Suchergebnisse

Examines Islamic fundamentalism in Sunni Arab countries, in particular, Egypt, focusing on its complexity, which contrasts the violence of militants & growth of Islamic institutions. A historical overview of Islamic nations & societies emphasizes continuities between Islamic reformers in the 18th & 19th centuries with current revivalists, which reflect interactions & reactions to complex social, political, & cultural conditions. Egypt's challenge to gain & maintain an independent Arab state is analyzed. The origins & teachings of Islamic revivalist groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood are compared to those of Gamel Abdel Nasser & Arab socialism. The changing relationship between such groups & the secular governments of Nasser, Anwar Sadat, & Muhammad Hosni Mubarak is described, highlighting the increasing impact of these groups on Egyptian society. Efforts at government suppression are contrasted with the resurgence of Sunni fundamentalism in Sudan, which adopted a gradualist approach, working cooperatively with revivalists to implement Islamic law. It is concluded that, while the strategies & programs of Islamizing states differ, they draw on common traditions, themes, & goals & represent the dynamic nature of modern Islam. Bibliog. T. Arnold

Argues that a theory of ideology must be part of a theory of social structure if overdetermination is a core Marxian concept, but Karl Marx's project incorporates its own historical conditions of possibility for the theory of ideology, thereby blocking its production & preventing Marx from developing a theory of ideology. It is contended that the spectral paradigm fills the theoretical gaps. Aporetic conditions of possibility of the project of such a theory are examined, along with how Marx defines the aporia & how the inadequacies of his account push the theory of ideology into the spectral paradigm. Differences between the idea & a theory of ideology are examined, along with Marx's conceptualization of commodity fetishism & his critique of human rights. The current ambiguous role of the ideology of human rights is discussed, suggesting that ethnonationalist social constructions result from the global neoliberal economic & sociopolitical offensive. Elements of a theory of ideology that address the paradoxes in Marx are presented. 4 Figures. J. Lindroth