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Research of molecular characterization pfcrt gene to detection chloroquine antimalarial drugs resistance at clinic isolates Plasmodium falci parum, aims to prove and lay open mechanism and cause antimalarial drugs resistance at local clinic isolat of Plasmodium falcifarum through determination of pfmdrl gene. M ethod of the research: Making thin and thick blood films from malaria patient for microscopic inspection to determine density and identify parasite . In vitro culture to get Plasmodium falci parum parasite Isolate. Drug susceptibility testing to determine minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) to antimalarial drugs. DNA extraction . Amplification pfcrt, gene with PCR technique. Result of research sensitivity test by in vitro Chloroquine 500 ng!ml fo r the Plasmodium fa lcipa rum isolates from malaria patient used micro test method modifyfrom WHO by using flat bottom well 96 (WHO, 1990) Result of IC50 test got Chloroquine drug can only be pursued with big dose 500 nglml. Result of PCR by using specific primary for the amplification gene region coding Pfcrt gen at 479- 630 bp genes Plasmodiumfalcifarum can be expressed so that result of this can be used as marker for the detection anti malarial drugs resistance. The concluded: M inimum concentration to pu rsue growth of parasite equal to 50%. Chloroquine require big cosentrasition to pursue growth parasite 500ng!ml. Pfcrt gene Plasmodium falcifarum can be used as marker to detect chloroquine antimalarial drugs resitance. Suggestion: Result of gene from PCR have to be continued with squencing to know mutation gene. Furthermore gene marker to make diagnostic kit as rapid test so that can give input and benefit to government evaluating and updating antimalarial drugs treatment p olicies, and give input to doctor in therapy with correct antimalarial drugs to malarial pati ents. Key words: chloroquine, resistance, pfcrt gene

Background: Brucellosis in pigs at East Java Indonesia has not only cause great economic losses due to a decrease in productivity of livestock but also are zoonotic. Infection on free brucelosis pigs were initially begun with the infected pigs both male and female, or the use of superior male pigs together. The elimination of the disease either on a group or population is considered as the most effective way to prevent the spread of the disease in pigs. Prevention efforts mainly addressed to vaccination, sanitary maintenace and government policy. The purpose of this study was to isolated and identified Brucella suis as the causative agent. Material and Methods: The survey area were the pig farm owned by breeder farmers in the area of East Java Indonesia, at Kediri, Malang, Blitar and Probolinggo district. Blood samples obtained were tested with RBT. Pigs are suspected of being infected with Brucella if the RBT was positive that characterized with agglutination in the test results. If RBT was positive, bacteriological examination will be performed, with samples of visceral foetus organ, ie liver, spleen, placenta and amniotic fluid. Isolation and identification of Brucella suis were used Brucella Broth and Brucella Agar, and if the bacteri growthwill be continued with biochemical test ie H2S, urease, citrate, catalase and oxidase test. The positive results of Brucella suis showed positive urease, catalase andoxidase,but negative for citrate and H2S. Results: RBT and bacteriolgical examination showed that 1 sample was positive Brucella suis, and 19 negative. The positive results showed positive urease, catalase and oxidase,but negative for citrate and H2S Conclusion: Based on RBT test and bacteriological examination, there was 1 positive sample of brucellla suis, that is sample coming from Kediri district. Key words: Brucela suis, pig, isolation,identification, zoonotic

The region of ASEAN is the leading producer of rice in the world. For most people in ASEAN member countries, rice is also a staple food commodity. ASEAN is disaster prone areas such as tsunami, landslide, earthquakes, floods and hurricanes causing degraded farmland, swallowing casualties as well as farm animals. The research having problem formulation, how the role of ASEAN Plus Three through the APTERR program, how the dynamics of food security issue. and how to implement APTERR's commitment as an effort to address food security issues in southeast Asia. The purpose of this research is to know the cooperation of ASEAN Plus Three through APTERR program. The Data obtained will be analyzed by descriptive method of analysis. .Based on the analysis of the data done, the conclusion that ASEAN is also a disaster prone areas such as tsunami, landslide, earthquakes, floods and hurricanes that cause farmland is damaged, swallowing casualties also livestock animals. As far as research analysis in the implementation of APTERR in the years 2015 – 2019, tier I and tier II programs have not been utilized. APTERR still focuses on tier III, which is giving direct assistance to victims of natural disasters.

This study was conducted to assess the integrated farming system paddy rice and livestock buffaloes in the framework of regional development in Humbang Hasundutan, with linear regression analysis and descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the study concluded: a) system integration paddy rice farming and buffaloes more efficiently with the R/C ratio 2.4795 compared with non-integration with R/C ratioof 2.1705, b) variable; land area, paddy rice seeds, livestock breeds, animal feed, fertilizer and pesticides, labor, dependent of family, capital of farming, the price of paddy rice systems integration give 96.5% influence on the regional development in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, c) variable land area, animal feed and labor has a positive and significant impact on regional development, d) a variable dependents of family has a negative effect and significant impact to regional development, e) variable capital of farming and price otuput system integration rice paddy and livestock buffaloes have a positive influence and significantly to the regional development in Humbang Hasundutan Regency. Based on the results of the study suggested that the government Humbang Hasundutan: a) provide training to improve the skills of the workforce and the management of systems integration paddy rice and livestock buffaloes that have an impact on increasing the income of farmers and regional development in Humbang Hasundutan, b) should provide seed farming quality and superior to affordable price, c) should optimize counseling for farmers or ranchers on how to farm paddy rice and livestock that is better and more efficient, d) should help farmers to obtain capital farming that is more flexible and is responsible for keeping the stability of output prices of agricultural products so that farmers are motivated to improve their production.

Food Estate is a government program with the concept of integrated food production development covering agriculture, plantation and animal husbandry located in a large land area. In simple terms the concept of Food Estate like a food industry villages. In running this program required a large capital, so the government opens opportunities for investment locations for the private sector to achieve efficiency, effectiveness and added value of the products that produced. The presence of a wave of private investment in the food estate program was not able to raise the welfare of the tenant farmers. Agricultural land tenure by investors makes the farmers only as laborers. So, the investors are who get benefits in this food estate program. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to look for other capital alternative. By using library research, in this study, cash waqf can be used as the capital alternative. Through cash waqf, assets of waqf in the form of empty lands can be used to be processed into agricultural land. Cash waqf can also be in the form of productive loans for farmers and agricultural investment. The large potential of cash waqf in Indonesia is expected to replace the role of private investors.

In the middle of district head's euphoria to float and move forward province of Bangka Belitung's island by brought in the palm oil investors conduce the new conflict of society, i.e agrarian conflicts. The presence of palm oil investors in the middle that in the beginning has been designed to give a profit for society, especially the societies around the oil palm plantation, but precisely harm the soci- ety a lot. For local society, indigenous forest is symbol of nature conservation and the place of animal Seizure and claims over land often happens between the palm oil investors with local society. One of them is the conflict between Air Abik society with PT. Gunung Pelawan Lestari. The main factor of this conflict is there a logging, indigenous forest clearance, destruction of 11 ancestral graves belong to society conducted by PT. Gunung Pelawan Lestari in their efforts to oil palm expansions. This thing then triggered public protest action. survival. Whereas, ancestral grave is symbol of local wisdom and cultural heritage that must be preserved and maintained. Besides, if we see the conflict between both sides, it can be analyzed with contentious politics theory. The use of contentious politics theory because this conflict involves the collective interaction between the claimant, i.e PT. Gunung Pelawan Lestari and claim object, i.e customary land and the land where the 11 ancestral graves stand. In contentious politics theory, there is also depletion of resources. This depletion of resources in the end will influencing people to get involved in the political tensions, like the high level of public complaints, legacy of previous protest, political opportunity structure, and the mechanism relation to help society resistance. ; In the middle of district head's euphoria to float and move forward province of Bangka Belitung's island by brought in the palm oil investors conduce the new conflict of society, i.e agrarian conflicts. The presence of palm oil investors in the middle that in the beginning has been designed to give a profit for society, especially the societies around the oil palm plantation, but precisely harm the soci- ety a lot. For local society, indigenous forest is symbol of nature conservation and the place of animal Seizure and claims over land often happens between the palm oil investors with local society. One of them is the conflict between Air Abik society with PT. Gunung Pelawan Lestari. The main factor of this conflict is there a logging, indigenous forest clearance, destruction of 11 ancestral graves belong to society conducted by PT. Gunung Pelawan Lestari in their efforts to oil palm expansions. This thing then triggered public protest action. survival. Whereas, ancestral grave is symbol of local wisdom and cultural heritage that must be preserved and maintained. Besides, if we see the conflict between both sides, it can be analyzed with contentious politics theory. The use of contentious politics theory because this conflict involves the collective interaction between the claimant, i.e PT. Gunung Pelawan Lestari and claim object, i.e customary land and the land where the 11 ancestral graves stand. In contentious politics theory, there is also depletion of resources. This depletion of resources in the end will influencing people to get involved in the political tensions, like the high level of public complaints, legacy of previous protest, political opportunity structure, and the mechanism relation to help society resistance.