Suchergebnisse

Krajobrazno planiranje grana je interdisciplinarne struke krajobrazne arhitekture koja se temelji na očuvanju kvaliteta krajobraza, a usmjerena je usklađivanju različitih vrijednosti i interesa u prostornom razvoju. Moderna paradigma krajobraza utemeljena je na višedimenzionalnosti i interdisciplinarnosti, što u istraživačkim i analitičkim krajobraznim pristupima neizostavnim čini korištenje GIS-a. U ovom radu prikazana je primjena GIS-a u metodama i alatima krajobraznog planiranja iz perspektive struke krajobrazne arhitekture u Hrvatskoj, a obuhvaćeno je: vrednovanje krajobraza, izrada prostornih modela i strateških planova, procjena utjecaja na krajobraz uključujući vizualne analize i simulacije, procjena karaktera krajobraza te krajobrazni planovi. Radom je ujedno ukazano na raznolikost primjena alata krajobraznog planiranja u instrumentima različitih sektora koji imaju interes i odgovornost prema krajobrazu: prostornom planiranju, zaštiti prirode i okoliša, zaštiti kulturne baštine, zemljišnoj politici, ruralnom i turističkom razvoju i energetici. Također je ukazano na činjenicu da je, unatoč potpisivanju Europske konvencije o krajobrazu kojom je Hrvatska iskazala interes za inovativnim alatima planiranja, zaštite i upravljanja, do danas na institucionalnoj razini učinjeno vrlo malo, a upotreba krajobraznih pristupa u praksi je stihijska. Posebno je evidentno neprimjenjivanje GIS-a u različitim sektorskim instrumentima na svim razinama promišljanja i donošenja odluka o prostoru. ; Landscape planning is a branch of the interdisciplinary profession of landscape architecture, which is based on landscape quality protection, and focuses on harmonising different values and interests in spatial development. The modern paradigm of the landscape is based on multidimensionality and interdisciplinarity, which makes the application of GIS indispensable in researching and analysing landscape approaches. This paper presents the application of GIS within the methods and tools of landscape planning, from the perspective of the landscape architecture profession in Croatia, involving the following methods: landscape evaluation, spatial modelling, development of strategic plans, landscape and environmental impact assessment including visual analysis and simulations, landscape character assessment, and landscape plans. The paper also highlights the diversity of potential landscape planning approaches within the instruments of different sectors, concentrating on responsibility for the landscape, spatial planning, natural and environmental protection, conservation of cultural heritage, land policies, rural and tourist development, and energy issues. The paper also indicates that, despite signing the European Landscape Convention, via which Croatia showed interest in innovative planning, conservation and management approaches, there has still been no significant shift at the institutional level, with the occasional implementation of the landscape approaches in practice. The lack of use of GIS tools is especially evident within different sectoral instruments, at all levels of spatial thinking and decision-making.

Landscape planning is a branch of the interdisciplinary profession of landscape architecture, which is based on landscape quality protection, and focuses on harmonising different values and interests in spatial development. The modern paradigm of the landscape is based on multidimensionality and interdisciplinarity, which makes the application of GIS indispensable in researching and analysing landscape approaches. This paper presents the application of GIS within the methods and tools of landscape planning, from the perspective of the landscape architecture profession in Croatia, involving the following methods: landscape evaluation, spatial modelling, development of strategic plans, landscape and environmental impact assessment including visual analysis and simulations, landscape character assessment, and landscape plans. The paper also highlights the diversity of potential landscape planning approaches within the instruments of different sectors, concentrating on responsibility for the landscape, spatial planning, natural and environmental protection, conservation of cultural heritage, land policies, rural and tourist development, and energy issues.The paper also indicates that, despite signing the European Landscape Convention, via which Croatia showed interest in innovative planning, conservation and management approaches, there has still been no significant shift at the institutional level, with the occasional implementation of the landscape approaches in practice. The lack of use of GIS tools is especially evident within different sectoral instruments, at all levels of spatial thinking and decision-making. ; Krajobrazno planiranje grana je interdisciplinarne struke krajobrazne arhitekture koja se temelji na očuvanju kvaliteta krajobraza, a usmjerena je usklađivanju različitih vrijednosti i interesa u prostornom razvoju. Moderna paradigma krajobraza utemeljena je na višedimenzionalnosti i interdisciplinarnosti, što u istraživačkim i analitičkim krajobraznim pristupima neizostavnim čini korištenje GIS-a. U ovom radu prikazana je primjena GIS-a u metodama i alatima krajobraznog planiranja iz perspektive struke krajobrazne arhitekture u Hrvatskoj, a obuhvaćeno je: vrednovanje krajobraza, izrada prostornih modela i strateških planova, procjena utjecaja na krajobraz uključujući vizualne analize i simulacije, procjena karaktera krajobraza te krajobrazni planovi. Radom je ujedno ukazano na raznolikost primjena alata krajobraznog planiranja u instrumentima različitih sektora koji imaju interes i odgovornost prema krajobrazu: prostornom planiranju, zaštiti prirode i okoliša, zaštiti kulturne baštine, zemljišnoj politici, ruralnom i turističkom razvoju i energetici. Također je ukazano na činjenicu da je, unatoč potpisivanju Europske konvencije o krajobrazu kojom je Hrvatska iskazala interes za inovativnim alatima planiranja, zaštite i upravljanja, do danas na institucionalnoj razini učinjeno vrlo malo, a upotreba krajobraznih pristupa u praksi je stihijska. Posebno je evidentno neprimjenjivanje GIS-a u različitim sektorskim instrumentima na svim razinama promišljanja i donošenja odluka o prostoru.

Niz promjena na svjetskoj razini utječe na energetski sektor; posebice elektroenergetski. Ciljevi modernih država mijenjaju se zbog želje građana za boljom kvalitetom okoliša, postizanjem energetske sigurnosti i poštenije cijene energije uz sprečavanje posljedica klimatskih promjena i umanjivanje njihovih efekata. Globalni pomak za postizanje tih ciljeva očituje se povećanjem investicijskih napora, prihvaćanjem klimatskih sporazuma kroz nacionalne politike te razvojem različitih tehnologija (solarni sustavi, vjetroelektrane, električna vozila, sustavi baterija, pametne mreža, blockchain itd.),. Iako pojedini akteri još uvijek nisu prepoznali potencijal zelenog razvoja sve veći broj građana, organizacija i energetskih tvrtki uključuje se aktivno kroz energetsku tranziciju. Inovacije koje nosi zeleni razvoj posebice su zanimljive jer privlače aktere s različitom poslovnom pozadinom. Kako bi energetska tranzicija dobila dovoljan zamah sve više organizacija je uključeno u inovativno dizanje kapitala za projekte zelene energije kao što su platforme za grupno financiranje. Osim toga vidljiv je pomak pri oslobađanju kapitala manjih energetskih tvrtki koje iznajmljuju opremu za energetska postrojenja od strane građana ili koriste druge inovativne poslovne modele kako bi povećale udio obnovljivih izvora energije u energetskom portfelju te uključile građane u poslovanje. Lokalne vlasti sve više prepoznaju i prihvaćaju volju građana za poštenijim energetskim sustavom pri čemu preuzimaju aktivnu ulogu u borbi protiv klimatskih promjena i u energetskoj tranziciji. Razvoj novih koncepata zelenog razvoja omogućuje razvijanje povjerenja između energetskih tvrtki i krajnjih korisnika. ; A number of world-wide changes affect the energy sector; especially electric sector. The goals of modern states are changing due to the increasing desire of citizens to improve the quality of the environment, disere to achieve energy security and will to get a more honest price of energy, as well as preventing the consequences of climate change and mitigate their effects. Global progress towards achieving these goals is reflected in: increased investment efforts, the adoption of climate agreements through national policies and the development of various technologies (solar systems, wind power plants, electric vehicles, battery systems, smart grids, blockchain etc.). Although some actors have not yet recognized the potential of green development, an increasing number of citizens, organizations and energy companies are actively involved and linked through the energy transition. Green development is full of invoative process and it includes actors with different business background. In order for the energy transition to gain momentum, more and more organizations are involved in the alternative funding of green energy projects such as crowdfunding platforms. In addition, there is a visible shift in the capital raising of smaller energy companies that rent equipment from citizens for power plants or use other innovative business models to increase the share of renewable energy sources in their energy portfolio and involve citizens in process. Local authorities increasingly recognize and accept the need for more honest energy system by taking on an active role in combating climate change and energy transition. The development of new concepts of green development enables building of trust between energy companies and end users.

U radu se analizira mogućnost stvaranja "osobne iskaznice" za svaku novu i postojeću zgradu u urbanim područjima prenošenjem potrebnih podataka u elektronički format. Gradske vlasti, javne institucije, organizacije i vlasnici zgrada tako mogu dobiti parametarske podatke o zgradi koristeći pametne telefone ili tablete. Zahvaljujući QR aplikaciji, pristup građevinskom fondu koji je izložen seizmičkom utjecaju postao je izuzetno brz i lako dostupan putem pametnih telefona i tableta. S predloženim iOS/Android sustavom umnogome je smanjena potreba za administrativnim formalnostima za pristup informacijama i dokumentima neke građevine osjetljive na utjecaj potresa. ; The possibility of creating an "ID card" for each new and existing building in urban areas, based on transfer of necessary data into electronic format, is analysed in the paper. Local governments, public institutions, organizations, and building owners are thus able to obtain parametric information about the building using smart phones or tablets. Thanks to QR application, the access to building Inventory under seismic impact has become extremely fast and easily accessible via smart phones and tablets. The proposed IOS/Android system greatly reduces the need to go through administrative formalities to obtain information and documents relating to an earthquake-prone building.

Cilj je ovog rada sagledati i analizirati aktivnosti usmjerene protiv seksualnog nasilja povezanog s oružanim sukobima, a koje se provode unutar sustava UN-a i koji su ili mogu biti primjeri primjene koncepta odgovornosti za pružanje zaštite (engl. responsibility to protect – RtoP) na putu k učinkovitoj borbi protiv korištenja seksualnog nasilja u oružanim sukobima. RtoP je relativno novi instrument političkih odnosa koji pretpostavlja odgovornost države da stanovništvo na svom području primjereno zaštiti od genocida, zločina protiv čovječnosti, ratnih zločina i etničkog čišćenja, s jedne strane. S druge strane pretpostavlja i odgovornost međunarodne zajednice u poticanju i pomaganju država kako bi one lakše ostvarile svoju primarnu odgovornost, ali i poduzimanje pravodobnih i odlučnih mjera kada primarna odgovornost očito izostaje. Te se odgovornosti sagledavaju u kontekstu, tzv. tri stupa RtoP koncepta, kroz koje se može promatrati i zaštita pojedinaca (uglavnom žena, ali ne isključivo) od seksualnog nasilja povezanog s oružanim sukobima. ; This paper aims to consider and analyze activities against conflict-related sexual violence, which are carried out within the UN system and represent or may serve as examples of the implementation of the concept of responsibility to protect (RtoP) on the path to effectively combating sexual violence in armed conflict. RtoP is a relatively new instrument of political relations that presupposes the responsibility of the state to adequately protect the population in its territory from genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and ethnic cleansing, on the one hand, and the responsibility of the international community to encourage and assist states in their primary responsibility and taking timely and decisive measures when primary responsibility is clearly absent, on the other. These responsibilities are seen in the context of the socalled three pillars of the RtoP concept, through which the protection of individuals (mostly women, but not exclusively) from ...

U članku se analiziraju pojedina dvojbena pravna pitanja koja se javljaju u praksi prekograničnoga poslovanja društava za osiguranje na jedinstvenom unutarnjem tržištu Europske unije s aspekta važećega pravnog uređenja u Republici Hrvatskoj. Analiza se ponajprije odnosi na pitanja koja se javljaju u praktičnoj primjeni pravila o slobodi pružanja usluga osiguranja predviđenih propisima Europske unije koja se u hrvatski pravni sustav prenose Zakonom o osiguranju. Cilj je rada ukazati na izazove koje za industriju osiguranja u Republici Hrvatskoj donosi liberalizacija tržišta osiguranja zajamčena pravnom stečevinom Europske unije te pružiti određene preporuke koje bi hrvatskim osigurateljima i ostalim pružateljima usluga osiguranja mogle biti korisne kod donošenja poslovne odluke o mogućem prekograničnom obavljanju poslova osiguranja. ; The paper analyses certain legal dilemmas that arise in relation to the provision of cross-border insurance services on the European union single market, particularly in the context of the Croatian legal framework. The analysis covers several issues arising in relation to the practical application of the EU rules on freedom to provide insurance services as implemented in the Croatian national law by the Croatian Insurance Act. Special consideration is given to certain specific legal issues that appear in practice as dubious when it comes to insurance of certain types of risk with a cross-border element, The aim is to point at the challenges that the liberalisation of the insurance market places in front of the Croatian insurance industry, and to make certain recommendations that could be useful to the Croatian insurers and other insurance service providers when deciding on the possibility of carrying on crossborder insurance business.

Glavni je cilj rada utvrđivanje suvremenih promjena sastava stanovništva Srednje Like prema dobi i prema sektoru djelatnosti. U tu svrhu provedene su prostorna i demogeografska analiza korištenjem popisnih podataka za godine 1971. i 2011. na prostornoj razini jedinice lokalne samouprave (kao i njihovih sjedišta) te za Srednju Liku u cjelini, a opažanja na terenu pridonijela su razumijevanju utjecaja utvrđenih procesa na prostor, odnosno krajolik Srednje Like. Također, kako bi se dobio bolji uvid, provedena je analiza kretanja ukupnog broja stanovnika Srednje Like u razdoblju od druge polovine 20. stoljeća. Promatrajući dob stanovništva, rezultati istraživanja su pokazali kako je u promatranom razdoblju na svim promatranim razinama došlo do značajnog starenja stanovništva čime dobno-spolna piramida poprima oblik urne. Pri tome je za obje promatrane godine najveća ostarjelost stanovništva zabilježena u Općini Lovinac, a najmanja u Gradu Gospiću. Nadalje, u promatranom je razdoblju zbog starenja stanovništva na području Srednje Like opća stopa aktivnosti sve niža. Također, došlo je do prestrukturiranja stanovništva prema djelatnostima tercijarnog i kvartarnog sektora uz napuštanje tradicionalnih primarnih djelatnosti. S obzirom na trenutačne okolnosti, u narednim popisima stanovništva očekuje se na analiziranom području daljnji nastavak izrazito nepovoljnih demografskih i ekonomskih procesa. ; The main goal of this paper is to discuss the modern developments in the population composition of Central Lika according to the population's age and economic sector of activity. For this purpose, a spatial and a demo- -geographic analysis were conducted by using census data from the years 1971 and 2011, both on the spatial level of local government units (and their seats), as well as Central Lika as a whole. Field observations helped understand the influence of established processes on the space, or rather the landscape of Central Lika. Additionally, in order to gain better insight, an analysis of the total population number trend for Central Lika was conducted, covering the time frame from the second half of the 20th century until now. By taking a closer look at the age of the population, the results of the research have shown that, in the covered time frame, a significant population ageing trend can be noted on all observed levels. This has led to the population pyramid taking the shape of an urn. For both studied years, the highest rate of population ageing has been noted in the Lovinac municipality, and the lowest in the Town of GospiÊ. Furthermore, in the observed time frame, the general rate of activity in the Central Lika area is lower due to the ageing of the population. Moreover, there has been an economic sector restructuring in the population, with a stark shift toward the tertiary and quaternary sector, and the population abandoning traditional activities of the primary sector. Considering the current circumstances, in the upcoming population census, a continuation of severely adverse demographic and economic processes is expected in the analysed area.

The paper looks into the effectiveness of the application of preferential quotas for electoral posts & compares the different quota systems in the EU countries. Starting from the assumption that political parties in contemporary democracies are major actors in the representation of women in national parliaments, the author analyses the (un)favourable conditions for women in candidacy procedures & some examples of (un)successful quota implementations. The conclusion is that a successful application of the quotas for women depends on a set of additional variables such as the quota application in proportional electoral systems, the entrenchment of the quotas in women's movements & their consistent & long-term implementation. Tables, Graphs, References. Adapted from the source document.

The paper looks into the effectiveness of the application of preferential quotas for electoral posts & compares the different quota systems in the EU countries. Starting from the assumption that political parties in contemporary democracies are major actors in the representation of women in national parliaments, the author analyses the (un)favourable conditions for women in candidacy procedures & some examples of (un)successful quota implementations. The conclusion is that a successful application of the quotas for women depends on a set of additional variables such as the quota application in proportional electoral systems, the entrenchment of the quotas in women's movements & their consistent & long-term implementation. Tables, Graphs, References. Adapted from the source document.

The authors analyze the use of the focus groups method as a qualitative form of research, which bases its analysis & interpretation primarily on the interaction between respondents. They clarify the possibilities, ways & methodology of its application, & compare it with related methods, pointing out its advantages & shortcomings. Examples are provided of the method's increasingly frequent application in scientific practice, after decades of its successful application for market research purposes, especially in marketing & in public relations. In the social sciences, it is mostly used as a complementary method, ie., as a supplement to related methods, & as a method for pre-testing & operationalization of research instruments. Focus groups allow deep inquiry into reasons, attitudes, values, motives, meanings, beliefs... Adapted from the source document.

The author describes the evolution of philosophical foundations of the mechanical & the organic principle, from Spencer to Whitehead as well as Durkheim's first application of these principles (mechanical & organic solidarity) & their sociological extensions as a form of sociability (L. v. Wiese, Gurvitch). The author gives a detailed review of the application of the mechanical & the organic as a structure of organization in the science of management (Burns, Stalker, & later theoreticians). The mechanical & the organic principles identify the structure of being, society, & organizations from the point of view of the capacities of individuals & their involuntary or voluntary ties. The mechanical & the organic are also the poles between which the structure of an organization varies depending on strategy, size, technology, & environment. 15 References. Adapted from the source document.

This paper has two objectives. Firstly, I would like to introduce the conceptual framework for foreign policy analysis: the so-called role theory. In order for us to explain & understand the foreign policies of nation-states, the role theory focuses on the reasoning of national political elites, their understanding of the international system & the perceived role of their own states within this larger system. I will introduce the concepts of the role theory, its epistemological underpinning & the most important analytical applications of it. Secondly, I intend to make a contribution to the discussions about the application of social constructivism (as an IR theory) to foreign policy analysis. Thanks to its metatheoretical assumptions & conceptual outfit, the role theory is an appropriate candidate for bridging the gap between constructivist IR theory & FPA. Adapted from the source document.

This paper examines some of the main assumptions on which the IR theory of political realism is based. According to the theory of political realism, national interest and not morality is the main criterion by which the state acts in its foreign affairs. In its first part this article examines three arguments in support of realists' skepticism towards morality in international relations. In the second part the concept of national interest and the possibility of its application as the main criterion in choosing the state action in international relations are examined. The author argues that the only plausible version of morality is universal morality based on respect for fundamental human rights. Realists' view of morality at the international level cannot be defended in a convincing manner. Still, the theory of political realism provides valuable insights about the nature of international morality and the limits of its application. Adapted from the source document.