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Questo contributo individua le specificità Scuola di Architettura, Pianificazione e Paesaggio dell'Università di Newcastle. Caratterizzata da un corpo docente molto eterogeneo e da competenze in tutta la disciplina, la Scuola sostiene fortemente l'idea di un ruolo sociale dell'architettura. Ciò riflette, in parte, la cultura architettonica di Newcastle, radicata nell'ascesa e nella crisi di un grande porto industriale ai confini dell'Inghilterra. questa vocazione è emersa chiaramente nella generazione dei cosiddetti New Brutalists / Nuovi Brutalisti, chiamati a dare una forma e una sostanza alla politica del Welfare State. Come scuola di architettura orientata alla ricerca, l'APL intende il progetto come una sfida culturale collettiva che implica l'acquisizione e l'esercizio di conoscenze e competenze complesse, per le quali la realtà della pratica architettonica è un costante termine di riferimento. ; This article aims at tracking down some identity features of the School of Architecture, Planning & Landscape of Newcastle University. Characterised by a very heterogeneous teaching staff covering a broad breadth of expertise across the discipline, the School strongly supports the idea of a social role for architecture. Partly due to Newcastle's architectural culture - rooted as it is in the rise and fall of a great industrial port at the borders of England - this vocation emerged clearly in the generation of the so-called New Brutalists, called upon to give a form and substance to the politics of the Welfare State. As a research-led school of architecture, APL understands design as a collective cultural endeavour that involves the acquisition and exercise of complex knowledges and skills, for which the reality of architectural practice is a constant term of reference.

In the Sardinian Giudicati, between the 11th and 14th centuries, the Giudici commissioned architectural works and urban projects, carried out an intense activity at the center of a remarkable crossroads of political and commercial interests. This study re-evaluates their role as protagonists and proposes to identify the outlines of their peculiar way of operating within the most widespread design trends of the late Middle Ages. Their international contac ts, particularly towards institutions and governments interested in current policies in the western Mediterranean, allowed them to choose and exchange experiences and models, often on an equal basis.

As internet is becoming a critical infrastructure and the amount of traffic carried on it is rapidly growing, along with the potential security threats, monitoring is becoming more and more a crucial activity to the correct operations of networks and network based services. However, the amount of data to be analyzed, the extreme variety of the analysis to be supported, along with the need to correlate data from different sources and the limitations imposed by the privacy legislation make network monitoring a difficult and challenging task. In this work we explore several research fields, all of them related to network monitoring and testing. First of all, we propose tomographic techniques, that allow to infer the internal state of the network by applying statistical analysis to measurements carried out by the end–hosts, with no cooperation from the internal nodes. We then illustrate novel algorithms and data structures for speeding up expensive packet processing tasks, such as deep packet inspection. Subsequently, we move on to architectural topics and show how general purpose processors and special purpose devices can complement each other in order to build monitoring and testing systems offering an optimal trade–off between flexibility and performance. Moreover, we also investigate on the potential that the modern commodity hardware (which is highly parallel) provides and on how this can be leveraged for the benefit of the network monitoring applications. Finally, we delve into the topic of distributed monitoring and propose novel solutions for building an overlay of monitoring probes which can efficiently correlate the observed data, thus avoiding the scalability bottleneck of an architecture based on a single collection point.

In Paris, Capital of the 19th Century, Benjamin states that the goal of Haussmann's renovation of Paris was to avert civil war. This essay aims to explore this insight and to investigate it also in relation to the transformations of Barcelona by Cerdá. Relying on observations made by Foucault and Schwarte, the article will show that architecture and urban planning can be understood both as political tools that are deployed to manage conflict, and as elements that shape conflict. ; In Parigi. La capitale del XIX secolo, Benjamin afferma che l'obiettivo dei lavori haussmaniani nella capitale francese era quello di scongiurare la guerra civile. Questo saggio intende confrontarsi con questa intuizione e indagarla anche in riferimento alle trasformazioni di Barcellona a opera di Cerdá. Attraverso alcune riflessioni di Foucault e Schwarte, si arriverà a mostrare che l'architettura e l'urbanistica possono essere esaminate sia come strumenti politici impiegati per gestire la conflittualità, sia come elementi di strutturazione della conflittualità stessa.

Understanding the already existing space as socio-cultural dimension, cultural capacity and atmosphere that can be approached in many different ways, is connected to the idea of using space as a medium that opens up discussions, fosters social connections and is able to reveal socio-political contexts, cooperative processes of planning, production and change, questions of everydaylife, the design and use of space throughout the past and visions towards the future of our cities. Changing the perspective on space and using it as a medium and tool for knowledge creation is addressed through the concept of cooperative architecture.This concept rethinks and reactivates the architectural and urban design discipline as social, creative and common practice as well as it defines new roles within the discipline and at the intersection with other disciplines. ; Comprendere lo spazio già esistente come dimensione socio-culturale, capacità culturale e atmosfera che possono essere avvicinate in molti modi diversi, è connesso all'idea di utilizzare lo spazio come mezzo che apre discussioni, favorisce connessioni sociali ed è in grado di rivelare contesti politici, processi cooperativi di pianificazione, produzione e cambiamento, questioni di vita quotidiana, progettazione e fruizione dello spazio nel passato e visioni verso il futuro delle nostre città. Cambiare la prospettiva sullo spazio e utilizzarlo come mezzo e strumento per la creazione di conoscenza è affrontato attraverso il concetto di architettura cooperativa, che ripensa e riattiva la disciplina del progetto architettonico e urbano come pratica sociale, creativa e comune, oltre a definire nuovi ruoli all'interno della disciplina e all'incrocio con altre discipline.

In 1810 Napoleon wrote: "Portoferraio is a very important place". That place on Island of Elba was a central node in the network of military arsenals of the Empire and an important piece on Italian military chessboard. Outside the Renaissance walls of the town, around a crumbling fort built in 1700, Napoleon planned a new military fortification's system inspired to the model of the "camp retranché", useful to protect the town against the landing of the enemy. Three forts were built. Two ones were only planned. A total of five fortresses constituted a crown around the town and are, also today, an unique example of the original and direct Napoleon personal architectural overview.