Suchergebnisse

In this work are presented legislations which regulate the establishment and care about the animal enclosures in Lithuania and the organizations which are associated with possession of the wild animals in the enclosures. Furthermore, there are analysed the recommendations of the literature about the requirements essential to set the enclosures of the most often kept animals in the Lithuania. The information about Lithuania's enclosures is analysed and systematized and it is compared with the previous data from Lithuania. So, there are 50 enclosures in which are kept 30 species of mammalians, 16 species of birds and 1 species of mollusc in Lithuania now. It's almost 5 times more than in 1998 year. The most favourite are the medium size farms in which from 1 to 50 vertebrate animals and till 50 000 edible snails are kept . The enclosures are established for the different reasons: the hobbi or aesthetical demands of the owner, tourism, reaclimatisation, the help for the injured animal, multiplication of the fauna which is hunted, developement of the trophy hunting, the training of the dogs, the profit, the changing of the traditional agriculture tendency to the ecological one, even the breeding of the new kindes. Most of farms are neutral in the aspect of profit . However the perspectives for the future are, but they depend on the sort of animals kept.

In this work are presented legislations which regulate the establishment and care about the animal enclosures in Lithuania and the organizations which are associated with possession of the wild animals in the enclosures. Furthermore, there are analysed the recommendations of the literature about the requirements essential to set the enclosures of the most often kept animals in the Lithuania. The information about Lithuania's enclosures is analysed and systematized and it is compared with the previous data from Lithuania. So, there are 50 enclosures in which are kept 30 species of mammalians, 16 species of birds and 1 species of mollusc in Lithuania now. It's almost 5 times more than in 1998 year. The most favourite are the medium size farms in which from 1 to 50 vertebrate animals and till 50 000 edible snails are kept . The enclosures are established for the different reasons: the hobbi or aesthetical demands of the owner, tourism, reaclimatisation, the help for the injured animal, multiplication of the fauna which is hunted, developement of the trophy hunting, the training of the dogs, the profit, the changing of the traditional agriculture tendency to the ecological one, even the breeding of the new kindes. Most of farms are neutral in the aspect of profit . However the perspectives for the future are, but they depend on the sort of animals kept.

In this work are presented legislations which regulate the establishment and care about the animal enclosures in Lithuania and the organizations which are associated with possession of the wild animals in the enclosures. Furthermore, there are analysed the recommendations of the literature about the requirements essential to set the enclosures of the most often kept animals in the Lithuania. The information about Lithuania's enclosures is analysed and systematized and it is compared with the previous data from Lithuania. So, there are 50 enclosures in which are kept 30 species of mammalians, 16 species of birds and 1 species of mollusc in Lithuania now. It's almost 5 times more than in 1998 year. The most favourite are the medium size farms in which from 1 to 50 vertebrate animals and till 50 000 edible snails are kept . The enclosures are established for the different reasons: the hobbi or aesthetical demands of the owner, tourism, reaclimatisation, the help for the injured animal, multiplication of the fauna which is hunted, developement of the trophy hunting, the training of the dogs, the profit, the changing of the traditional agriculture tendency to the ecological one, even the breeding of the new kindes. Most of farms are neutral in the aspect of profit . However the perspectives for the future are, but they depend on the sort of animals kept.

In this work are presented legislations which regulate the establishment and care about the animal enclosures in Lithuania and the organizations which are associated with possession of the wild animals in the enclosures. Furthermore, there are analysed the recommendations of the literature about the requirements essential to set the enclosures of the most often kept animals in the Lithuania. The information about Lithuania's enclosures is analysed and systematized and it is compared with the previous data from Lithuania. So, there are 50 enclosures in which are kept 30 species of mammalians, 16 species of birds and 1 species of mollusc in Lithuania now. It's almost 5 times more than in 1998 year. The most favourite are the medium size farms in which from 1 to 50 vertebrate animals and till 50 000 edible snails are kept . The enclosures are established for the different reasons: the hobbi or aesthetical demands of the owner, tourism, reaclimatisation, the help for the injured animal, multiplication of the fauna which is hunted, developement of the trophy hunting, the training of the dogs, the profit, the changing of the traditional agriculture tendency to the ecological one, even the breeding of the new kindes. Most of farms are neutral in the aspect of profit . However the perspectives for the future are, but they depend on the sort of animals kept.

The following goal of the study was formulated to properly research the topic of the final paper: to reveal the problems related to animal welfare and protection. The following objectives were formulated in order to achieve the set goal: 1. To present the concept of animal welfare and protection; 2. To review the historical development of animal welfare and protection; 3. To analyze the most problematic areas of animal welfare and protection; 4. To analyze the peculiarities of liability for cruelty to animals. The paper consisted of three parts. The first one analyzed the concept of animal welfare and protection, the methods of assessing animal welfare, the main functions of the institutions ensuring animal welfare and protection and the historical development of animal welfare and protection. The most problematic areas of animal welfare and protection were discussed in the second part. The problems of homeless animal welfare and protection were researched: the causes of increase in the number of homeless animals and the measures reducing this number were assessed, mandatory pet marking and registration and euthanasia of healthy homeless animals was also focused on. The second part also delved into legal regulation of ritualistic animal sacrifices and its compliance with the laws of the European Union. Violations of circus animal welfare and protection were also researched. The third part presented the analysis of the concepts of cruelty to animals and animal torture. The problem of separating these two concepts was discussed. This part of the paper also analyzed the legal regulation of liability for cruelty to animals and evaluated the experience of foreign countries. The study of court practice revealed the problems of applying administrative and criminal liability for cruelty to animals in practice. Results of various researches, specialized texts, opinions of the animal welfare organization representatives, legal norms and their application and experience of foreign countries were analyzed in the paper. The carried out research allowed drawing the conclusions and offering recommendations.

The following goal of the study was formulated to properly research the topic of the final paper: to reveal the problems related to animal welfare and protection. The following objectives were formulated in order to achieve the set goal: 1. To present the concept of animal welfare and protection; 2. To review the historical development of animal welfare and protection; 3. To analyze the most problematic areas of animal welfare and protection; 4. To analyze the peculiarities of liability for cruelty to animals. The paper consisted of three parts. The first one analyzed the concept of animal welfare and protection, the methods of assessing animal welfare, the main functions of the institutions ensuring animal welfare and protection and the historical development of animal welfare and protection. The most problematic areas of animal welfare and protection were discussed in the second part. The problems of homeless animal welfare and protection were researched: the causes of increase in the number of homeless animals and the measures reducing this number were assessed, mandatory pet marking and registration and euthanasia of healthy homeless animals was also focused on. The second part also delved into legal regulation of ritualistic animal sacrifices and its compliance with the laws of the European Union. Violations of circus animal welfare and protection were also researched. The third part presented the analysis of the concepts of cruelty to animals and animal torture. The problem of separating these two concepts was discussed. This part of the paper also analyzed the legal regulation of liability for cruelty to animals and evaluated the experience of foreign countries. The study of court practice revealed the problems of applying administrative and criminal liability for cruelty to animals in practice. Results of various researches, specialized texts, opinions of the animal welfare organization representatives, legal norms and their application and experience of foreign countries were analyzed in the paper. The carried out research allowed drawing the conclusions and offering recommendations.

In the master's work there are analysed theoretical aspects of animal rights protection in EU, comparative analysis of the protection of stray dogs in four ES countries had been conducted (Lithuania, Sweden, the Netherlands and Slovenia), the possibilities of improvement of Lithuanian stray dogs' rights and reduction of their number have been presented. In the first part of the work evaluation of homeless animal's rights in the EU has been conducted (providing the notion of homeless animals, statistical analysis of the number of homeless animals in EU, the causes of the refusing of animals), discussing on the theoretical aspect of homeless animals' protection, the main features of the protection and control of homeless animals in EU (legal aspects of animal rights in EU, the administrative structure of homeless animals' protection and control, the means of reducing the number of homeless animals). In the second part of the work there is conducted comparative analysis of homeless dogs' protection in four EU countries (Lithuania, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Slovenia), which consists of: comparative analysis of these homeless dogs' population, animal welfare legal regulation and control of the number of homeless dogs (registration of homeless dogs, the number of shelters, attitudes towards euthanasia, sterilisation, dog owner education). Having analysed the main features of Sweden, the Netherlands and Slovenia's homeless animal rights and population control systems and compared them with the situation in Lithuania, in the third part of the work there are proposals put forward for the increase of homeless dog's rights and the reduction of their number based on those (other countries) systems.

In the master's work there are analysed theoretical aspects of animal rights protection in EU, comparative analysis of the protection of stray dogs in four ES countries had been conducted (Lithuania, Sweden, the Netherlands and Slovenia), the possibilities of improvement of Lithuanian stray dogs' rights and reduction of their number have been presented. In the first part of the work evaluation of homeless animal's rights in the EU has been conducted (providing the notion of homeless animals, statistical analysis of the number of homeless animals in EU, the causes of the refusing of animals), discussing on the theoretical aspect of homeless animals' protection, the main features of the protection and control of homeless animals in EU (legal aspects of animal rights in EU, the administrative structure of homeless animals' protection and control, the means of reducing the number of homeless animals). In the second part of the work there is conducted comparative analysis of homeless dogs' protection in four EU countries (Lithuania, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Slovenia), which consists of: comparative analysis of these homeless dogs' population, animal welfare legal regulation and control of the number of homeless dogs (registration of homeless dogs, the number of shelters, attitudes towards euthanasia, sterilisation, dog owner education). Having analysed the main features of Sweden, the Netherlands and Slovenia's homeless animal rights and population control systems and compared them with the situation in Lithuania, in the third part of the work there are proposals put forward for the increase of homeless dog's rights and the reduction of their number based on those (other countries) systems.

The rapid expansion of industry and urbanization caused the new problems of safe nutrition, because the danger was caused to contaminate the food products with industrial and household waste and new chemical substances. The heavy metals, chlororganic pesticides and PCB are especially dangerous. Although these pollutants have not been used for about 30 years, they are still found in our food. They are characterized by long life and ability to accumulate in the live organisms; therefore they are the initiators of the principal modern diseases, such as cancer, vascular diseases, disorders of inner secretion glands and other organs. The purpose is to analyze the heavy metals, pesticides and PCB encountered in food products, and to compare this data with the legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania and the European Union. Tasks:  To discuss the peculiarities of heavy metals, pesticides and PCB in the survey of literature and their way to the food products.  To determine the factors, which cause the different contamination in food products.  To generalize the literature that analyzes the features of heavy metals and pesticides, and to analyze the influence of heavy metals and pesticides on human health.  To analyze the results received from the tests of heavy metals, and to compare them with the norms stated for the heavy metals in HN – 54: 2003, and with the EU No. 1881/2006 norms. Topicality of the work. The nutrition, assortment of used food and its quality have a big influence on the human health. However the modern person does not find it sufficient to follow the classical and usual nutrition principles. He needs fresh air and water, healthy and full-valued food. Some raw materials of the food products of animal origin still contain hazardous substances, such as heavy metals, pesticides, PCB. After I have done the work I can state that: 1. The amounts of lead exceeding the norm were determined in 1998-2004 in the liver and kidney of cattle and pork, and in milk. 2. Cadmium exceeded the norms in 2002 by 11.5% in the samples of cattle from the 61 analyzed, and in 2003 in 51 analyzed samples the norm was exceeded by 6%. It was exceeded 4 times more than allowed. The concentration was not exceeded in other samples. 3. Although the remains of substances are not big, these pesticides have not been used for 30 years, and they should not be found in food products. Thus it proves one more that there should be used less chemical substances in agriculture. 4. DDT dominates in the products of animal origin and its biggest part is accumulated in aqueous animals. 5. The remains of pesticides and PCB have not exceeded the norms in the food products of animal origin allowed by the EU and RL. 6. The small amounts of the pollutants found in the food products of animal origin oblige us to monitor the food products all the time.

In this master paper the conception of legal regulation on animal welfare protection in biomedical research is overviewed. In the first part the concept of animal welfare, the history and the regulatory reasons are analysed in terms of theoretical aspects. In the second part the international, European Union and national legislation on animal welfare in biomedical research is analysed.

In this master paper the conception of legal regulation on animal welfare protection in biomedical research is overviewed. In the first part the concept of animal welfare, the history and the regulatory reasons are analysed in terms of theoretical aspects. In the second part the international, European Union and national legislation on animal welfare in biomedical research is analysed.

Care for and rights protection of homeless animals are the pressing problems of today's World. The attitudes of EU members towards homeless animals do differ depending on national policies and legislation, local traditions, history and culture. The problem of homeless animals' excessive reproduction is recognised at some level but not yet globally. Society is ready to care and protect homeless animals, which shows the level of its consciousness and responsibility. The purpose of this master's work is to analyze the issues concerning the rights and protection of homeless animals; define the root of the problems and suggest the solutions relying on the expertise of Lithuanian specialists who work for the animal welfare, and incorporating the successful experience of EU countries. The literature of both foreign and Lithuanian authors has been studied in the project in order to help to indicate and set the tasks for this work and to support the validity of choosing the topic. In order to evaluate the efficiency of regulations concerning the welfare and rights of homeless animals, the analysis of legal (and other types) documents of Lithuanian Republic, European Union, United Kingdom and German Federation has been undertaken. The information gathered from observing the activity of the administrative and public structures as well as the experience of problem-solving in the EU and summarizing the views of Lithuanian experts have all supported the hypothesis that the problems of homeless animals welfare and rights are not dealt with efficiently (this suggests that the issues are not paid as much attention as the current situation demands). The project is concluded with the presentation of fundamental changes in legislation of the Republic of Lithuania along with the recommendations towards legislative and executive structures of the EU to introduce the so-called principle of "one window" in terms of approaching the issues regarding animal wellbeing. It is also suggested to draw on the successful experience and to implement registration, sterilization/castration of animals on the national level. Educational programs and strict sanctions will stimulate public awareness of the issues. The more the people are aware about the problems the more likely they are to take more responsibility for their animals as well as their breeding which in general will promote a more civilized and educated society.

Care for and rights protection of homeless animals are the pressing problems of today's World. The attitudes of EU members towards homeless animals do differ depending on national policies and legislation, local traditions, history and culture. The problem of homeless animals' excessive reproduction is recognised at some level but not yet globally. Society is ready to care and protect homeless animals, which shows the level of its consciousness and responsibility. The purpose of this master's work is to analyze the issues concerning the rights and protection of homeless animals; define the root of the problems and suggest the solutions relying on the expertise of Lithuanian specialists who work for the animal welfare, and incorporating the successful experience of EU countries. The literature of both foreign and Lithuanian authors has been studied in the project in order to help to indicate and set the tasks for this work and to support the validity of choosing the topic. In order to evaluate the efficiency of regulations concerning the welfare and rights of homeless animals, the analysis of legal (and other types) documents of Lithuanian Republic, European Union, United Kingdom and German Federation has been undertaken. The information gathered from observing the activity of the administrative and public structures as well as the experience of problem-solving in the EU and summarizing the views of Lithuanian experts have all supported the hypothesis that the problems of homeless animals welfare and rights are not dealt with efficiently (this suggests that the issues are not paid as much attention as the current situation demands). The project is concluded with the presentation of fundamental changes in legislation of the Republic of Lithuania along with the recommendations towards legislative and executive structures of the EU to introduce the so-called principle of "one window" in terms of approaching the issues regarding animal wellbeing. It is also suggested to draw on the successful experience and to implement registration, sterilization/castration of animals on the national level. Educational programs and strict sanctions will stimulate public awareness of the issues. The more the people are aware about the problems the more likely they are to take more responsibility for their animals as well as their breeding which in general will promote a more civilized and educated society.

Thesis research was based on state food and veterinary service veterinarians survey answers. After veterinarians of 32 districts were questioned, animal welfare situation in Lithuania, the most important problems with which veterinarians face during audits, most common companion animal welfare violations and measures which, in veterinarians' opinion, could improve state food and veterinary service work ensuring animal welfare were established. Also animal welfare legislation in Lithuania and Europe union was analysed in thesis, and some legalized measures to ensure animal welfare in other Europe countries.

Thesis research was based on state food and veterinary service veterinarians survey answers. After veterinarians of 32 districts were questioned, animal welfare situation in Lithuania, the most important problems with which veterinarians face during audits, most common companion animal welfare violations and measures which, in veterinarians' opinion, could improve state food and veterinary service work ensuring animal welfare were established. Also animal welfare legislation in Lithuania and Europe union was analysed in thesis, and some legalized measures to ensure animal welfare in other Europe countries.