Suchergebnisse

The article presents the results of a study of scientific, educational and ascetic activities of one of the brightest representatives of the modern Ukrainian diaspora in Russia - Tetiana Lebedynska, a daughter of Ukrainian writer Mykola Shpak. T.M. Lebedynska is PhD in Philosophy, translator, writer, member of the Ukrainian Union of Writers, author of exhibitions dedicated to Ukrainian St. Petersburg, holder of the Order of Princess Olga III degree.
The multifaceted scientific and educational activity of Tetiana Mykolajivna is considered. It is emphasized that she initiated and organized the International Scientific Seminar «St. Petersburg – Ukraine», which resulted in the publication of twenty collections of articles from 2000 to 2020. T.M. Lebedynska is the author of more than 200 scientific works, including unique publications: «Shevchenko's places of St. Petersburg», «St. Petersburg and Ukraine», «M.P. Hrebinka - town-planning of St. Petersburg», «Ukrainian necropolis of St. Petersburg», «I. Mazepa - Commander of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called», dictionary»Outstanding figures of science and culture of Russia who came from Ukraine», etc.. T.M. Lebedynska was published in Western Europe, the United States, and Arab countries.
It is noted that the heroine of our intelligence pays most attention to the study of the life and work of the Great Kobzar, who had many life events in St. Petersburg: here he studied and worked, gained freedom and communicated with many prominent cultural figures, wrote poems and paintings and became an academician of arts. It was Tetiana Mykolajivna who was one of the initiators of the installation in St. Petersburg of the monument to Taras Shevchenko by Canadian sculptor Leo Mol (Leonid Molodozhanin), she collected signatures against the relocation of the site from the city center near the university to the outskirts, also she initiated and participated in the installation of a memorial to Kobzar at the Smolensk cemetery. Among other things Tetiana Lebedynska"s ascetic activity is represented, by a study of the Ukrainian necropolis of St. Petersburg, as most graves and tombstones are in a state of destruction and may disappear for the future without restoration. And with them the memory of our compatriots who found eternal peace in the land of North Palmira will be destroyed.
The article states that today, when Crimea is annexed and the Russian occupation of Donbass continues, it is very important to study the experience of our contemporaries - Ukrainians in Russia, who do not lose their identity in conditions of strong informational, ideological and linguistic pressure.

The article deals with the Ukrainian emigration to Poland. The article emphasizes that migration is a normal phenomenon in the global world, and therefore it is important not to dramatize the situation but to pay more attention to the adaptation of migrants in the recipient countries. Main terminology used for migrants and migration' description is sharpened. It is emphasized that it is not appropriate to treat any migration from Ukraine as "labor migration". The article provides quantitative data on Ukrainian migration abroad and its dynamics as well as results of researches on migrational intentions and plans. Arguments are being made that the current migration of Ukrainians (after 2010) can be identified as the fifth wave of Ukrainian emigration. The dynamics of the structure of Ukrainian migration abroad is described. Quantitative estimates of Ukrainian migration in Poland are given as well. It is shown that the Ukrainian migration to Poland is changing both quantitatively (growing) and qualitatively: the number of highly educated migrants and those who intend to stay in the country for permanent residence increases. It is reasoned that Poland is interested in Ukrainian workers because they produce reasonable part of Polish GDP and replace Poles who leave the country. That's why Polish state and non-state institutions and organizations try to improve conditions for Ukrainians in Poland and create new opportunities for work and living in the country. It is argued that research on this topic will be an important contribution to understanding the (post)modern society because the role of migrations in it is changing. Migrants' self-awareness and identity are changing as well which leads to changes in ways of adaptation and integration of migrants in recipient countries. In particular, cultural factors that determine the decision about emigration become more important: seeking for the environment that fits best for cultural demands of potential migrants becomes crucial. Differential approaches to different groups of migrants on the basis of sociological researches can be a better ground for practical decisions to improve adaptation of migrants.

The historical role of elite (elites) in formation of the public ecological consciousness and in solving of environmental problems from the beginning of industrial revolution of 16-17 centuries in England which resulted in drastic impacts on the environment until our days are considered in the article. It was discovered the evolution of the environmental concerns from the worry of the elites about nature to the modern global mass movement. The first concern of elites over the human impacts on nature and over the loss of harmony between man and nature is related to the time of Romanticism. It was articulated in the most expressive form in the English Romanticism (Percy Bashi Shelley, William Blake, George Byron, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, John Clare) and in the German Romanticism (Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, Novalis). The concern of the public elites (writers, scientists-naturalists, public figures, artists) of the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries over the state of the environment, natural resources depletion, species extinction and over the decline of the natural and cultural heritage in total due to rapid industrialization and urbanization created the preconditions for the modern ecologim. During that period nature is still considered as a source of harmony and stability which is able to resist to destructive power of industrial civilization, which rapidly transforms the environment. Particular features of development of the European movement for nature protection were shaped by the national, cultural, economic and political peculiarities of the countries of the Western Europe, as well as by dominating social moral and aesthetic values of particular country. The joint result of the activities of the broad spectrum of environmental organizations and groups was the adoption of legislative acts aimed at natural-cultural heritage protection of the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries in a number of European countries. This created favorable conditions for networking the European environmental movement and for internationalization of its activities and for forming the first phase of the environmental mobilization of the society, initiated by the public elites of the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. After the Second World War the broad strata of population in the Western Europe and the North America were involved in the environmental movement. At the same time this movement was split in two principal branches, namely: the nature conservation movement and the movement which considers the quality and safety of human environment as a part of human rights in a democratic society. From 1960s there are two relatively autonomous main branches of the public movement, which, however, closely interact with each other. The formation of the second phase of environmentalism is related to the penetration of the ideas of environmental protection in all spheres of social and political life during 1960s-1970s («Silent Spring», the Club of Rome) and celebration of the Earths Day in April of the year 1970. Thus, the elitist movement for nature protection was transformed into the mass movement for human rights to live in the save environment. In spite of the environmental movement has gone the way from concerns of the elites over the growth of industrialization, urbanization and negative environmental impacts of economic growth and, consequently, overconsumption to the mass movement of thousands and millions of people, the elites still continue to play a significant role in it.

The article is devoted to the study of the genesis of legal regulation of the order, conditions and consequences of divorce in its historical aspect, as well as given the current principles of family relations in EU law and foreign law, highlighting the latest trends in divorce relations and outlining the laws of their further consolidation in the family law of Ukraine, formulation of conclusions and proposals aimed at harmonization of national legislation with EU law. The divorce procedure, its conditions and legal consequences are regulated by the legislation of different states in different ways. The regulation of divorce relations is also significantly influenced by national characteristics, traditions, religion and culture. The spread of family relations outside one state necessitates the application of foreign law to regulate such relations. Appropriate conflicts may result from the application of the law of different states regarding the grounds for divorce, the procedure for divorce, as well as the unequal determination of the moment of its dissolution. The article argues that one of the basic principles of Roman private law was the observance of absolute freedom of divorce. However, during the imperial period, and especially with the establishment of Christianity, restrictions were imposed on divorce. The approach to significant restrictions and even prohibitions on divorce has long been observed in the law of European states. Under the influence of the Catholic Church and Christian morality, the recipient law did not allow divorce at all or established restrictions and valid grounds for divorce. Divorce was allowed only as an exception, in the presence of significant circumstances, subject to complicated procedures. Since the second half of the twentieth century, divorce laws have been reformed in many countries, tending to abandon the idea that divorce is a sanction for marital misconduct and moving to the concept that divorce is a statement of a failed marriage. As a result of the reforms, divorces have become more liberalized. The article concludes that the general conflict principle of divorce is the law of citizenship of a spouse or husband (most countries of continental Europe) or the law of the place of residence of the spouses (England, USA and a number of other countries). However, Regulation 1259/2010 provides, in essence, innovative provisions for the choice of the competent legal order in the event of divorce, which enshrines the possibility for spouses to independently choose the applicable law. Keywords: marriage, marital relations, divorce, termination of marriage, EU law, family law.

Innovation activity becomes an integral part of the modern world that develops dynamically. Every leading country identified priority innovative sectors and concentrates its efforts on their development. In Ukraine the best dynamics among innovative areas is demonstrated by the sector of information technologies. It has considerable potential and therefore the study of the prospects of its development is relevant. The aim of the research is to develop the forecast of development of the IT market in Ukraine under conditions of uncertainty based on the available statistics, trends and forecasts of experts by using methods of forecasting, such as a trend line and artificial neural networks; to specify the measures for the development of IT sector based on the forecast. We analyzed the state of the market of IT in Ukraine as one of the leading innovative sectors of the country. As a result, a significant potential for the development of this innovative field of activity in this country was verified. It was discovered that the IT market has a tendency to growth. It is found that the crisis of 2008–2009 negatively influenced this market but already in 2010 the positive trend resumed. From 2000 to 2013, the volume of IT market increased by 505.7%, which confirms the prospects of this sector. It is proven that under current conditions of uncertainty, it is very risky to invest in the sphere of IT because it requires large initial investment. It was concluded that this situation predetermined the need to study the impact of the political and economic situation on the IT market in Ukraine and its further development forecast. By using correlation–regression analysis, we identified the factors that affect the volume of the IT market in Ukraine, and the nature of their influence. It was found that the most influential of these factors are the four: the volume of GDP, average wage, foreign direct investments and export of services, and we determined the nature of this influence. Based on the available forecasts of the dynamics of these factors, by using the line trend and artificial neural network, we made a forecast of positive trends in the volume of the IT market in Ukraine for 2014–2016. The scientific novelty of the work is: in conducting forecasting of the volume of the Ukrainian IT market by using trend line and artificial neural network; in the application of correlation–regression analysis to find the factors of influence on the IT market for building up artificial neural network. The results of the work can be used as a basis for developing strategies for innovative development of enterprises under conditions of uncertainty. The obtained results may become the basis to further research into the development of innovation activity of enterprises in Ukraine and determining capability of the development of IT sector in this country as the most promising innovative field of activity.