Suchergebnisse

The term anti-politics refers to a whole catalog of phenomena such as the decline in citizens' interest in politics and participation in formal political institutions the process of depoliticization and technocratization of democracy and the rise inpopularity of right-wing populist parties and nationalism. The purpose of this article isto explore what anti-politics really is. This requires not only going beyond an analysis of current politicsbut also a pure descriptivism that simply registers changes in the attitudes of participants in public life. It is necessary to look at this complex phenomenon not only in the long termbut in different interpretive contexts

The purpose of this research is to illustrate the phenomenon of common crime in the eastern areas of Poland from 1921-1925. In the text, the author gives examples of this and its cause and effect on the functioning of the young Polish state. The timeline of the study covers the period from the signing of the Riga Treaty ending the Polish-Soviet War in 1921, to 1925 when the Bolsheviks temporarily gave up their aggressive attempts to spread communism in Europe. The author of the study focused on the most important type of crimes characteristic of the borderland such as robbery and smuggling, using the literature on the subject, source publications, and archival resources, mainly from the Central Military Archives, the Border Guard Archives in Szczecin, and Ukrainian archives in Lviv and Tarnopol. The research aims to show the characteristic types of common crimes, their connection with anti-Polish activities on the part of the USSR and Lithuania, and the intertwining of political crime with criminal offences. In the work, the author uses the critical analysis of sources, literary analysis, and the comparative method.

The anti-vaccination movement, which has been present worldwide for nearly two hundred years, has become an extraordinarily visible movement of protest against the announced COVID-19 pandemic and mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The National Association for Knowledge on Vaccine STOP NOP, known for years – during a pandemic – along with echo chambers in alt-internet resonating anti-COVID, anti-mask and anti-vaccine propaganda, has become one of the main participants in the COVID discourse effectively influencing the opinions, attitudes and behaviors of Poles towards the virus, COVID restrictions and vaccines.

One of the consequences of the influx of refugees and immigrants to the European continent is the rise of anti-immigration sentiments. These translate, among other things, into the emergence of anti-immigrant social movements. The subject of consideration will be their activity in our country. They have intensified due to the immigration crisis, which has been de facto unnoticeable in Poland so far. In contrast, now, when Poland is facing an unprecedented influx of refugees and immigrants from Ukraine, anti-immigrant movements are of marginal significance. The study will show anti-immigration movements in Poland from the pe rspective of selected theories from the social sciences. Then, the factors influencing the development of this type of social activity in Poland will be discussed. The last part will present the previous activity of anti-immigration movements in our country. The central hypothesis is based on the assumption that factors potentially conducive to developing anti-immigrant movements have emerged in Poland. They took the form of an influx of immigrants and refugees on a previously unprecedented scale and under the conditions of watershed moments, including the migration crisis in Europe, the COVID-19 pandemic, the immigration crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border, the war in Ukraine and the deteriorating economic situation. On the other hand, a group of factors led by the political situation, which has so far effectively limited the growth of these movements on a broader scale, has emerged.

The aim of the article was to analyze the ideology of the People's Party–Our Slovakia (Ľudová strana naše Slovensko, ĽSNS), established in 2009. The first part of the text discusses the definitions of political extremism and then presents this phenomenon in Slovakia in a historical perspective. The most important categories of topics discussed by ĽSNS in election programs and party rhetoric, as well as party activity to date were analyzed in detail: the nation, anti-Roma and anti-immigration attitudes, and distance towards the West.

The changes occurring in countries of Central and Eastern Europe after 1945 deprived young people of their subjectivity, divested them of the possibility of legal activities outside the structures controlled by the rulers. Simultaneously, the activities taken by the latter threatened the values which were fundamental for the most of them. Some of young people attempted – more or less – to engage in active resistance, usually determined axiologically. It took, among other things, the form of refusal to participate in official youth organisations while staying in religious communities. Some also publicly expressed their oppositions in the form of participation in street demonstrations. Others joined the anti-communist underground or established their own underground groups. Young people's anti-system attitudes were discussed on the examples of Belarus, Estonia, Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, the German Democratic Republic and Ukraine.

This paper studies the multifaceted and definitude specificity of totalitarianism in the context of the humanitarian-personalist concept of the socio-political life of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński. The analysis of the discussed topics provides a unique insight into the nature of totalitarianism, in both the version of German Nazism and in Communism with the Soviet origin and provenances. However, the reinterpretation of the above systems from the perspective of Christian personalist praxeology allows one to notice and present the fundamental assumptions of these concepts' entirely anti-human and anti-Christian paradigm. Moreover, unveiling the entire agenda of totalitarianism makes it easier to interpret these concepts in terms of not only defining but also legitimizing, and even authenticating, some of the most terrifying and degenerated systemic government-ruling forms of the 20th century. It is of crucial importance, especially nowadays, when the emerging trends often downplay and soften the criminal nature of the above systems and even consider the "totalitarian model" as a "specific historical phenomenon" attempting to resolve many crucial but complex issues of political, cultural, and economic nature.

The phenomenon of anti-vaccination movement in cyberspace, or fake news and post-truth in the service of Andrew Wakefield hypothesis
Abstract
The opponents of vaccinations have been expressing their concerns about the undesirable effects of vaccinations for more than two hundred years. They are guided by religious and ideological reasons and refuse to immunize themselves and children. They argue that the obligation to vaccinate is a limitation of their human rights. The vaccination movement has been present in the social sphere since the 19th century, however after the publication of Andrew Wakefield's article on the subject of the alleged connection between vaccination and autism – the movement became very popular and contributed to a significant increase in the number of unvaccinated children in some countries. Nowadays, in the cyberspace and mass communication, it seems that both medical and social sciences face new challenges related to the spread of the movement. Hate speech, fake news and disinformation present in cyberspace strengthen and consolidate anti-vaccine attitudes. The phenomenon of Facebook means that every information can be made available to other users a few thousand times – even the untrue and misleading

(Anti)protagonists? Disability in the postwar Serbian proseThe Author made an attempt to the analysis of chosen works written by three Serbian writers: Ivo Andrić (The Bridge on the Drina), Miodrag Bulatović (The Red Rooster Flies Heavenwards) and Danilo Kiš (Garden, Ashes). Her purpose is to answer the question which is focused on the category of the antiprotagonist in the context of the disability studies. The Author is focused on the similarities in representations of the disability in the postwar Serbian prose. She shows also the necesserity of the connection between the disability studies and other research perspectives.
Keywords: disability, feminist criticism, madness, Serbian literature, Yugoslavia

A part of anti-Ukrainian discourses on the Polish-language Internet is related to the perception of migration through the prism of an economic profit and loss account. Before February 24, 2022, threads related to the labor market were popular. Currently, there has been a shift towards narratives focusing on the alleged privilege of migrants from Ukraine – as well as on the "weakness" of the Polish state. In the text, I look at these discourses in detail – both in quantitative and qualitative terms. The publication is based on the results of the Counterhate project carried out jointly by the Centrum im. B. Geremek, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights and Securelex.

The aim of the article was to define the attitude of Polish parliamentary political parties towards the issue of climate change in the years 2005–2019. Discourse Network Analysis, used in the study, allowed to identify the most frequently co-occurring concepts expressed by different parties over the past fifteen years, as well as, to present the affiliation networks between the parties. The postulates regarding climate policy proposed by Polish election committees were gradually modified in the analyzed period. The gradual convergence of pro-climate positions of Polish parliamentary parties is visible over time, while the structure of anti-climate positions becoming less coherent. However, there is still a visible difference in the approach to climate protection between the centrist and left-wing parties and those identifying themselves as right-wing.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the endeavors undertaken by the authorities of independent Lithuania to deal with the crimes committed by the Soviet Union against Lithuanian society, in particular against representatives of the anti-Soviet resistance movement, by using the notion of crime of genocide rooted in international law. The judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Drelingas v. Lithuania of 12 March 2019, which approved the legality of the qualification of "ethno-national-political" genocide of "forest brethren" committed by the Soviet occupation authorities, was one of the key elements confirming the Lithuanian policy in this regard. This ruling reopens the discussion on the possibility of trying the crimes of the Soviet Union, at the same time raising certain legal and political doubts – as generally expressed by the Russian Federation.

The aim of the study is to show the program volume of Zbigniew Herbert, Mr Cogito from 1974, as a collection in which the poet transforms into as much a resonator as a revisor of the basic Polish romantic aesthetic and ethical representations – in Mr Cogito he always identified with the writing of Juliusz Słowacki. The anthropology of Kordian, Lilla Weneda and Anhelli not only influences the activities of Herbertian Mr Cogito, but also shapes his post-heroic genealogy and, speaking the language of Karl Dedecius, "orientation in the postmetaphysical world". Herbert (as has been shown) thinks about Słowacki in a deep and complex way, focusing his interest on the anthropological potential of the romantic poet's heroes and Herbert's own construction and deconstruction game with the mythology produced by Słowacki (venenedism, anhellism, heroism and anti-heroism in Kordian).

The aim of the article is to define and catalog the factors preventing political entropy in an international realm – natural tendency of increasing of disorder and progressing of disintegration in global scale. In the first part of the paper, the author extensively referred on how the second law of thermodynamics – the law of entropy are used by social scientists for explanation of phenomena of their interest, and on the basis of available scientific literature, the metaphor of political entropy was formulated. Subsequently, in the second part of the article, this metaphor was used as a framework for identification, highlighting and classification of those factors, which – in the author's opinion – significantly contribute to the slowdown or stopping entropy in an international realm. In the commentaries and conclusions, those factors were interpreted from the institutional perspective, stressing the importance of institutionalization for regulation and stabilization of international relations, and for creation of international order – the anti-thesis of political entropy.