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Since 2010, number of political uprisings took place in the Arab countries which so called The Arab Spring (at-Thawrât al-'Arabiyyah). The fall of regimes such as in Tunis, Egypt, and Libya, following the massive resistance of people was actually reflect the crisis of legitimacy and the weakness of authority of many political leaders in the region. Moreover, the loyalty of many people in the Arab countries to their leaders was also problematic decision when it has to deal with their primordial affiliations such as ashabiyah, wathanniyah, qaummiyah and ummah. The Arab Spring is a very important political movement which taught us lessons that both leadership and national character building are unfinished and will never be end as a process. This phenomenon also emphasized the importance of political system to be adaptive to the dynamic of domestic political situation and international atmosphere as well. The failure to adapt towards such conditions will causes to the fall of the ruling power.

A concise guide on how and why the Arab Spring failed, this book presents a detailed narrative of events in the Arab World, from the moment Mohammed Bouazizi lit himself - and the region - on fire. It presents an original investigation into why the Arab Spring cannot be seen as a wave of democratization, due to the contribution of intolerant Islamist actors in its failure, through their application of a distinctive conception of "the good" inconsistent with liberal democracy

After the Arab Spring : a new wave of transitional justice? / Kirsten J. Fisher and Robert Stewart -- 1. The Arab world after the popular uprisings : a spirit restored? / Bassel F. Salloukh -- 2. Building a future, exhuming the past : the struggles for accountability in the wake of regional uprisings / Anne Massagee -- 3. Transitional justice in the wake of the Arab uprisings : between complexity and standardization / Habib Nassar -- 4. Difficult but ultimately rewarding : lessons from transitional justice in Latin America / Andrew G. Reiter -- 5. The costs of avoiding transitional justice : lessons from Lebanon / Ora Szekely -- 6. Risks and rewards : lessons from Central and Eastern Europe's transitional justice experiences / Klaus Bachmann, Robert Stewart and Kirsten J. Fisher -- 7. Challenges of representation and inclusion : a case study of Islamist groups in transitional justice / Line Khatib -- 8. Transitional justice and the Arab Spring from a gender perspective / Elham Manea -- 9. Egypt and the struggle for accountability and justice / Michael Wahid Hanna -- 10. Justice after the war : the International Criminal Court and post-Gaddafi Libya / Mark Kersten -- 11. Selectivity, legitimacy and the pursuit of post-Arab Spring international criminal justice / Kirsten J. Fisher -- 12. Transitions in the Middle East and North Africa : new trajectories and challenges for transitional justice? / Hugo van der Merwe.

It has been more a decade since people across the Arab world rose up in revolt against their governments, demanding political empowerment, social reform and economic improvement. Pro-democracy protests, as they were called in common parlance, which spread rapidly through the mobilisation of social media calls, ended up overthrowing long-standing authoritarian regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen and Libya. That gave rise to hope for a more representative future, as well as economic reforms, after decades of mismanagement and stagnation. However, such hopes were quickly dispelled, as the political vacuum created by the elimination of regional dictatorships deepened fractures in many of these societies along ethnic, religious and tribal fault lines. As Islamists and secularists jockeyed for power, Egypt's brief alliance with democracy was halted by a neo-militarist, counter-revolutionary takeover. Tunisia is a notable exception, where both factions in political society have resolved to settle their differences through dialogue and set the tone for democratic politics, while the country is struggling with economic growth and transformation. Very little, if anything, has changed in Yemen, Libya and Syria, where long-drawn and bloody civil wars are raging. The monarchies of the Gulf have not been untouched, but remain markedly unchanged.

The essays in this edited volume seek to understand the regional and international ramifications of the wave of protest demonstrations that swept across West Asia and North Africa in the early 2010s, both on the ground and online. Dissatisfaction with political repression and corruption, economic difficulties and inequities, and a desire for freedom and democracy all played a role in the Arab Spring uprisings. It deposed long-standing dictatorships, ushering in a period of insecurity and instability that would have long-term consequences for the region's political economy and international relations. Although the protests have ended, the legacy of that turbulent era will live on, most notably in the acceleration of regional change and transformation. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)

This book explores specific problems related to the phenomenon of the Arab Spring in North Africa. These topics include sexual minorities, youth, and gender issues, as well as broader themes covering the ideological, social, political, and religious backgrounds of the Arab Spring.

"Killing the Arab Spring" tells the stories of the Arab Spring uprising in 15 Middle East states, from the point of view of a secular Middle Eastern political analyst familiar with the politics, the culture of the people and the history of the area.

Kristian Coates Ulrichsen provides a full examination of Qatar's startling rise to regional and international prominence and describes how its distinct policy stance toward the Arab Spring emerged. In only a decade, Qatari policy-makers - led by the Emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani and the Prime Minister, Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim Al-Thani - catapulted Qatar from a sleepy backwater to a regional power with truly international reach

The Arab Spring dramatically increased investors' perceptions of political risk in MENA. An examination of these perceptions indicates long-run optimism that political transitions in the region -- if democratic and coupled with political stability -- could increase FDI and contribute to MENA's economic development.

1. The shari'a state and Western scholarship : the reality of the Islamist shari'atization of politics that seeks a name -- 2. The shari'a state is not the faith of Islam : shari'a and politics -- 3. The challenge of the Islamist shari'a state to international order : torn between the Westphalian synthesis, Pax Americana and Pax Islamica -- 4. Shari'a and Islamism in the 'Arab Spring' : from the promise of a blossoming spring to a frosty and lethal winter -- 5. From traditional shari'a reasoning to Islamist shari'atization of politics in the post-Arab Spring -- 6. Torn between combating prejudice and the accusation of Islamophobia : the shari'a state and policing speech in the debate 'Whither Islamic civilization?'.

Chapter 1 The Structure of Arab Society: Tribes and Artificial States -- chapter 2 The Ottoman Heritage -- chapter 3 Authoritarian Rule in the Islamic World -- chapter 4 The Caliphate and the Ideal of the Islamic State -- chapter 5 The Globalization of Information and the World Media -- chapter 6 Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia, Pakistan, and the Republican Model -- chapter 7 Saudi Arabia, the Gulf States, Morocco, Jordan, and the Monarchical Model -- chapter 8 Syria, Libya, Yemen, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Kosovo, and the Tribal Model -- chapter 9 Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and the Shi{u2019}ite Model -- chapter 10 Algeria, Mali, Sudan, Somalia, the Palestinians, and the Revolutionary Model.

'Social Currents in North Africa' offers multidisciplinary analyses of social phenomena unfolding in the Maghreb today. The contributors analyze the genealogies of contemporary North African behavioral and ideological norms, and offer insights into post-Arab Spring governance and today's social and political trends.

One of the core dominant events, in the Middle East in 21th century, was Arab Spring revolutions in 2010-2011. These revolutions aimed to achieve democracy and get rid of the dictator regimes in the Arab countries. No doubt that Arab Spring had political social and economic reasonable and significant impacts. This paper will examine various reflections on the Arab revolutions of the Arab Spring (2010-2011) through modern Arab poetry, focusing on four selected poems as cases of study. In addition to the aimed historical reading, this paper attempts to analyse the selected poems focusing literary and poetic methods, as well as language and diction, comparing between them. For diversity, while all the selected poems are modern Arabic poetry, one of the selected poems is the neo-classic Arabic poetry of Ibrāhīm Obaydī, and the three others are free verse poetry from Ahmed Matar, Musʿab al-Mūrādī, and Ahmad Msāʿdih. Methodologically, this study is analytic, comparative and inductive, relying relevant poems of the selected four poets. This paper suggests not only that the Arab Spring played a significant historical role in the Middle East, leading to intensive civil and non-civil armed conflicts, but also, Modern Arab poetry contributes to historical documenting immortalizing the Arab Spring revolutions including their aims and motivations, as well as their social political and cultural impacts.