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"This book explains what corruption is, and how to fight it. Corruption is the use of power in the public sphere for personal gain. Corruption can involve paying a bribe to facilitate a permit application, government contracts for construction or procurement, or by granting special interests influence over government or business proceedings, without cash ever changing hands. The book explores case studies of countries that have successfully managed to stem corruption, and the roles that the judicial system, auditors, ombudspersons, and the media can play in halting corruption. However, Rotberg argues, the essential ingredient to fighting corruption is a leader with the political will to tackle corruption, from whom judges, investigators, and others can take their cues. The book also explores the ways in which technology can stop corruption-moving bureaucratic processes online, for example, eliminates the possibility of being asked for a bribe. The book concludes with a thirteen-step recipe for anticorruption success"--

This article analyzes Chinese corruption in the reform era in terms of policy implementation, selecting the "anticorruption struggle" (1993-97) as a case. The author makes two arguments. First, Chinese anticorruption policy witnessed developments both in content & in implementation process. The content of anticorruption policy became clearer & more specific, & institutional supervisory mechanisms played an increasingly important role in implementation. We can confirm the process of institutionalization in the implementation of anticorruption policy. Second, the anticorruption struggle, however had fatal weaknesses in the implementation process: difficulties in mobilizing local government & party organizations, conflict in terms of policy goals, differences of opinion over anticorruption policy, & factional struggles. Moreover, problems such as the dual leadership of the party & government supervisory apparatuses hampered legal & institutional mechanisms. As a result, anticorruption policy was not successfully implemented in the 1990s. 1 Table. Adapted from the source document.