Suchergebnisse

Anthropol is distinguished from other human sci's in that whatever aspect of human activity or structure may be under consideration, the totality of mankind in time & space remains its major referent. To illustrate, current trends journals, meetings & congresses are drawn upon. The Annual Meeting of the Amer Anthrop'al Ass'n in Nov, 1960 in Minneapolis began the anthropol'al year. Papers fell into 2 commonly followed primary categories: (1) areas, referring to geographic divisions of the world in their cultrual connotations & (2) topics, a wide range from techniques & theories of the major sub-disciplines to questions of a more general nature about man & society. The major sub-disciplines, ethnology, linguistics, archaeology & physical anthropol, are originally based on the establishment by Franz Boas of race or physique & language & culture as independent variables in the dynamics of culture development as opposed to earlier view of physical causality in the development of language & culture. Each subdiscipline has an independent ass'n & a publication program. Amer Folklore & Ethnomusicology each have independent societies & journals. Increasing emphasis on professional internationalism is expressed in Current Anthropol, which is designed to establish world communications of the anthropol'al sci's in the various countries, while the specialized journals are also extending their coverage to other continents. Ethnohistory, a publication of the Amer Indian Ethnohistoric Conference & an outgrowth of the participation of anthropol'ts in Amer Indian land claims cases vs the US gov concerning the provisions of their treaties marks the necessary inclusion by anthropol'ts of some aspects of the historian's craft. Other important trends in 1961 are: adaptation of the ecological pattern to culture dynamic, a more mature version of cultural diffusion, an attempt to develop mathematical models, the question of ethnic identity with the Amer Indian Chicago Conference as an example of its persistence into modern life & its applicability to Africa & Asia. A new journal, Ethnology, may renew a 20th anniversary of the Society for Applied Anthropol represents the extension of anthropol'al perspectives to soc work, business & medicine, esp mental & public health, & since WWII, admin'ive & trust territories & acculturation. The classification of anthropol among the sci's is exemplified in its current affiliations with nat'l & internat'l org's. Finally the dating of the remains of Zinjanthropus boisiei, discovered by L. S. B. Leakey 2 yrs ago at Olduvai Gorge, Tanganyika, at 1,750,000 yrs, & the nature of the find, indicate that man used tools at this early date, before the characteristic expansion of his brain case had occurred, a fact of major signif for behavioral sci, indicating that first the hand acquired wisdom & then brain growth followed. AA 02 Of Professional interest.

"What motivates an achieving society? Why are some societies able to produce great historical figures, writers, scientists, and entrepreneurs when others just barely manage to survive? What causes the decline of a great empire? Is it just luck, or a particular combination of circumstances? The Achieving Society examines these questions in the light of psychological factors responsible for economic development. In particular, it shows how one human motive, the need for Achievement, appears with great regularity in the imaginative thinking of men and nations before periods of rapid economic growth. Evidence is drawn from history (Ancient Greece, England from 1400-1800, etc.) and some 40 contemporary nations. The book provides a solid, factual basis for evaluating theories explaining the rise and fall of civilization as advanced by Toynbee, Spengler, Kroeber, Marx, Weber, Sorokin, Parsons, and others. The way in which a strong need for Achievement promotes successful entrepreneurship is also explored in theory, in the laboratory, and among business executives in various countries around the world--the United States, Italy, Turkey, and Poland. The findings provide a basis for suggestions on how to accelerate economic growth in underdeveloped countries when development plans focus on increasing the motivation needed for success. The emphasis throughout is on factual, quantitative tests of the relationships discussed, in the belief that the methods of the behavioral sciences can be applied with profit to traditional problems in history and economics. "This book will become a classic," concluded one pre-publication review which also said of The Achieving Society " ... a powerful book ... stimulating, sound, and imaginative ... readers from anthropology, sociology, social psychology, economics, political science had better look into it with some care"--Cover. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).