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"In this illustrated Spanish choose-your-own-ending picture book, Joey makes fun of his friend Presley in front of the whole math class. Presley gets so angry that she won't talk to him. Will she accept his apology and save their friendship? Readers make choices for Joey, with each story path leading to different outcomes. Includes four endings and discussion questions"--

Telegram from Gen. Alvaro Obregón to the city council of Magdalena, Sonora apologizing for not having visited the city. File A-020. / Telegrama del Gral. Alvaro Obregón al Ayuntamiento de Magdalena, Son., disculpándose por no haber visitado la ciudad. Exp. A-020

Correspondence between Mr. Eulalio J. Cruz and Gen. Alvaro Obregon in which the former requested the latter assistance to pay back embezzlement he committed in his office. Reply apologizing for not having cash to help. Mr. Cruz informed Gen. Obregon of the retaliations against his supporters in the Customs Administration in Agua Prieta, Sonora. / Correspondencia entre el Sr. Eulalio J. Cruz y el Gral. Alvaro Obregón en la que el primero pide ayuda para cubrir un desfalco que cometió en su oficina. Respuesta excusándose por no tener efectivo. El Sr. Cruz informa al Gral. Obregón de represalias en contra de sus partidarios en la Administración de la Aduana de Agua Prieta, Son.

Correspondence between Mr. J.L. Gutiérrez, Railroads Supervisor of the Division of Chihuahua and Gen. Alvaro Obregón, in which Gen. Obregón asks the former to make things convenient for his friend Frank Drew and those that accompany him on their trip. Reply of acknowledgment. Gen. Obregón informs Mr. J.L. Gutiérrez that the General's request was not taken care of. Reply of apology from Mr. Gutiérrez apologizing. / Correspondencia entre el Sr. J.L. Gutiérrez, Supervisor de Ferrocarriles de la División de Chihuahua y el Gral. Alvaro Obregón, en la que el Gral. Obregón pide al primero otorgue todas las facilidades para el viaje de su amigo Frank Drew y acompañantes. Respuesta de enterado. El Gral. Obregón informa al Sr. J.L. Gutiérrez que no atendió su solicitud. Respuesta disculpándose.

Telegram from Misters Pablo Novelo, Gabriel Duarte, Pedro A. Novelo, Francisco Alcocer and Antonio Padilla V., members of the administration of the Constitutionalist Party of Yucatán, to Gen. Alvaro Obregón, apologizing for not having welcomed the General when he passed through Chochola, Yucatán since they were busy with the vote recount. They announce the General's election victory to him. Reply of acknowledgment and appreciation for the message. / Telegrama de los Srs. Pablo Novelo, Gabriel Duarte, Pedro A. Novelo, Francisco Alcocer y Antonio Padilla V., miembros de la directiva del Partido Liberal Constitucionalista de Yucatán al Gral. Alvaro Obregón, disculpándose por no haberlo recibido a su paso por Chochola, Yuc., ya que se encontraban en el recuento de los votos y le indican su triunfo electoral. Respuesta de enterado y agradeciendo el mensaje.

Cover page with the seal of the Pro-Serrano Committee titled "File #86 "O". Mr. Olivares J. Ferronales, Veracruz". Note summarizing the letter that J. Olivares sent to Gen. Francisco R. Serrano, indicating that he had written him two prior letters and has not received an answer. He has spent a lot of money on the establishment of a political party and has not been provided funds. Reply from Gen. Arturo Lazo de la Vega, Chief Secretary of the Pro-Serrano Committee, apologizing for not having answered him and asking him for a report of work he has done. / Portada con el sello del Comité Pro-Serrano titulada "Expediente #86 "O". Sr. Olivares J. Ferronales, Ver.". Nota en la que se resume la carta que J. Olivares envía al Gral. Francisco R. Serrano comunicándole que le ha escrito dos cartas anteriores y no ha recibido contestación y que lleva gastado mucho dinero en la instalación de un partido político y no se le han proporcionado fondos. Respuesta del Gral. Arturo Lazo de la Vega, Secretario General del Comité Pro-Serrano, disculpándose por no haberle contestado y pidiendo un informe de los trabajos realizados.

Correspondence of Rafael Zubarán Capmany, B.A., Mayor of the Federal District and President of the Congress of Municipalities, José L. Navarro, B.A., and Gen. Alvaro Obregón concerning Gen. Obregón's trip to Puerto Mexico, Veracruz, to Tabasco and to Yucatán, also enclosed are reports sent by B.A. Zubarán Capmany. B.A. Zubarán Capmany informs Gen. Obregón of the yellow fever epidemic in the Southwest and the interview he will have with the delegates of the Guatemala's President. Gen. Obregón refers Prof. Delfina Naranjo to B.A. Zubarán Capmany for helping her get a job in a school. B.A. José Navarro informs B.A. Zubarán Capmany that Mr. John P. Wither will visit Mexico to interview Gen. Obregón and submits reports on the Mexico-U.S.A. relations. B.A. Zubarán Capmany's invitation to Gen. Obregón to attend the festival in honor of the delegates to the National Congress of Municipalities, which will take place at the Iris Theater. Thank-you reply and apologizing for not have been able to attend that event. B.A. Zubarán Capmany mails Gen. Obregón a copy of the document submitted to the Honorable Municipality of Mexico City. Mr. Adalberto Concha's business card. B.A. Zubarán Capmany's invitation card to Gen. Obregón to attend the National Congress of Municipalities. File Z-6. / Correspondencia entre el Lic. Rafael Zubarán Capmany, Presidente Municipal del D.F. y Presidente del Congreso de Ayuntamientos, el Lic. José L. Navarro y el Gral. Alvaro Obregón, relativa al viaje del Gral. Obregón de Puerto México, Ver. a Tabasco y a Yucatán e informes que le envía el Lic. Zubarán Capmany. El Lic. Zubarán Capmany informa al Gral. Obregón de la epidemia de fiebre amarilla en el Sureste y que va a entrevistarse con representantes del Presidente de Guatemala. El Gral. Obregón recomienda con el Lic. Zubarán Capmany a la Profa. Delfina Naranjo para que le dé un empleo en una escuela. El Lic. José L. Navarro comunica al Lic. Zubarán Capmany que el Sr. John P. Wither irá a México a entrevistar al Gral. Obregón y le da informes sobre relaciones México-Estados Unidos. Invitación que hace el Lic. Zubarán Capmany al Gral. Obregón para que asista al festival en honor de los Srs. Delegados al Congreso Nacional de Ayuntamientos, que se efectuará en el Teatro Esperanza Iris. Respuesta agradeciendo e indicando que no pudo asistir. El Lic. Zubarán Capmany envía al Gral. Obregón copia del trabajo presentado al H. Ayuntamiento de la ciudad de México; se anexa Proyecto de Ley de Organización del Municipio de la Ciudad de México. Tarjeta de presentación del Sr. Adalberto Concha. Invitación que envía el Lic. Zubarán Capmany al Gral. Obregón para que asista al Congreso Nacional de Ayuntamientos. Exp. Z-6

El análisis de los factores que propician el desarrollo de habilidades sociales en la niñez constituye un reto de gran relevancia para la psicología actual. El objetivo del estudio realizado fue analizar si la empatía y la experiencia de emociones positivas impactan significativamente sobre la ejecución de habilidades sociales en la niñez media, y en qué medida lo hace cada una. Se seleccionó una muestra no aleatoria de 406 niños (227 niñas y 179 varones), comprendidos mayor mente entre los 10 y 12 años de edad, quienes completaron los siguientes instrumentos, previo consentimiento de sus padres: (a) la Subescala de Habilidades Sociales Adecuadas (Matson, Rotatori & Helsel, 1983), validada a la Argentina por Schulz (2008), (b) la Escala Multidimensional de Empatía para niños argentinos (Richaud de Minzi, Lemos & Oros, 2013) y (c) el Cuestionario Infantil de Emociones Positivas (Oros, 2014). Para analizar la acción conjunta de las emociones positivas y la empatía sobre las habilidades sociales apropiadas, se ejecutó un ANOVA factorial con un diseño 3 (alta, moderada y baja emocionalidad positiva) x 3 (alta, moderada y baja empatía). La variable dependiente estuvo constituida por los valores brutos de la Subescala de Habilidades Sociales Adecuadas. Los resultados indicaron que las emociones positivas y la empatía facilitan el despliegue de conductas socialmente habilidosas, siendo mayor el impacto de las emociones positivas en comparación a la empatía. Es tos resultados son importantes a la hora de comprender la dinámica de los procesos implicados y de diseñar programas de intervención para promover habilidades sociales en la niñez. ; The implementation of social skills, such as maintaining eye contact with another person during a conversation, giving and receiving compliments, helping others, sharing something, giving thanks, asking for permission, apologizing, asking for favors, etc. enables the suitable expression of feelings, desires or opinions, promotes successful management of criticism, and minimizes the probability of interpersonal conflict, allowing people to relate to others in an effective and mutually satisfactory way. As social skills are learned and have radical consequences on the social-emotional health of children and adolescents, psychological research has devoted considerable effort to study what factors may facilitate their development and consolidation, as well as other dimensions of social competence such as assertiveness and prosociality. Reviewing the available literature, it can be seen that empathy has been one of the most largely studied personal precursor in relation to child and adolescent social functioning. Empirical research has shown that this variable acts as a strong motivator of prosocial behavior, social responsibility, cooperative conflict resolution, altruistic behavior and general help; while it negatively correlates with social inadequacy, antisocial behavior, aggression and isolation of children and adolescents. Probably for this reason, it is argued that empathy can also be the basis for the establishment of the social skills, and a requirement to properly master these interaction skills. However, although there exists ample evidence of the relationship between empathy and some negative aspects of social skills, such as aggression, there are very few studies that have specifically explored the dynamics between empathy and appropriate social skills. On the other hand, although the predominance of empathy on social functioning is undeniable and its study has been favored by many researchers, some evidence suggets that positive emotions may have a similar powerful influence on the development of certain skills and social skills. Specifically, in the stages of childhood and adolescence, it has been found that joy and sympathy prevent peer rejection; that sympathy and serenity ease assertive and prosocial responses, while decreasing aggressive behaviors; that gratitude is also negatively related to aggression, and that together with personal satisfaction and serenity, it predicts a successful management of interpersonal conflicts. However, while the motivational role of empathy has been widely discussed, the influence of positive emotions on social skills, and specifically on the social skills has not yet reached the attention it deserves. The aim of this study was to include both variables in a model of analysis of variance to investigate the statistical weight that each of them has, and their possible interaction on the appropriate social skills in childhood. A empirical comparative and cross study was developed. This work included 406 Argentine children (227 females and 179 males), mainly between the ages of 10 and 12 years old (M = 11.11; DE = 1.04), who completed the Appropriate Social Skills Subscale of The Matson Evaluation of Social Skills of Youngsters (MESSY) of Matson, Rotatori and Helsel (1983), adapted in Argentinean population by Schulz (2008); The Multidimensional Scale of Empathy for Argentine children, developed by Richaud de Minzi, Lemos & Oros (2013); and the Child Questionnaire of positive emotions, created by Oros (2014). To analyze the joint action of positive emotions and empathy on the appropriate social skills, 3 (high, moderate and low positive emotionality) x 3 (high, moderate and low empathy) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) factorial designs were used. The results indicated that positive emotions and empathy facilitate the performance of socially skilled behaviors, being greater the impact of positive emotions compared to empathy. These results are important in understanding the dynamics of the processes involved, and for the further design of intervention programs to promote social skills in childhood. ; Fil: Oros, Laura Beatriz. Universidad de la Cuenca del Plata. Secretaria de Politicas del Conocimiento. Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas (sede Posadas); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina ; Fil: Fontana Nalesso, Andrea. Instituto Superior Adventista de Misiones; Argentina

At the peak of the summer heat last week Americans turned on their flat TVs to watch the Sotomayor hearings before the House Judiciary Committee. But their anticipation mixed in some cases with a certain sense of foreboding, soon evaporated, and they turned their sets off again with a big yawn. Although the Republican senators who interrogated Judge Sotomayor put in full display the traits that make them a species close to extinction, their questions were tame if compared with those addressed to Anita Hill in 1991, and Sotomayor answered with caution and self-restraint.Although in that sad historic episode Hill was not the nominee but a witness against the confirmation of Judge Clarence Thomas, the echoes of that summer 18 years ago were still unmistakable: a panel of powerful middle aged white men sitting in the most powerful political institution in the country, aggressively questioning the veracity of each word uttered by a highly educated minority woman. She was questioned on a wide range of valid issues, from her views on the Constitution to her judicial philosophy to her position on several politically charged Supreme Court decisions, but the Southern Republican senators kept coming back to her views on the Second Amendment (right to bear arms), affirmative action and the insinuations of reverse racism and judicial activism. Aware that Judge Sonia Sotomayor will soon become the first Hispanic in the highest court of the United States regardless, rather than go after the votes of the fastest growing majority in the country, they chose to score points with their own right-wing base. In so doing, some of them appeared outright Jurassic in their tone: Senator Coburn from Oklahoma, in a pathetic imitation of Desi Arnaz's Cuban accent in the classic series I Love Lucy, started his interrogation of Judge Sotomayor by telling her she would have "some 'splaining to do". The implications were that Sotomayor is a reverse racist, an overemotional Latina who cannot control her temper and who lets her cultural identity influence her rulings. The ranking member of the Judiciary Committee, Senator Jefferson Beauregard Sessions III, Republican from Alabama, grilled Sotomayor on part of a speech she gave at Berkeley 17 years ago, where she said that, when making a judging, she would "hope that wise Latina woman, with the richness of her experience would more often than not reach abetter conclusion than a white male who has not lived that life", a concept that, Sessions insists, implies "reverse racism". There was quite little inquiry into Sotomayor's three thousand decisions on a wider variety of issues as a federal judge. Sotomayor stoically sat before the panel, answering their questions narrowly and sticking to three main answers: the role of a judge is to apply the laws established by the legislature, not to create new law, in absolute accordance with the Constitution, and precedent. In other words, the wise Latina, a Princeton lawyer, former prosecutor and currently a judge with 17 years of experience in the federal bench, ignored their worst innuendos and played along. It paid off: she will be confirmed as the first Hispanic Supreme Court judge on the floor of the Senate August 7th.The country as a whole could then move on to the intense debate taking place in Congress over health care reform. There is consensus that it is imperative to get it done soon: its expenses represent 1/6th of the national US economy, its out- of- control costs affect all Americans and threaten to bankrupt the national economy in the long term. Because of Bill Clinton's failure to get health care reform passed, Obama has from the beginning stressed the importance of speed in passing this bill, and gave Congress a lot of leeway in the details of the plan, and a deadline of early August, which apparently will not be met. Not only is the Democratic proposal unacceptable for most Republicans, who have attacked it with force, but now the Congressional Democrats are divide among themselves into three groups. The Blue Dog Democrats, mostly from the South, are fiscally conservative and do not believe the President can fund the plan without further increasing the deficit to breaking point levels. The progressives or liberals cannot accept anything less than universal coverage with a public plan to compete with the private insurance companies. In the middle, the moderates are willing to sacrifice those principles in order to get some kind of reform passed, because they fear failure more than anything else.The latter may also be the stance of the President since it is consistent with his style of leadership. His tendency to emphasize consensus and try to reconcile all groups many times results on watered down legislation, which is then claimed as a triumph for the White House. His emphasis on speeding the process and his willingness to accept the lower common denominator has made it impossible for him to get what he needs out of the primary players. With a 70% majority in the House and with 60 seats out of 100 in the Senate, the President will be hard put to explain failure in passing health care reform, since he won't be able to blame the Republicans. Speaker Pelosi, who is a strong leader and has managed to get party discipline in most cases so far, insists that she has the votes and promises to pass substantial reform, but as the deadline approaches, it appears increasingly likely that Congress will leave for its August break without a vote. In the meantime, public anxiety is on the rise: it is a complex topic, the options are sometimes hard to understand and the public is being misled by those opposed to reform.President Obama had an important opportunity to retool his message and clearly articulate why the country really needs health care reform now rather than later, last Wednesday, during his prime time press conference. He started in cue, but his message became completely obliterated when one of the journalists asked him an unrelated question about a bizarre incident involving a black Harvard professor and a white Massachusetts police sergeant. Seeing this opportunity as one of his famous "teachable moments", the President, who knows the professor personally, got ensnared in an unlikely local issue involving race and police profiling. It seem that returning from a trip to China, a Harvard professor and his driver were trying to unlock the door to his house in an affluent Cambridge neighborhood when a neighbor called the police and reported what looked to her to be an attempted break-in. When the policeman got there and questioned Professor Gates, a middle aged African American who walks with a cane, he angrily responded that this was his house, that he was a Harvard professor and that the policeman was racist and was using racial profiling in trying to stop him from entering his own house. The exchange continued for a while and ended up with Sergeant Crowley handcuffing and arresting Professor Gates, and taking him to the police station. He was released a few hours later. Obama's answer was that he did not know all the facts and that it appeared it was a misunderstanding but that the police had acted "stupidly". This was enough to ignite a major national debate that overshadowed more important issues at hand, for example, the health care discussions.While a highly paid tenured professor in the richest university in the world is an unlikely victim, and does not need the President of the United States to defend him, particularly in the city of Cambridge, which boasts a Black mayor, in the state of Massachusetts, which has a Black governor, the episode nevertheless was seized by Obama as an opportunity to have another conversation on race, of those that make Americans so uncomfortable. But the opposition did not lose a moment to portray the President as "against law enforcement", and Fox News misquoted him as saying the policeman was stupid (instead of "acted stupidly"). Obama then had to intervene again to stop the silliness, apologizing from his comment, explaining how there had been overreaction from both sides involved in the incident and inviting them both for a beer at the White House, which both the Sergeant and the Professor gladly accepted. So all ended well…just like the Sotomayor hearings. But the fact still remains that if you are Black or Hispanic in the United States, your chances of getting arrested or subdued by force by the police are much higher than if you are white Caucasian. And your chances of getting harassed by the Senate Judiciary Committee when nominated for the Supreme Court are apparently as high.Both the Supreme Court hearings and the arrest of the Harvard professor can be seen through multiple prisms: the race prism, the gender prism and the class prism. All involve unequal relations of power and their effects on the dispensing of justice and on the national psyche.Judge Sonia Sotomayor's rise from the Bronx projects to Princeton, Yale and the federal bench show that the American system works, in spite of the "ancien régime" Republican Senators from the formerly racist South. She had to overcome being poor, female and Hispanic, but was able to navigate the system and succeed, thanks to the civil rights movement of the 60s and the laws thereby derived. Similarly, Professor Henry Louis Gates, one of the best known Black literary scholars in the country, overcame poverty and a leg injury to attend Yale and the University of Cambridge's Clare College in England. He was the first African American to receive the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellowship and today he is a Harvard Professor and Director of W.E.B Du Bois Institute for African and African- American Research. Both are considered members of affluent intellectual elite, and have thus overcome race and class biases, but occasionally still become the victims of racism. This is deplorable enough when it comes from the less educated and working-class whites who resent their success and upper class status, but utterly shameful when exploited by the privileged Old Boys in the Senate Judiciary Committee, whose hegemony is threatened by the same laws and the same Constitution they purport to defend. Senior Lecturer, Department of Political Science and Geography Director, ODU Model United Nations Program Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia