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In the mid 30' the Austrian architect Bernard Rudofsky (1905-1988) built, in Italy and in Brazil, a number of hauses that the critics defined as the best modern houses ever built. In 1941 he moved to the USA. In New York, working at MoMA, he organized some important exhibitions such as Architecture Without Architects and in 1958, commisioned by the government, the Cultural Exhibitions at the Brussel's World Fair. Despite those important results nonetheless, his work and thought were at the time hardly recognized by any Modern Architecture History book. The aim of my essay is to illustrate the causes of such unfair destiny which delivered his work and thought to oblivion for such a long time. ; L'architetto austriaco Bernard Rudofsky (1905-1988) tra gli anni '30 e '40 costruisce, prima in Italia e poi in Brasile, alcune case che la critica definisce tra le più belle costruzioni moderne in fatto di ville. Stabilitosi negli USA nel 1941, entra a far parte dell'organico del MoMA curando alcune celebri mostre tra cui Architecture Without Architects. In seguito, nel 1958 viene coinvolto dal governo americano nell'organizzazione delle Cultural Exhibitions alla Brussel's World Fair. Nonostante questi risultati prestigiosi, l'opera e il pensiero dell'architetto austriaco non sono contemplati nei testi di storia dell'architettura moderna. Scopo del saggio è illustrare le motivazioni di una condizione anomala che ha consegnato a un lungo oblio l'opera e il pensiero di Bernard Rudofsky.

The frequency and severity of financial and currency crises in emerging market economies since the mid-1990s have increasingly eroded confidence in the well-functioning of international capital markets. Cross-border currency transactions recorded a spectacular growth, reaching US$ 1500 billion per day in the late 1990s or about two thirds of Germany's annual GDP. About 80 percent of these transactions involve round-trips of seven days or less. Globalization critics conclude that international financial transactions have little to do with real economic activity, such as foreign trade, and are predominantly speculative in nature. In order to tame speculation and protect emerging market economies from the vagaries of global financial markets, globalization critics demand radical changes in the international financial order. Policymakers, notably those in major industrial countries, are criticized for remaining committed to liberalized financial markets. However, a fundamental reconstruction of the financial architecture does not only lack political support. As argued below, some radical reform proposals are also flawed from an economic point of view. Yet policymakers are to be blamed for having delivered at best partly what they had promised after recent financial crises, namely to adjust the regulatory framework to increased global capital mobility. In important respects, the process of reforming the international financial architecture appears to be stalled, mainly because of conflicting interests of major political players.

After two decades which saw the construction industry flourish, has come a sudden period of instability, where architecture firms have been jettisoning employees at an unprecedented rate as building projects dry up. This edited volume brings together scholars, critics, and architects to discuss the present state of uncertainty in the practice and discipline of architecture. The chapters are organized into three main areas of inquiry: economics, practice, and technology. Within this larger framework, authors explore issues of security, ecological design, disaster architecture, the future of arc.

Verlagsinfo: Daniel Dennett is arguably one of the most influential yet radicalphilosophers in America today. In this volume, Dennett isconfronted by colleagues and critics, from philosophy, biology andpsychology. His reply constitutes an extensive essay whichclarifies, and develops further, central themes in his philosophy.The debate ranges over Dennett's whole corpus, but specialattention is given to his major work on consciousness,Consciousness Explained. The volume includes a critical assessement of Dennett's views onbehaviouralism and the subjectivity of consciousness, the nature ofperception and mental representation, intentional laws andcomputational psychology, the rationality of thought, culture as avirus, the architecture of mind, and the role of artifacts inthinking. Also included is an introduction to Dennett's philosophyand a full bibliography of his publications.

The monograph of Nadir Lahiji, which is devoted to the philosophy of architecture of the outstanding Japanese thinker Kojin Karatani, is overviewed. The author presents a thorough analysis of Karatani's philosophical project, demonstrates its closeness to Kant's critical philosophy. Lahiji reveals Karatani's groundbreaking definition of Will to Architecture and the use of architectural metaphors in Western philosophy.

"Routledge Companion to Women in Architecture illuminates the names of pioneering women who over time continue to foster, shape, and build cultural, spiritual, and physical environments in diverse regions around the globe. It uncovers the remarkable evolution of women's leadership, professional perspectives, craftsmanship, and scholarship in architecture from the preindustrial age to the present. The book is organized chronologically in five parts, outlining the stages of women's expanding engagement, leadership, and contributions to architecture through the centuries. It contains 29 chapters written by 33 recognized scholars committed to probing broader topographies across time and place and presenting portraits of practicing architects, leaders, teachers, writers, critics, and other kinds of professionals in the built environment. The intertwined research sets out debates, questions, and projects around women in architecture, stimulates broader studies and discussions in emerging areas, and becomes a catalyst for academic programs and future publications on the subject. The novelty of this volume is in presenting not only a collection of case studies but in broadening the discipline by advancing an incisive overview of the topic as a whole. It is an invaluable resource for architectural historians, academics, students and professionals"--

The article considers the architectural works designed and realized in contemporary Serbian architectural practice in the context of questions and thinking about local-global but also of visible tendencies and dilemmas, that the architects deal with in smaller local environments like in Serbia, from the position of architectural historians, theoreticians and critics. The multi-layered, often vague double meaning and nuanced ties and interpretations of the mentioned relationships will be traced in the works of such important Serbian architects as I. Antić, M. Jovanović, B. Petrović, D. and M. Marušić, S. Krunić, I. Marić, B. Mitrović, I. Rašković, who were chosen in order to trace the line of developmentof the relationship between the local and global during 1950 ‒ 2000, theperiod which was also marked by turbulent social and political changes.

"In the decades after the Second World War, Denmark's national image in Britain was greatly changed through the acclaim it received for its modern architecture and design, which British critics, consumers and entrepreneurs increasingly came to desire and emulate. Using architecture and design historical methods, this book relates Danish post-war success in promoting architecture and design in Britain to wider political and economic contexts. It also documents and analyses the multiple contributory aspects of what may now be considered to have been an early exemplar of the successful marketing of identity through the outputs of creative industries. In addition, it explains the human relationships and networks of acquaintances involved in the promotion of Danish creativity in Britain and of the mutually beneficial advantages achieved through the Danes' joint exhibiting of design, food and lifestyle to build appealing, multi-faceted images of the nation"--

"By linking building theory to the emancipatory project of critique advanced by radical thinkers in our time, this work investigates the key conceptual and historical elements that culminate in an emancipatory theory of building entitled: 'Toward A Philosophy of Shelter'. Taking Marx as its only resource, this work proceeds with the conviction that our era is contemporaneous to Marx's historical era. This means 'not judging the validity of Marx from the perspective of the historical situation', but rather, 'demonstrating the validity of a Marxian perspective for a singular historical situation', as ours. This work will therefore translate this perspective into seeing the situation of architecture through the eyes of Marx. All those concerned with the predicament in our current condition in which architecture must play a major social role in upholding the universal value of what Alain Badiou calls 'generic humanity' will take an interest in this work. In particular, architects, critics, scholars and students inside the field of architecture who would be seeking the application of this universal value to a new theory of building will be a welcoming audience for this work"--

Consciously applied sustainable principles of building emerge in architecture since 1973. The cause was the oil crises. It forced a re-evaluation and an abandonment of the previous energy wasting building concepts and triggered the need to seek a new and more efficient architecture, sources of energy and materials. Years 1973 to 1982 can be described as a period of searching for more efficient building concepts, new energy sources and a radical re-assessment of traditional building technologies and energy sources. The period of utilization of alternative energy sources, mainly from solar power and from wind followed. In the 80s, the economics of the developed countries stabilized, which, to some extent, attenuated the development of ecologically conscious architecture. It ascended to the centre of interest only in the last decade of the 20th century, after the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro and the World Congress of the UIA in Chicago in 1993. Sustainability in architecture and construction began to acquire a significant position. Currently, projects and urban complexes implementing ecological ideas are being built while getting a significant attention from critics of architecture. After the year 2000, significant documents exalting sustainable architecture to general principles of building are being issued. Perhaps the most important document adopted at the European level is the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings and the European Strategy 20-20-20.Forming thoughts about sustainability in architecture reached Slovak architectural scene with a slight delay. While in abroad first projects focusing on new sources of energy originated in late 70s of the 20th century, in our territory these thoughts came in the centre of interest only in the 90s. The period before the change of political situation in our country in 1989 can be characterized by numerous discussions and forming thoughts on reducing energy consumption of buildings and on utilizing ...

With the rapid progress of urbanization in China, a lot of villages face serious brain-drain. A serious problem of culture deterioration arises except in a few traditional villages. Most newly built rural homes are weak and unsafe due to a lack of professional support and building codes. Many large-scale rural reconstruction projects initiated by the government fail because of corruption and irresponsibility. The rural residents suffer from the lack of infrastructure and the quality of their homes. Presently, there are a few grassroots, activists, architects, architectural critics, media and NGOs working for the renovation of Chinese vernacular architecture and rural settlement. Their works include architectural writing, installation artworks and projects in rural areas. This paper is an attempt to propose sustainable approaches and alternative patterns to settle grounds for Chinese contemporary rural construction, regarding architecture, decorative arts, construction systems and user's organization for promotion, by investigating, analyzing and comparing theories and some represented samples of traditional villages, renovation projects and installation artworks from the standpoints of technology, sociology, politics, art, philosophy, history and sustainability. ; Con el rápido progreso de la urbanización en China, muchas aldeas se enfrentan a una seria fuga de cerebros. Existe un grave problema de deterioro de la cultura, excepto en algunas aldeas tradicionales. La mayoría de los hogares rurales de nueva construcción son frágiles e inseguros debido a la falta de apoyo profesional y códigos de construcción. Muchos proyectos de reconstrucción rural a gran escala iniciados por el gobierno fracasan debido a la corrupción y a la irresponsabilidad. Los residentes rurales sufren de la falta de infraestructuras y la baja calidad de sus hogares. En la actualidad, hay unas pocas personas de base, activistas, arquitectos, críticos arquitectónicos, medios de comunicación y ONGs que trabajan para la renovación de la ...

With the rapid progress of urbanization in China, a lot of villages face serious brain-drain. A serious problem of culture deterioration arises except in a few traditional villages. Most newly built rural homes are weak and unsafe due to a lack of professional support and building codes. Many large-scale rural reconstruction projects initiated by the government fail because of corruption and irresponsibility. The rural residents suffer from the lack of infrastructure and the quality of their homes. Presently, there are a few grassroots, activists, architects, architectural critics, media and NGOs working for the renovation of Chinese vernacular architecture and rural settlement. Their works include architectural writing, installation artworks and projects in rural areas. This paper is an attempt to propose sustainable approaches and alternative patterns to settle grounds for Chinese contemporary rural construction, regarding architecture, decorative arts, construction systems and user's organization for promotion, by investigating, analyzing and comparing theories and some represented samples of traditional villages, renovation projects and installation artworks from the standpoints of technology, sociology, politics, art, philosophy, history and sustainability. ; Con el rápido progreso de la urbanización en China, muchas aldeas se enfrentan a una seria fuga de cerebros. Existe un grave problema de deterioro de la cultura, excepto en algunas aldeas tradicionales. La mayoría de los hogares rurales de nueva construcción son frágiles e inseguros debido a la falta de apoyo profesional y códigos de construcción. Muchos proyectos de reconstrucción rural a gran escala iniciados por el gobierno fracasan debido a la corrupción y a la irresponsabilidad. Los residentes rurales sufren de la falta de infraestructuras y la baja calidad de sus hogares. En la actualidad, hay unas pocas personas de base, activistas, arquitectos, críticos arquitectónicos, medios de comunicación y ONGs que trabajan para la renovación de la arquitectura vernácula china y los asentamientos rurales. Sus obras incluyen teoría y crítica arquitectónica, instalaciones artísticas y proyectos en zonas rurales. Este trabajo es un intento de proponer enfoques sostenibles y modelos alternativos para sentar las bases de la construcción rural contemporánea china, con respecto a la arquitectura, las artes decorativas, los sistemas constructivos y la organización de los usuarios para la promoción. La investigación analiza y compara teorías y muestras representativas de aldeas tradicionales, Proyectos de renovación e instalaciones artísticas desde los puntos de vista de la tecnología, la sociología, la política, el arte, la filosofía, la historia y la sostenibilidad. ; Postprint (published version)