Suchergebnisse

A STXUE de 26-7-2018 (Asunto M. B) declara o carácter discriminatorio dunha normativa nacional (británica) que esixe ás persoas transexuais casadas a anulación do seu matrimonio para acceder ao recoñecemento xurídico pleno do seu cambio de xénero, en tanto condicionante do acceso á pensión de xubilación á idade establecida polo ordenamento nacional para as persoas do sexo adquirido. Este axuizamento leva a cabo en relación á Directiva 79/7/CEE, do 19 de decembro de 1978 relativa á aplicación progresiva do principio de igualdade de trato entre homes e mulleres en materia de seguridade social. ; Este traballo analiza este pronunciamento xudicial situándoo no conxunto da (escasa) xurisprudencia comunitaria que abordou as consecuencias do cambio de sexo desde a normativa comunitaria de carácter socio-laboral. Apúntase tamén a ( fragmentaria e dispersa) regulación xurídica española relativa ao cambio de sexo-xénero e as consecuencias en materia de seguridade social. O traballo pon de manifesto que non son poucos -e leste é un deles- os casos nos que a pesar da diferenciación sexo-xénero ambos os termos utilízanse no mesmo sentido. O traballo avoga por un Dereito "de-xenerado" e "de-xenerador" no sentido sinalado pola autora no epílogo final. ; The ECJ ruling of 26th July 2018 (MB) declares the discriminatory nature of a national (British) regulation that requires married transgender people to annul their marriage in order to have full legal recognition of their gender change, as a conditioning factor of access to retirement pension at the age established by the national law for persons of acquired sex. This prosecution is carried out in relation to Directive 79/7/EEC of 19th December 1978 on the progressive application of the principle of equal treatment of men and women in social security. This paper analyzes this judicial pronouncement placing it in the whole of the (scarce) EU jurisprudence that has addressed the consequences of sex change in the EU regulations of a socio-labour nature. It also points to the (fragmented and dispersed) Spanish legal regulation regarding the sex-gender change and the consequences in terms of social security. The paper shows that there are not a few - and this is one of them - cases in which, despite the sex-gender differentiation, both terms are used in the same sense. The paper advocates a Law "de-generated" and "degenerator" in the sense indicated by the author in the final epilogue.

The article attempts to consider the political and legal crisis that has been going on in Belarus for almost a year, in the context of the relationship between its causes and the quality of public administration. To this end, the authors identify modern approaches to understanding good governance. The indicators of management quality developed by authoritative international structures are indicated, on the basis of which it is possible not only to give an objective assessment of the quality of management in Belarus, but also to identify the most problematic positions. As shown in the paper, the main disadvantage of the quality of governance in Belarus is its authoritarian nature, which is manifested in the disregard for people's opinions and accountability. The process of gradual establishment of an authoritarian regime in the republic by means of the analysis of the chronology of the social and political events that took place in the republic during the last decades is clearly shown. In the final part of the work, the author draws attention to the factors that give stability to those regimes that can be attributed to information autocracies. In particular, it is the existence of state property and control over it as an instrument of power retention. The issue of its effectiveness (for example, state-owned enterprises) is not a priority for the country's leadership. The next factor is the presence of control over the political influence of deputies, checking the loyalty of people's deputies. In the system of government formed in Belarus, all elected officials, from village council deputies to parliament, are rigorously selected for their loyalty and lack of ambition. After that, they easily move from the vertical to the representative bodies (and back), occupying leadership positions in structures that mimic civil society. Finally, the third factor is the government's permanent desire to control the entire public sphere and the information space. The driving forces that have the potential to gradually weaken the ...

Książka stanowi tom studiów autorstwa polskich i zagranicznych językoznawców poświęcony zmianom we współczesnych językach słowiańskich, szczególnie widocznym w słownictwie i słowotwórstwie. Uwzględnienie aspektu stylowo-funkcjonalnego w rozwoju leksyki pozwala lepiej zrozumieć dynamikę zmian językowych i skuteczność działań komunikacyjnych. Celowościowy i pragmatyczny charakter zachowań komunikacyjnych ujawnia się szeroko w uwzględnionych przez Autorów kontekstach społecznych, politycznych i kulturowych. Prace zostały pogrupowane w trzy działy tematyczne: - Zjawiska, procesy i tendencje rozwojowe w słownictwie specjalistycznym (terminologii); - Dynamika mechanizmów słowotwórczych i leksykalnych; - Zmiany leksykalne we współczesnej komunikacji językowej i dyskursie. Wyodrębnione działy pomagają uporządkować przedstawioną w tomie problematykę, wskazując na dominantę tematyczną w poszczególnych tekstach. Zakresy tych grup nie są jednak ostre, złożona i wielowarstwowa problematyka tendencji i zmian we współczesnym słownictwie słowiańskim jest omawiana w różnym stopniu w każdym z wydzielonych działów. W większości prac zastosowano podejście konfrontatywne, pozostałe stanowią podstawę do takiego ujęcia. Do badań wykorzystany został bogaty materiał języków słowiańskich: polskiego, czeskiego, słowackiego, białoruskiego, rosyjskiego, ukraińskiego, bułgarskiego, słoweńskiego, a także innych języków, jak np. nowogreckiego. ; This volume of studies by Polish and international linguists is devoted to changes in modern Slavic languages, which are especially noticeable in the spheres of vocabulary and word formation. Taking into consideration the stylistic and functional aspect of lexis development allows for a better understanding of the dynamics of language change and the efficacy of communicational acts. The purposeful and pragmatic character of communicational behaviour manifests itself widely in the social, political and cultural contexts considered by the Authors. The works comprising the volume are divided into three thematic sections: - Phenomena, processes and tendencies in the development of specialist lexis (terminology); - Word formation and lexical mechanisms dynamics; - Lexical change in modern language communication and discourse. The sections help organize the volume by highlighting the dominant theme in particular texts. The scopes of the sections are, nevertheless, not sharply delineated – each section is to an equal extent devoted to the complex and multifaceted subject-matter of the tendencies and changes in modern Slavic vocabulary. Most of the works comprised in the volume adopt a contrastive approach, the remaining ones can serve as bases for contrastive studies. The text analyse the rich material of the Slavic languages – Polish, Czech, Slovak, Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and Slovene – as well as of other languages, like Modern Greek. ; Publikacja finansowana ze środków Instytutu Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk