Suchergebnisse

S razvojem tehnologije i ulaskom u globalno doba dolazi do potrebe za izmjenama i unutar knjižnica kao stupova društva. Knjižnice su s izmjenama u informacijskoj, komunikacijskoj i prije svega u tehnološkoj sferi zahtijevale brzu prilagodbu novu načinu rada. Digitalizacija knjižnične građe koja se obrađuje u radu dugotrajan je i financijski i stručno zahtjevan proces koji treba doprinijeti poboljšanju rada knjižnica, pomoći korisnicima, poboljšati informacijsko opismenjavanje te potaknuti niz drugih čimbenika. Znanstvena zajednica, ali i šira društvena zajednica, s procesom digitalizacije imala bi veći pristup informacijama, a time i mogućnost usvajanja većega znanja. Da bismo govorili o procesu digitalizacije i njegovim prednostima, moramo prvo razlikovati pojmove poput digitalne knjižnice, hibridne knjižnice i elektroničke knjižnice, što ovaj rad i prikazuje. Bez potpora vlada, međunarodnih organizacija i raznih drugih pokrovitelja knjižnice ne mogu postati spoj kulture, obrazovanja, znanosti i cjelokupnoga razvoja. Kroz pregled povijesnoga nastanka i razvoja digitalnih knjižnica možemo uočiti da su najvećim dijelom digitalizirana djela prije 20. stoljeća, a jedan od uzroka tomu je autorsko pravo koje onemogućava digitalizaciju djela 20. i 21. stoljeća bez autorova pristanka. Rad navodi niz prednosti digitalizacije knjižnične građe od očuvanja intelektualnoga sadržaja, smanjivanja mehaničkoga oštećenja, uštede prostora, povećanja dostupnosti građe, učestalosti korištenja građe itd. Da bi se građa digitalizirala, autori prema nizu različitih stručnjaka navode koji su to elementi koje treba uzeti u obzir prilikom postupka digitalizacije. Djela siročad, djela bez autora, najveći su problem u procesu digitalizacije i procesu stvaranja digitalnih knjižnica. Direktiva koja je donesena na razini Europske unije vezana za ova djela još uvijek nije usvojena iako bi doprinijela postupku digitalizacije i dostupnosti takvih djela. Dio rada govori i o pojmu e-knjige, njezinu nastanku, definiranju, prednostima, ali i nedostatcima te formalnim i intelektualnim obilježjima e-knjige. Istraživački dio rada govori o trima velikim projektima digitalizacije na svjetskoj razini: o projektu Gutenberg, Million Book i Google Books. Kroz ove projekte započeo je velik projekt masovne digitalizacije knjižnične građe. Motiv ovih projekata bio je omogućavanje dostupnosti građe i informacija korisnicima. ; With the technological development and having entered the global age we are faced with a need to change the libraries too, libraries as the pillars of the society. Considering the changes in the information, communication and above all technological sphere there was a need for the libraries for a quick adjustment to the new ways of working. Digitalization of library archives, which is discussed in this paper, is a long and financially and professionally engaging process that is supposed to contribute to the efficiency of the libraries, help the users, advance information knowledge and prompt a number of other factors. Through the digitalization process the scientific community, as well as society as a whole, would have a larger information access, meaning possibility of acquiring more knowledge. In order to speak of the digitalization process and its advantages, we should first differenciate between the terms like digital library, hybrid library and electronic library, which this paper offers an overview of. Without the help of governments, international organizations and various other sponsors libraries cannot become an important factor in culture, education, science and overal development. Looking through the overview of historical development of the digital libraries, we can notice that it is mostly 20th ct. works that are digitalized. One of the reasons is the copyright that prevents digitalization of the 20th and 21st ct. works without the author's consent. The paper enumerates a number of advantages of the digitalization of library archives like intelectual content protection, smaller mechanical damages, space saving, larger access to the materials, frequency of usage of the archives,etc. According to a number of experts, the authors of this paper state the elements that should be taken into consideration in order to digitalize the archives. Orphan works, works without an author, are the largest problem in the digitalization process and the process of making digital libraries. A directive made at the level of EU is still not implemented although it would contribute to the digitalization process and availability of such works. A part of this paper is also about the term e-book, its etymology, definition, advantages and disadvantages, as well as about formal and intelectual properties of an e-book. The reseach part of the paper focuses onto three large digitalization processes in the world: Gutenberg project, Million Book and Google Books. These projects initiated the project of mass digitalization of the library archives. The motiv of these projects was to enable the users to have access to the archives and information.

The history of the Order of Saint Augustine in Rijeka links the city and its region with Central Europe – more particularly to Bavaria, Bohemia, Austria, Slovenia and Italy. Unfortunately, the past of the Augustinian convent of St. Jerome is mostly unknown. The Order of St. Augustine was in fact the first religious community in Rijeka. The monastery, founded by the noble families of Devin and Walsee, existed from the 14th century till 1788, when it was dissolved by Joseph II. The archive suffered two main disasters: in 1509, when the Venetians partially destroyed it, and in 1788, the year of its closure. The Augustinian archive remained partially in the State Archives in Rijeka, but the largest part of its precious holdings was displaced. However, part of the archive disappeared. Cimiotti-Steimberg, a historian from Rijeka, speaks of that fact as incuria et vandalismus (negligence and vandalism). Part of the convent's archive returned to Croatia during the 19th century, but the Hungarian politics of centralization, led by Khuen-Héderváry, displaced again the Augustinian documents to Budapest. Finally, the 1958 restitution replaced the holdings back to Croatia. We can only partially assess the content of the archival holdings because many sources mention inventories, registries and urbaria that the convent in Rijeka once possessed. After its dissolution, the documents of a number of Augustinian fraternities disappeared. The most important of them was the Fraternity of Immaculate Conception, that convened in the Augustinian chapel and whose members were some of the most important citizens from Rijeka. The most important contribution to the archive of the Augustinian convent took place in 1958, when the Augustinian books and documents were restituted from Budapest. They have been kept in the State Archives in Rijeka ever since. The most important source preserved in Rijeka is Protocollum conventus Fluminensis Ordinis eremitarum s. patri Augustini ad s. Hieronymum. It was made by the Austrian Augustinian provincial Joseph Achinger, who in 1704 made an inventory of the archive of the Convent of St. Jerome. A smaller part of the archival holdings is preserved in the State Archives in Zagreb. It is not clear how the 16th century cartulary from the Augustinian Convent in Rijeka ended up in the University Library in Vienna. This Diplomatarium monasterii sancti Hieronimi ordinis eremitarum sancti Augustini in terra Fluminis sancti Viti is a source that still needs to be researched. During the last hundred years of its existence, the Augustinian convent makes part of the Austrian Province that preserved well the archives during the 18th century. It had nominated historians for every convent and documented local history. The historical research of the Convent of St. Jerome in Rijeka requires the knowledge of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine. They are grouped in provinces that are under the authority of the general prior with a seat in Rome. The Central Archives of the Order in Rome preserve the major part of the correspondence between generals and the provinces. The Austrian National Library in Vienna hosts the archives of the Augustinian Province of Austria since the Augustinians of St. Jerome were part of it from 1669 to 1788. There are manuscripts from Vienna Augustinian convent of St. Sebastian and St. Rocco, mostly records and excerpts from various sources from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. An important source for the Rijeka Convent is the Codex latinus monacensis 8423 from the Bavarian State Library, which is related to the period from 14th to 16th century, when the convent was part of the Augustinian Province of Bavaria. The work of Rijeka Augustinians can be reconstructed only through historical sources of those provinces, the central Order structures in Rome and the remains of once rich convent archive, parts of which are preserved today in Rijeka, Zagreb and Vienna.

Tijekom jedanaest godina rada Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog rata prikupio je veliku količinu arhivskoga gradiva nastalog djelovanjem pojedinaca, odnosno javnog arhivskoga gradiva nastalog tijekom Domovinskog rata, a koje je završilo u posjedu privatnih osoba ili raznih udruga te kao takvo ustupljeno Centru. Riječ je o raznolikom gradivu, konvencionalnog i nekonvencionalnog karaktera, vojne i civilne provenijencije, čiji su stvaratelji bili pripadnici hrvatskih snaga, snaga Jugoslavenske narodne armije i pobunjenih Srba, civilne osobe, državni i vojni dužnosnici ili zainteresirani pojedinci. U radu će se prikazati osnovne značajke i vrste takvoga gradiva, načini akvizicije, postupak vrednovanja i pohrane te njegova dostupnost, historiografska vrijednost te sumirati stečena iskustva. ; For different reasons the important records from the period of the Homeland War were also kept or are still kept by the private holders, whether these records were created by institutions or individuals, associations and organizations. By acknowledging the importance of such records and the sensitivity in its acquiring the Croatian Memorial-Documentation Centre of the Homeland War has started to collect them ever since it was established in 2005. By establishing the Centre as the central institution for archival and scientific research of the Homeland War, the Centre is recognised in the public as a trustworthy institution to which everyone interested to hand over the records can turn to. The private holders of the archives from the Homeland War can be divided into those who are the creators of archives and those who in various ways became possessors of public archives. The Centre can acquire records of private holders in two ways; mostly through donations, and partly by purchasing records that are particularly valuable and that were created as someone's authorship. After acquiring, the records are registered, appraised and classified, after which they form individual fonds or they supplement existing fonds and collections. Among the conventional archives, besides military documentation, the Centre acquired various newspapers, magazines and official papers, military maps, political and military posters, caricatures etc. The majority of the acquired records were digitized, due to a more efficient storage and keeping, as well as the desire of holders to keep the originals. The majority of archives from private holders are unconventional records (photographs, video and audio clips), i.e. the re-recorded and digitized conventional records. The archives acquired from individual private holders were in terms of subject and quantity appraised as a rounded off whole and after the archival processing it was decided to form personal papers. By the end of 2016 the Centre had ten of them. Besides these, the Centre also stores memoirist records of private holders, whether it concerns records created by structured interviews or written entries of the direct participants of the Homeland War. The Centre published part of these in 17 books as part of its publishing activity. Also, several photo-monographs were published based on the received or bought photographs from the private holders. Among the private holders from which the Centre got the archives are also the historians-researchers who gave or deposited in the Centre the materials they used, after finishing a certain research or a book. The majority of the acquired and processed archives of private holders are available to researchers through fonds and collections of the Centre. The basic problem regarding the acquiring of the records of private holders pertains to certain indistinctness in the Act on the Archives and the ignorance of holders regarding their obligations prescribed by the law which entails relinquishing of the public archives to the Centre. Besides ignorance, some of the holders advertently kept these records in their keeping mostly out of fear of misuse and the negative perception of the activity of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. However, after the acquittal of the generals Gotovina and Markač in late 2012 and the greater public recognisability of the Centre, the inflow of archives from public holders has been increased. Another problem in acquiring records of this kind is the parallel activity of certain individuals and associations with similar archival activities. As far as arranging is concerned, due to the large quantities of acquired records and their stockpiling in the future it will be necessary to pay greater attention to their appraisal and disposal. Still, it could be said that the archives of the private holders prominently features in the Centre's professional archival policy and that so far the important amount of such records had been acquired. Despite certain difficulties concerning their processing, these records are an important source for archivists, researchers and historians, particularly for subjects that are wider than the more usual political and military ones.

Augustinski samostan sv. Jeronima podignula je najstarija redovnička zajednica u Rijeci. Od početaka u 14. stoljeću, pa do ukidanja samostana 1788. godine, augustinci pustinjaci obilježili su grad i širu riječku okolicu u vjerskom, kulturnom i ekonomskom pogledu. Rad opisuje negativne posljedice jozefinističkoga zatvaranja samostana na augustinsko arhivsko gradivo, što se odrazilo i na nedovoljni historiografski interes prema povijesti te zajednice. Autor daje presjek sačuvanoga gradiva koncem pedesetih godina 20. stoljeća vraćena iz Budimpešte, od kojega je najvrjednije vrelo samostanski protokol. Navode se podatci i o arhivskom gradivu diljem Europe, iz svjetovnih i crkvenih ustanova, neophodnom za historiografsku prosudbu povijesti augustinaca pustinjaka u Rijeci.State Archives in Rijeka ; The history of the Order of Saint Augustine in Rijeka links the city and its region with Central Europe – more particularly to Bavaria, Bohemia, Austria, Slovenia and Italy. Unfortunately, the past of the Augustinian convent of St. Jerome is mostly unknown. The Order of St. Augustine was in fact the first religious community in Rijeka. The monastery, founded by the noble families of Devin and Walsee, existed from the 14th century till 1788, when it was dissolved by Joseph II. The archive suffered two main disasters: in 1509, when the Venetians partially destroyed it, and in 1788, the year of its closure. The Augustinian archive remained partially in the State Archives in Rijeka, but the largest part of its precious holdings was displaced. However, part of the archive disappeared. Cimiotti-Steimberg, a historian from Rijeka, speaks of that fact as incuria et vandalismus (negligence and vandalism). Part of the convent's archive returned to Croatia during the 19th century, but the Hungarian politics of centralization, led by Khuen-Héderváry, displaced again the Augustinian documents to Budapest. Finally, the 1958 restitution replaced the holdings back to Croatia. We can only partially assess the content of the archival holdings because many sources mention inventories, registries and urbaria that the convent in Rijeka once possessed. After its dissolution, the documents of a number of Augustinian fraternities disappeared. The most important of them was the Fraternity of Immaculate Conception, that convened in the Augustinian chapel and whose members were some of the most important citizens from Rijeka. The most important contribution to the archive of the Augustinian convent took place in 1958, when the Augustinian books and documents were restituted from Budapest. They have been kept in the State Archives in Rijeka ever since. The most important source preserved in Rijeka is Protocollum conventus Fluminensis Ordinis eremitarum s. patri Augustini ad s. Hieronymum. It was made by the Austrian Augustinian provincial Joseph Achinger, who in 1704 made an inventory of the archive of the Convent of St. Jerome. A smaller part of the archival holdings is preserved in the State Archives in Zagreb. It is not clear how the 16th century cartulary from the Augustinian Convent in Rijeka ended up in the University Library in Vienna. This Diplomatarium monasterii sancti Hieronimi ordinis eremitarum sancti Augustini in terra Fluminis sancti Viti is a source that still needs to be researched. During the last hundred years of its existence, the Augustinian convent makes part of the Austrian Province that preserved well the archives during the 18th century. It had nominated historians for every convent and documented local history. The historical research of the Convent of St. Jerome in Rijeka requires the knowledge of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine. They are grouped in provinces that are under the authority of the general prior with a seat in Rome. The Central Archives of the Order in Rome preserve the major part of the correspondence between generals and the provinces. The Austrian National Library in Vienna hosts the archives of the Augustinian Province of Austria since the Augustinians of St. Jerome were part of it from 1669 to 1788. There are manuscripts from Vienna Augustinian convent of St. Sebastian and St. Rocco, mostly records and excerpts from various sources from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. An important source for the Rijeka Convent is the Codex latinus monacensis 8423 from the Bavarian State Library, which is related to the period from 14th to 16th century, when the convent was part of the Augustinian Province of Bavaria. The work of Rijeka Augustinians can be reconstructed only through historical sources of those provinces, the central Order structures in Rome and the remains of once rich convent archive, parts of which are preserved today in Rijeka, Zagreb and Vienna.

U članku su prezentirani rezultati analize financiranja državnih arhiva proračunskim sredstvima namijenjenim financiranju javnih potreba u kulturi Republike Hrvatske u posljednjem desetogodišnjem razdoblju. Dane su nove spoznaje o financiranju arhivâ, što se uobičajeno navodi među ključnim čimbenicima (uz prostorne i ljudske resurse) koji utječu na stanje arhivske službe u Hrvatskoj. Rezultati analize sistematizirani su u obliku grafikona i tabličnih prikaza. Interpretirani su u širem kontekstu kretanja relativnoga udjela Ministarstva kulture u državnom proračunu Republike Hrvatske te ulaganja u programe drugih kulturnih djelatnosti. Između ostaloga, rezultati pokazuju vrstu, opseg i kontinuitet aktivnosti na koje su arhivi u sustavu javne arhivske službe stavljali naglasak, te njihovu podudarnost s osnovnim zadaćama arhivâ. Zajedno s pregledom kretanja iznosa odobrenih sredstava, takvi su podatci i jedan od pokazatelja odnosa države prema arhivskoj djelatnosti. Mogućnost praktične primjene rezultata istraživanja je u tome što daju podlogu za preispitivanje pristupa državnih arhiva u planiranju arhivskih programa, kao i metodologije financiranja od strane mjerodavnoga ministarstva. ; The article presents the results of state archives financing within programmes of public needs in the cultural portfolio of the Republic of Croatia during the last ten-year period. It is a contribution to the issue of state archives financing in general, which is usually listed among key factors (with spatial and human resources) that determine and condition the position of contemporary archival service in Croatia. The results are systemised in the form of graphs and tables. They are interpreted in the wider context of trends in the change of the Ministry of Culture's proportion in the total state budget and investments in programmes of other cultural services. Inter alia, the results demonstrate which activities, to what extent and in which continuity (short-term, long-term) were in focus of state archives in Croatia, as well as how they corresponded with their core tasks. Together with an analysis of the total amount of appropriations, such data are also one of the indicators of state's attitude towards archival service. The analysis shows that in the period 2010-2018, within public calls for financing programmes of public needs in culture, the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Croatia approved to state archives 1209 programmes in six categories: archives, international cultural cooperation, computerisation, digitisation, investment aid and preservation of immovable cultural goods. The total amount of appropriations for archival programmes was around 87,8 million HRK, which is 5,87% of total amount of appropriations provided for all programmes within those six categories. In the comparison with the average annual appropriations from the Ministry of Culture's budget in all cultural services and their programmes, the average annual appropriations in the programmes of state archives were 3,43%. They depended on the Ministry of Culture's proportion in the total annual state budget in that period. Analysis also demonstrates that three largest users of appropriations were the Croatian State Archives (32,05%), the State Archives in Dubrovnik (18,36%) and the State Archives in Zagreb (6,16%). All other state archives achieved individual shares less than 5 %. Such data illustrates disparities between state archives in the number, but also in the variety of applied programmes. Such disparities are the result of specific possibilities of each state archives (such as spatial and human resources), but also the consequence of the absence of long-term planning and development strategies for the archival service in Croatia in general. Such situation should be improved by the National Archival Service Development Plan, adoption of which by the Government of the Republic of Croatia is intended in the new Law on Archives and Archival Institutions (Official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia 61/2018). Besides appropriations from the national budget within described programmes of public needs in culture, state archives in Croatia are in front of the challenge to improve financing from other sources. The potential for such improvement is a more active approach to the use of the EU funds, i.e. better positioning of the archival and other cultural services in the EU multiannual financial framework (MFF) for the 2021-2027 period. Also, the results and services developed within archival programmes should be usable as new resources, i.e. potential sources of new income.

Zaštita kulturnoga dobra u izvanrednim situacijama provodi se u različitim područjima te ovisi o nizu informacija i postupaka koji ne nastaju isključivo unutar područja kulture. Različite dionike i postupke povezuju dokumentacija i dokumentiranje, a to su ujedno temeljni aspekti poslovanja AKM ustanova (arhivi, knjižnice i muzeji). Induktivnom analizom literature međunarodnih smjernica i hrvatskoga pravnoga okvira u ovom je radu analizirana uloga dokumentacije i preporučeni modeli dokumentiranja u izvanrednim situacijama. Zaključeno je da je uloga dokumentiranja u izvanrednim situacijama prepoznata kao važna, ali nedostatno raščlanjena te da su pojedini aspekti, poput dokumentiranja digitalnoga kulturnoga dobra tijekom izvanredne situacije, zanemareni. U završnom dijelu rada izdvojena su područja u kojima je potrebno provesti daljnja istraživanja. ; Creation and preservation of active and passive documentation are important activities embedded in the daily workflow of libraries, archives and museums (ALM). Also, documentation and documenting are integral parts of crisis management in the same context and important aspect of preventive conservation. The paper presents results of literary warrant analysis of relevant intrasectoral guidelines created by the following international organizations: International Council on Archives (ICA), International Council on Museums (ICOM), International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) and International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM). Since Croatian ALM institutions operate within a legislative framework in which various regulations determine and prescribe professional actions this aspect was considered as well. The goal of the analysis was to detect types of documentation, models of documentation, the role and purpose of documentation in the context of preparation and response to an emergency. Furthermore, the objective was to analyse and critically reflect on the issue of documentation in crisis and emergency conceptualized in guidelines of abovementioned international organizations and prescribed by Croatian legislative regulations. For the purposes of the paper the pre- and post- crisis documentation was divided a) according to the creation period (i.e. documentation created before crisis, during/immediately after crisis and after crisis in recovery period) and b) according to the type and business function (i.e. professional and administrative-technicaldocumentation). Common trait to all international guidelines was the importance of planning documenting activities within the general plan for preparation on crisis situations as well as the emphasis on the need for standardized, accurate, reliable, available and reusable documentation. Since analysed guidelines from ICA, ICOM and ICA originate from similar time periods they reflect similar worldview and compared with more recent ICCROM recommendation lack in details. Lack of documentation (both pre- and post- crisis) is a widely accepted risk factor. Croatian legislation system, beside early ratification of the Hague protocols (which was enhanced by the damages on cultural heritage during Homeland War in 1990s) recognize importance of accurate and detailed inventories and lists of protected cultural goods, but at the same time lack in recognizing the importance of documenting the crisis as recommended in international guidelines. General lack of recognition is noticed in the area of documenting the digital cultural heritage in crisis, or even the issue of cybersecurity connected with digital cultural heritage as such. Finally, this study detects possible further areas of research which might include among others: use of archival historical data in analysis of past and model of simulation of future crisis, case analysis of documentation management during crisis, studies of institutional implementation of guidelines and recommendations, testing new technologies as support in documentation efforts and analysis of legal and business consequences in cases when documentation was not accurate, reliable or available during the crisis preparation and response. 

U članku se donosi pregled i osnovne značajke dosad u najvećoj mjeri neobjavljene korespondencije Miroslava i Bele Krleže koja se čuva u osobnim i obiteljskim arhivskim fondovima, te arhivskim zbirkama Hrvatskoga državnoga arhiva. Donose se podatci o njezinoj količini i vremenskom rasponu te sadržaju. Korespondencija sadržava Krležine prosudbe o raznim temama i pojedincima, rasvjetljuje njegove i Beline odnose s primateljima i pošiljateljima, kao i njihove preokupacije iz vremena njezina nastanka. Sadržaj, koji je opisan i visoko vrednovan, dodatno je upotpunjen činjenicama raspoloživima iz arhivskoga gradiva fondova i zbirki u kojima se korespondencija nalazi, te spoznajama iz objavljene publicističke i znanstvene literature o Miroslavu i Beli Krleži. Kontekstualizirana korespondencija iz fundusa HDA nadopunjuje dosad objavljenu Krležinu i Belinu korespondenciju, istovremeno ukazujući na važnost i potencijal osobnih i obiteljskih arhivskih fondova i zbirki kao izvora za najrazličitija istraživanja. ; The paper gives an overview and outlines the basic characteristics of the correspondence of the renowned Croatian writer Miroslav Krleža (1893-1981) and his wife, the theatrical actress Bela (1896-1981), which are kept in the personal and family papers and archival collections of the Croatian State Archives. This batch of their correspondence had not been researched and only several letters of M. Krleža had been published in the 1988 book of his letters. Besides basic information about the quantity and timeframe of the correspondence, the emphasis is put on their contents, the latter often including Krleža's views on various topics and individuals, while at the same time providing insight into his and Bela's relationships with its recipients, as well as preoccupations that were on their mind at the time. The contents of letters and postcards are described or, in cases of greater value, quoted and additionally supplemented by the facts available from the archival material of the fonds/collections in question, and information from published sources that deal with M. and B. Krleža. Often the information revealed in the letters that only have a date enable after closer scrutiny to establish the year when they were written. The correspondence of the Krleža spouses is currently kept in 9 personal and 2 family papers, as well as 1 collection, namely: HR-HDA-772. Tarnik Family Papers, HR-HDA-781. Vojnović Family Papers, HR-HDA-803. Jurišić Blaž, HR-HDA-1014. Cesarec August, HR-HDA-1043. Karaman Igor, HR-HDA-1057. Mandić Ante, HR-HDA-1059. Matasović Josip, HR-HDA-1769. Radica Bogdan, HR-HDA-1779. Stulli Bernard, HR-HDA-1791. Trnina Milka, HR-HDA-1801. Collection of Various Individuals, HR-HDA-2044. Begović Milan and HR-HDA-2076. Matković Marijan. The largest quantity is kept in the latter i.e. the total of 40 correspondence units. Marijan Matković was a prolific playwright, manager of the Croatian National Theatre during the period when B. Krleža was already an established actress in its drama section, and the editor-in-chief of the Forum literary journal which M. Krleža initiated and whose frequent collaborator he was. M. Krleža's letters to Matković cover various subjects, from attempts to secure Bela's leave from the theatre during his duties in Paris in 1950, his endeavours to use his social influence in order for certain works of other authors to be published, to Krleža's involvement with various details regarding the publishing of Forum and at one point his displeasure with the direction the journal was taking. On the other hand, Bela's letters to Matković, often more facetious and charming in tone, testify not only of the long-time friendship between the two families and her affection for the recipient, but also give hints of her privileged status in the Croatian National Theatre due to her husband's importance and reputation in the socialist Yugoslavia. Whereas in the letters sent to Aleksandar Keško, a cultural worker from Sarajevo, among other things Krleža answers his questions on various topics and at times writes passages common to his novels or essays, his correspondence with the prominent Croatian publicist and émigré Bogdan Radica shows how their personal relationship changed over the years due to insurmountable political differences. A topic pertaining to the Croatian dissident poet Zlatko Tomičić, raised in Radica's letter intended for Krleža, demonstrates that during his old age Krleža, in conversations published by his long-time associate Enes Čengić, was either prone to fabrications or absent-mindedness. Krleža's letters from 1931 to Blaž Jurišić, a linguist and a journal editor, show him at the very peak of his literary activity in what was to be his most productive decade. The letters written to Krleža by Ante Mandić, a politician and a solicitor, just like Krleža's letter to Juraj Tarnik, a chemist from Osijek, affirm Krleža as a person of influence in Tito's Yugoslavia, whose connections and status were perceived to enable rectifying certain problems, such as employment in the Lexicographical Institute he headed or the issue of subtenants. Of the two letters written by Bela Krleža to the esteemed Croatian writer Milan Begović in 1926, the cryptic identity of a person called 'The Countess' in the second letter can be identified with considerable certainty through cast names on theatrical posters of Begović's plays. The correspondence in the remaining fonds is of a lesser value and is therefore described to a lesser degree. It can be concluded that the correspondence of Miroslav and Bela Krleža in the mentioned fonds and collections of the Croatian State Archives supplements the so far uncomplete research of this particular field. New acquisitions of personal/family papers will undoubtedly augment the total quantity of their letters kept in the central Croatian archival institution and thusly enable further and more complete research.

Autori predlažu rješenje za pohranu tekućeg digitalnoga gradiva upravnih ustanova, uz osiguranje njegove autentičnosti, koje se temelji na komponenti državnog oblaka i komponenti ulančanih blokova (engl. blockchain). Takvo rješenje mogle bi koristiti upravne ustanove koje nemaju svoje sustave za upravljanje gradivom, a ono bi se moglo, na temelju dijeljenja iste platforme i funkcija, nadograditi državnim digitalnim arhivom, koji bi tada trebao imati funkciju očuvanja digitalnoga gradiva i njegove autentičnosti. Razvojem komponente ulančanih blokova koja je distribuirana na učesnike sustava (ustanove) i, konačno, razvojem predloženog sustava od povjerenja kao cjeline, ojačavaju se kapaciteti i vjerodostojnost svih upravnih ustanova koje koriste predloženi koncept sustava. Sustav se može nadograditi državnim digitalnim arhivom za arhivski dio digitalnoga gradiva upravnih (i drugih) ustanova. ; This article proposes a conceptual solution for the cloud-based electronic recordkeeping system for Croatian governmental institutions. The solution could provide maintenance of authentic records for a large group of Croatian governmental institutions and the preservation of their archived materials. The proposed solution can also be the foundation for the national digital archives, which Croatia certainly needs. The absence of the national digital archives today resembles the nonexistence of the national archives made of brick and concrete. In their proposal, the authors rely on a cloud solution, governed by the state for the reasons of storing large amounts of material more economically, and a blockchain solution controlled by the institutions-participants which can support the important archival aspects of the preserved digital records over time. What does it mean to store and archive authentic current and archival materials? What would be the consequences of this practice for the institutions themselves? Trust in institutions through the trust in their founders cannot be the foundation for the "places of authentication" (loca credibilia, trustworthy institutions) or the similar convention in the contemporary world. The quality of functions, processes and their digital recordkeeping systems and archives should be the cornerstone of this convention of confidence in institutions nowadays. In the first part of the article, the authors decompose the complex, tautological and fractally created notions of trustworthiness, reliability, and authenticity of the institutions, their systems and archives, and their records. The results of this deconstruction are operational concepts of the authenticity of records and trustworthiness of systems, archives, and institutions. These deconstructed concepts are now suitable for the construction of electronic records management systems and digital archives. The preservation of the digital records, especially those which are digitally signed, and maintenance of their authenticity, represent the challenge for contemporary administrative and archival practice. The second part of the article deals with the archival concept of preservation and the problem of certificates issued only for a limited duration. In the third part of the article, the authors focus on the available technologies, and in the fourth part of the article, the authors deal with the possible case study suggestion and the reference project management framework for one of the possible solutions. The fifth part of the article brings the discussion and reasoning for this endeavour. Comparing this cloud-based solution with a variety of in-house developed projects, it would take less investment per institution, the entire network would have a standardised level of protection of digital materials, the sustainability would be higher, and the transfers of materials to the national archives would be better prepared. The authors offer the conclusion and the further research directions in the last part of the article. The government and its institutions should have their administrative (business) processes streamlined and maintained, as well as their processes with current and archival records. There are many governmental institutions in Croatia which do not have this kind of controls in place and a system based on the proposed concept would help them catch up with the developed world. Finally, the development of the system and the digital archives according to the proposed conceptual solution should significantly contribute to the proper recordkeeping practice and public's trust in the governmental institutions.

Irska folklorna zbirka nacionalni je društveni arhiv i važna je središnja točka koja je imala stabilizirajući utjecaj na razvoj irskog kolektivnog identiteta nakon osnutka Irske slobodne države 1922. godine. Ovaj povijesni model prilagođen je i izmijenjen kako bi ispunio sličnu zadaću u nastajanju kolektivnog identiteta Južnog Tirola u sjevernoj Italiji, gdje je izazovno manjinsko pitanje pacificirano dalekosežnim ustupcima i regionalnom političkom i kulturnom autonomijom. Prilog ističe da uspostavljanje društvenog arhiva na ovom području spornih sjećanja i oprečnih tumačenja povijesti 20. stoljeća povjesničaru postavlja brojne izazove, od poštivanja individualnih sjećanja do usvajanja međunarodno prihvaćenih interpretacija fašističke prošlosti u Njemačkoj i Italiji. Zaključuje se da bi, unatoč tim izazovima, društveni arhiv mogao biti odgovarajući instrument za poticanje pomirenja i međusobnog razumijevanja. ; The Irish folklore collection is a national social archive and has been an important focal point and a stabilizing influence on the development of the Irish collective identity after the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922. This historic blueprint has been adapted and modified to fulfill a similar role in the emerging collective identity of South Tyrol in Northern Italy, where a challenging minority issue was pacified through far-reaching concessions and a regional political and cultural autonomy. This contribution outlines that establishing a social archive in this area of contested memories and conflicting interpretations of the history of the 20th century poses many challenges to the historian, ranging from the respect for individual recollections to the adoption of internationally accepted interpretations of the Fascist past in Germany and Italy. It concludes that despite these challenges, a social archive might be the appropriate instrument to foster reconciliation and mutual understanding. ; La Collezione del folklore irlandese è un archivio sociale nazionale ed è stato un importante punto focale e un'influenza stabilizzante sullo sviluppo dell'identità collettiva irlandese dopo la fondazione dello Stato libero irlandese nel 1922. Questo modello storico è stato adattato e modificato per soddisfare un ruolo simile nell'emergente identità collettiva del Sud Tirolo nell'Italia del nord, dove un arduo problema delle minoranze è stato pacificato attraverso concessioni di vasta portata e un'autonomia politica e culturale regionale. Questo contributo sottolinea che la costituzione di un archivio sociale in quest'area di memorie contestate e interpretazioni contrastanti della storia del XX secolo pone molte sfide allo storico, che vanno dal rispetto per i ricordi individuali all'adozione di interpretazioni del passato fascista in Germania e in Italia accettate a livello internazionale. Conclude che, nonostante queste sfide, un archivio sociale potrebbe essere lo strumento appropriato per favorire la riconciliazione e la comprensione reciproca.

Rad opisuje odnos grkokatoličkog biskupa Ilije Hranilovića i biskupa Josipa J. Strossmayera pri čemu se jasno nazire da je biskup Hranilović u svom kratkom biskupovanju (1882.-1889.), isprva bojažljivo, a zatim sve hrabrije počeo podržavati političku, te vjersku misiju i misao biskupa Strossmayera - o jedinstvu crkava i jačanju pozicija hrvatskog i ostalih slavenskih naroda unutar Austro-Ugarske Monarhije, kojom su tada vladale bečke i budimpeštanske elite. Postao je dakle vrlo brzo jedan od "Strossmayerovih ljudi." Također se donose prijepisi šest pisama sačuvanih u Strossmayerovoj ostavštini u arhivu HAZU biskupa Hranilovića Strossmayeru, te jedno pismo Strossmayera generalu Petru Hraniloviću, rođaku biskupa Ilije Hranilovića, u kojem Strossmayer izražava svoje saučešće prigodom rane biskupove smrti. ; The paper sheds light on the relationship between Bishop Josip J. Strossmayer and the Greek Catholic Bishop Ilija Hranilović. Hranilović's support for the political and religious mission and thought of Bishop Strossmayer – who was concerned about the unity of the Catholic Church and the strengthening of the position of the Croatian people, as well as other peoples, in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy which was at the time governed by the Vienna and Budapest elites – was timid at first, but later grew so strong that he soon became one of "Strossmayer's men". In addition, the transcripts of six letters that Strossmayer sent to Bishop Hranilović, which are part of the Strossmayer legacy stored in the Archive of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and one that he sent to Bishop Hranilović's relative General Petar Hranilović, in which he expressed his condolences on the premature death of the Bishop, are given in the paper.

Mapire enables one to navigate historical maps of the Habsburg Empire. The name Mapire came from the words Map and Empire, implying the very essence of the portal. The main goal of the portal, as its creators say, is to create an international collaboration to make this content available to the world in a common interface using latest GIS features. Mapire has been created in collaboration between the following institutes: • Austrian State Archives as the owner of the first and second military surveys • Hungarian National Archives as the owner of Hungarian cadastral maps • Croatian State Archives as the owner of Croatian cadastral maps • Hungarian War Archives as the owner of the third military survey • City Archives of Budapest as the owner of the maps of Budapest • Arcanum Adatbázis Kft as the developer and operator of the project • Department of Geophysics and Space Science, ELTE as the scientific background ; Internetski portal Mapire korisnicima omogućuje pregledavanje starih karata Habsburške Monarhije. Naziv Mapire nastao je sintezom riječi karta (eng. map) i carstvo (eng. empire) čime se može naslutiti sadržaj portala. Glavni cilj portala je, kako kažu i njegovi kreatori, stvoriti međunarodnu suradnju kako bi se taj materijal ponudio u obliku jednostavnog sučelja potkrijepljenog suvremenim GIS rješenjima. Internetski portal Mapire nastao je suradnjom sljedećih institucija: • Austrijski državni arhiv kao vlasnik karata prve i druge vojne izmjere • Mađarski nacionalni arhiv kao vlasnik katastarskih planova Mađarske • Hrvatski državni arhiv kao vlasnik kopija katastarskih planova Hrvatske • Mađarski vojni arhiv kao vlasnik karata treće vojne izmjere • Gradski arhiv grada Budimpešte kao vlasnik povijesnih karata Budimpešte • Arcanum Adatbázis Kft kao izvođač projekta • Department of Geophysics and Space Science, ELTE kao znanstvena podrška projektu

1948. bila je prijelomna godina za jugoslavensko-američke odnose i američku vanjsku politiku prema Jugoslaviji. Nakon razlaza sa Staljinom, američka administracija formulirala je "strategiju klina" u svrhu održavanja Tita "na površini" te, osim ekonomske i vojne pomoći, pokrenula niz kulturnih programa namijenjenih približavanju Jugoslavije Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Članak analizira aktivnosti kao i kulturnu i intelektualnu atraktivnost Američke čitaonice u Zagrebu u jeku Hladnog rata kao dio američke javne i kulturne diplomacije. Nastao je na temelju usmenog intervjua te je popraćen međunarodnim arhivskim istraživanjem (National Archives at College Park i University of Arkansas Library, SAD; Arhiv Jugoslavije, Arhiv Josipa Broza Tita i Historijski arhiv grada Beograda, Beograd; Hrvatski državni arhiv, Zagreb; te Roosevelt Institute for American Studies Microfilm Collection). Autorica tvrdi da je kroz djelatnosti čitaonice, programe kulturnih razmjena, radio Glas Amerike, američkih paviljona na Zagrebačkom i Beogradskom velesajmu, kao i preko kulturnih gostovanja, američka vlada uspješno vezala jugoslavenski kulturni prostor za zapadne, američke trendove i tendencije. Kroz perspektivu osobnog svjedoka, direktorice United States Information Servicea (USIS) Zagreb, autorica izlaže uspjehe, granice i prostore pregovaranja američke javne diplomacije (public diplomacy) kao validnog instrumenta američke vanjske politike prema Titovoj Jugoslaviji. ; 1948 was a breakthrough year for the Yugoslav-American bilateral relations and the US foreign policy towards Yugoslavia. After the Tito-Stalin split, the US administration conceived a "wedge strategy" to "keep Tito afloat" and, besides economic and military aid, launched a series of cultural programs aimed at bringing Yugoslavia closer to the United States. The article analyzes the activities as well as the cultural and intellectual attractiveness of the American Library Zagreb at the height of the Cold War as part of the US public diplomacy strategy in socialist Yugoslavia. Based on an oral interview, the article relies on international archival research at the National Archives at College Park and the University of Arkansas Library, USA, the Yugoslav Archives, Josip Broz Tito's Archives, Belgrade's Historical Archives, Belgrade, the Croatian State Archives, and the Roosevelt Institute for American Studies Microfilm Collection. The author argues that through the library activities, the cultural exchange programs, the Voice of America, and the American pavilions at the Zagreb and Belgrade Fair, as well as through cultural visits, the US government successfully linked the Yugoslav cultural space to Western, American trends and tendencies. Through the perspective of a witness, the United States Information Service (USIS) director in Zagreb, the author presents the successes, boundaries and negotiating spaces of the US public diplomacy as a valid instrument of US foreign policy towards Tito's Yugoslavia.

Based on the party archives, newspaper archives and literature recovery, the author presents the political programs and activities of the Croatian Party of Rights (HSP) from 1990 to 1992. This work analyzes the political aims of the party, the most important personalities associated with it during this period, the significance of its electioneering as well as of its results in the election of 1992. Once the multiparty system was established, HSP was rebuilt by Dobroslav Paraga and Ante Paradzik. The main party's program was the establishment of an independent Croatian state. Political action of HSP resulted in political killings, political trials of leading party officials and the Party's schism. The fundamental obstacle to renewal and further development of HSP was the Croatian Democratic Union and its attitude towards HSP. Adapted from the source document.

Starting from Agamben's term "Gesture" -- interpreted as "communication of communicability" -- and having in mind links between Gesture & politics, this text opens the possibility of reading Guy Debord's ideas into the heterotopia of the Prologue of "Dundo Maroje" by Croatian Renaissance playwright Marin Drzic. In this way, the possibility of cultural criticism has been tested on the basis of an insight into social performances structured as acts in a play; from the crisis & the culmination to the dramatic solution, & back again. The title syntagm "theatre of shame" is being argumented with the thesis that spectacularized societies archive shame by false identity witnessing. This paper suggests that our confrontation with the Other in ourselves -- exemplified through the lack of capacity to witness identity in the media -- leads to what Agamben describes as the slipping away of the truth of witnessing from the jurisdiction of the archive. Adapted from the source document.