. A more serious consequence of the racism in children's & young people's literature, coupled with other media images that promote racist assumptions, is a legitimization of subtle forms of neocolonialism. Modified Author's Summary.

Opening Address -- Early Sex Differences in the Human: Studies of Socioemotional Development -- Sexual Identity: Research Strategies -- Male-Female Differences in Sexual Arousal and Behavior During and After Exposure to Sexually Explicit Stimuli -- Heterosexual Dysfunction: Evaluation of Treatment Procedures -- Sexuality and Physical Disabilities -- Neuroendocrinology: Animal Models and Problems of Human Sexuality -- Research in Homosexuality: Back to the Drawing Board -- Changing Sex Roles in American Culture: Future Directions for Research -- Comprehensive Sex Research Centers: Design and Operation for Effective Functioning -- Ethical Issues (General Discussion) -- Concluding Discussion -- Summary and Recommendations -- Epilogue -- References -- Conference Participants.

Culture and Biological Man: Explorations in Behavioral Anthropology. ELIOT D. CHAPPLE.Ethology: The Biology of Behavior. IREN‐ÄUS EIBL‐EIBESFELDT. Erich Kling‐hammer, trans.Studies in Animal and Human Behaviour. Volume I. Volume II. KONRAD LORENZ. Robert Martin, trans.