The Icefield Ranges Research Project conducted its seventh field program in the St. Elias Mountains between 15 May and 1 September 1967. Under the broad categories of Earth Sciences and Biological Sciences, studies in 18 disciplines were conducted by more than 38 investigators and their assistants. This figure does not include personnel of the supporting Kluane Lake Activity of the Arctic Institute of North America, nor does it include 8 visiting investigators who took the opportunity to conduct short-term studies or to observe field programs in operation. .
Researchers are braving the Yukon ever earlier in the season for the Icefield Ranges Research Project (IRRP). The first group arrived at the IRRP Kluane Lake base camp (61 N, 138 W) on 15 April 1974 and the last group did not leave until 15 October. The winters of 1974 and 1975 mark the first occasion of the base camp being open year-round for two consecutive years. This innovation made possible as a result of the appointment of Mr. and Mrs. A. Williams as a resident camp-management team, is necessary scientifically because certain meteorological projects have to be conducted on a twelve-month basis, as discussed below. One hundred and four researchers and their assistants, representing nearly twenty universities, government agencies and institutions, made use of the IRRP facilities, and approximately 3,300 man-days of accommodation and subsistence were recorded. A number of improvements were made to the physical facilities; a new 24 ft x 12 ft (7.3 m x 3.7 m) utility building is now under construction, and two small trailer units have been installed by the group from the University of British Columbia as additional laboratory space for animal behavioural studies. The two ski-wheel-equipped Helio Courier aircraft of the Arctic Institute of North America performed a total of 173 hours of project-support flying, and in addition twenty hours of time of a Jet Ranger and a Hughes 400 helicopter was chartered. One of the Institute's aircraft, which was on lease to Trans North Turbo Air Limited and was engaged in commercial and tourist operations, suffered a minor accident during the field season. The largest aircraft ever to land at the base camp, a Canadian Forces Hercules transport, was used in support of the High Altitude Physiology Studies programme. . Glacier survey project: In 1972 the Institute was awarded funds by the Glaciology Division, Department of the Environment, Ottawa, to undertake an inventory of glaciers in the St. Elias Mountains. This work was continued during 1974 by Messrs, S.G. Collins and R. Ragle. Work on the glacier basins of the Donjek River, Alsek River and Tatshenshini River was completed. To date more than 2,000 glacial features have been mapped and recorded. They concern glacier size, location and description. The Project is scheduled for completion in 1976. An extensive bibliography of the St. Elias Mountains is in preparation also and now contains more than 1,100 entries. Climatological projects: Under the direction of the Camp Manager, Mr. A. Williams, and Mr. R. Lenton of AINA, Montreal, and as part of a proposed long-range plan, two pilot climatological projects were initiated in 1974 on behalf of Environment Canada and Parks Canada. Standard and automatic stations were established in the Kluane National Park adjacent to the Slims River and at the 9,000 ft (2,700 m) Divide Station. The year-round meteorological project at Kluane Lake Base was continued in association with the Atmospheric Environment Service, Whitehorse, Y.T. .
Canada's most distinguished anthropologist, Dr. Diamond Jenness, formerly Chief of the Division of Anthropology, National Museums of Canada, and Honorary Associate of the Arctic Institute of North America, died peacefully at his home in the Gatineau Hills near Ottawa on 29 November, 1969. He was one of that rapidly-vanishing, virtually extinct kind - the all round anthropologist, who, working seriously, turned out first-class publications in all four major branches of the discipline: ethnology, linguistics, archaeology, and physical anthropology. One must also add a fifth: applied anthropology, a fitting designation for the series of monographs on Eskimo administration in Alaska, Canada, and Greenland which he wrote after his retirement and which were published by the Arctic Institute of North America. . [In response to an invitation to join Stefansson Arctic Expedition and study Eskimos for three years, Jenness found himself a member of the Southern Party with an assignment to study the Copper Eskimos around Coronation Gulf. These plans were interrupted due to the presence of sea ice.] On 30 September, Stefansson, with his secretary Burt McConnell, Jenness, two Eskimos, and the expedition's photographer G.H. Wilkins (later Sir Hubert Wilkins), left the Karluk near the mouth of the Colville River to hunt caribou and lay in a supply of fresh meat when it had become apparent that the ship, immobilized in the ice, could proceed no further. With two sleds, twelve dogs and food for twelve days the party set out for the mainland, but they never saw the Karluk again, for a week or so later the unfortunate vessel began her final drift westward. This was the inauspicious beginning of Jenness' arctic career. Few young anthropologists have faced such difficulties in beginning field-work in a new and unfamiliar area; yet none, surely, has emerged from the test with a more brilliant record of work accomplished. . Jenness' first winter's field-work on the Arctic coast of Alaska led to [an] impressive list of publications . conducted under conditions that many an ethnographer would have found intolerable. . Scarcely a hint of these personal experiences of his first winter in the Arctic will be found in Jenness' anthropological writings. They were reserved for his retrospective volume Dawn in Arctic Alaska (1957) which he wrote while on a Gugenheim scholarship in 1954, some years after his retirement. . Jenness' first year in the Arctic ended in July 1914 when the Expedition's schooners left Camden Bay and sailed eastward to Dolphin and Union Strait where he was to meet with another though very different, Eskimo people named by Stefansson the Copper Eskimos, most of whom, before Stefansson worked among them in 1910-1911, had never seen a white man. . To obtain a faithful picture of the life of the Copper Eskimos Jenness chose an approach that in those days was not often employed by ethnologists. He entered into their life directly, as one of them. He attached himself to an Eskimo family and became the adopted son of Ikpukhuak, one of the foremost hunters and respected leaders of the Puivlik tribe of southwest Victoria Island, and his wife Higilak (Ice House), who was not only proficient in the ordinary and burdensome duties of an Eskimo wife but was also a shaman in her own right, a talent that saved Jenness from a local murder charge. Jenness lived with these people in their snow houses in winter and skin tents in summer, observing and recording the vastly different modes of life according to season. . Jenness' researches extended far beyond Coronation Gulf and the arctic coast westward. . Jenness always disclaimed being an archaeologist, yet he made two discoveries that are fundamental to an understanding of Eskimo prehistory - discovery of the Dorset culture in the eastern Arctic, and of the Old Bering Sea, earliest stage of the maritime pattern of Eskimo culture that later spread from northern Alaska to Canada and Greenland to form the principal basis for modern Eskimo culture. . And so much more. In 1926, Jenness succeeded Edward Sapir as Chief Anthropologist of the National Museum of Canada. . He developed the Antiquities Legislation that has been so important for the protection of archaeological resources in the Northwest Territories. . Between 1962 and 1968 the Arctic Institute of North America published his admirable five volumes on Eskimo administration in Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. These monographs reflect his durable and compassionate concern for Canadian Indians and Eskimos and in them one can find much of the advice that he, for so many decades, provided the Canadian Government. . [Jenness' accomplishments extend beyond the realm of anthropology and his reputation was both national and international. For his services in the field of anthropology, particularly in connection with the Indian and Eskimo population of Canada, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada.]
When the Arctic Institute of North America was established in 1945 as a membership institution, it was understood that the membership expected the Institute to publish a journal. It appeared for the first time in 1948, as Arctic, The Journal of the Arctic Institute of North America, and has been published continuously for 40 years since then. It is now a leading academic journal publishing research papers from a variety of disciplines on a wide range of subjects dealing with the Arctic. Over the 40 years it published 40 volumes comprising 1231 research papers and other related material. The present study reports a content analysis of the 1231 papers revealing that trends over the last 40 years of research in the North were guided by the economic and academic pressures of the day for northern research. The bulk of papers in the 40 years involved three major areas: biological sciences, earth sciences and social sciences. The proportion of research papers in earth sciences showed a decline, accompanied by a strong growth in biological science papers and a modest growth in social science papers. Over the 40 years, subjects sited in the Canadian Arctic always dominated, with a steady growth from 23% of the total papers per volume to 42%. In particular, significant increases in the numbers of papers in the last 10 years came from resource-related work in the North, as well as from political, educational, cultural and sovereignty-related research. Research in the North leading to publication in Arctic was conducted largely by biologists and earth scientists. Canadian and American authors accounted for most of the papers, with the proportion being roughly equal. . Numbers of manuscripts received by Arctic increased steadily over the years . Acceptance rates declined slightly over the years to the present rate of 60%. .Key words: Arctic Institute of North America, Arctic, content analysis, trends, subject matter, location of study area, author's discipline, author's nationality ; Quand l'Institut arctique de l'Amérique du Nord fut établi en 1945, en tant qu'organisme composé de membres, il était entendu que l'Institut devait publier un journal. Il parut pour la première fois en 1948 sous le nom de Arctic, The Journal of the Arctic Institute of North America, et il a été publié sans interruption depuis 40 ans. C'est maintenant un journal académique de premier plan, qui publie des articles de recherche dans diverses disciplines sur des sujets très variés se rapportant à l'Arctique. Au cours de ces 40 années, le journal a publié 40 volumes comprenant 1231 articles de recherche et d'autres documents connexes. La présente étude offre une analyse du contenu des 1231 articles, qui révèle qu'au cours des 40 dernières années, les sujets de recherche dans le Nord ont été influencés par les pressions économiques et académiques de l'heure. La majorité des articles publiés au cours de ces 40 ans couvrent trois domaines principaux: les sciences biologiques, les sciences de la terre et les sciences sociales. L'analyse montre une diminution de la proportion des articles de recherche sur les sciences de la terre, accompagnée d'une forte augmentation du nombre d'articles sur les sciences biologiques et d'une augmentation modeste de ceux sur les sciences sociales. Pendant ces 40 ans, les sujets situés dans l'Arctique canadien ont toujours dominé, avec une croissance soutenue de 23% à 42% des articles par volume. En particulier, l'augmentation importante du nombre d'articles dans les 10 dernières années est due aux travaux reliés aux ressources naturelles dans le Nord, ainsi qu'aux recherches sur les questions de politique, d'éducation, de culture et de souveraineté. La recherche dans le Nord qui a donné lieu à des publications dans Arctic a été menée en grande partie par des biologistes et des spécialistes en sciences de la terre. Les auteurs canadiens et américains ont été responsables de la majorité des articles, en proportions à peu près égales. Le nombre d'auteurs américains est resté presque constant au cours des 40 années, tandis que celui des auteurs canadiens a légèrement augmenté. Pendant la même période, le nombre de pages et le nombre d'articles par volume ont augmenté et ils atteignent maintenant respectivement environ 400 et 45. Les articles sont devenus plus courts durant ces 40 années, et le nombre d'auteurs part article s'est accru continuellement pour atteindre 1,8 vers la fin de cette période. Le nombre de manuscrits reçus par Arctic a augmenté de façon continue au cours des années, sauf lors d'une interruption causée par le déménagement de l'Institut de Montréal à Calgary. Le taux d'acceptation a diminué légèrement pendant cette période jusqu'au taux actuel de 60%. La plupart des auteurs ayant publié dans Arctic n'ont écrit qu'un seul article et 14 auteurs en ont écrit plus de 5. On peut considérer Arctic comme une publication viable car elle est un véhicule unique en son genre qui permet de faire circuler des informations multidisciplinaires sur un grand nombre de sujets reliés au Nord.Mots clés: Institut arctique de l'Amérique du Nord, Arctic, analyse du contenu, tendances, sujet, emplacement de la zone d'étude, discipline de l'auteur, nationalité de l'auteur
Two fundamental premises I think can be accepted at the outset. First, if the Institute fulfils a useful and needed role in contributing to man's knowledge and understanding of the polar regions, and does it through bold, perceptive, and imaginative leadership, its future is secure. The second premise is that the future of the Institute itself is indisputably locked to the future of the polar regions. With these in mind let us consider briefly, by way of introduction, the founding of the Institute and the circumstances surrounding it. A question may be posed. Would the same kind of Institute be founded today as was founded in 1944. I think the answer would be no. In 1944 the Institute was founded to meet specific needs that were very real and pressing at that time. It is important to note that, as outlined in a previous chapter, the needs in Canada were quite different from those in the United States. In the United States there was in simple terms a desire to preserve for future use the knowledge and information that had been assembled by the U.S. Army Air Force's Arctic, Desert and Tropic Information Center, since it was almost taken for granted that this activity would just fade away in the rapid demobilization which could be expected at the end of World War II. In Canada, however, action stemmed from a comparatively small group of dedicated citizens who recognized the importance of the North to Canada and desired to cultivate more broadly a national concern and awareness of this. Curiously enough the common cause of World War II brought together those individuals from the United States and Canada who were then more intimately concerned with these needs and many of whom shared a common background of experience and interest in the North. Thus, at War's end a binational organization was founded to meet the differing needs of the two countries with responsibilities vested in the Board of Governors with joint Canadian and United States membership. The fundamental basis was a common desire to continue and foster this existing interest in the North, which had been brought into focus by wartime circumstances. To meet these differing needs the Institute was constituted to provide for two general areas of endeavour. The normal mission of a scientific organization to acquire and preserve knowledge was provided for and implemented initially through a grant-in-aid program, the scientific journal Arctic, the establishment of the Institute's library, and the publication of Arctic Bibliography. But in order to create a more general interest and awareness of the North and its emerging significance, an Institute Associate program was also established. This was later extended by the establishment of a class of Fellows, who are elected by the Institute's Board of Governors in recognition of their contributions to polar research and who participate in Institute affairs through election of a portion of the Institute's governing body. One must note that at this time, reflecting the need first for basic scientific knowledge of the North which had been emphasized by the military requirements of World War II, the early interest and concern of the Institute was almost exclusively within the natural sciences. As a result the people called upon in the early days of the Institute because of their experience were drawn largely from the ranks of the natural scientists. In perspective it must also be noted that at the time there were few social scientists with any interest or experience in the North except for a small group of archeologists and anthropologists. Now, twenty years later, circumstances are far different from those at the time the Institute was founded. The immediate needs which the Institute was intended to fill are now being met. The over-all importance of the polar regions to the modern world is recognized. A broad national effort in northern study has emerged in Canada with an increased recognition of the economic, social, and political significance of Canada's northern territories and a responsibility therefor. Prima facie evidence of the very basic concern for the future is demonstrated in the proposed Centennial Fund for Northern Research in Canada, in which the Arctic Institute can be said to have had the guiding hand. The United States now recognizes equally the significance of the North and additionally has mounted a vast national program of scientific endeavour in the Antarctic. Through these efforts there has been a manifold increase in polar research during the last twenty years, and a whole new generation of "polar scientists" has been trained in the process. The appropriate government agencies have recognized their mission and responsibility through the establishment and support of active programs. A number of universities in both Canada and the United States have developed programs of polar, boreal, or northern research through the interest of individual faculty members or in some cases through the establishment of special institutes. And of perhaps greatest practical importance, new funds and resources have become available to create and support these programs. Thus there would in fact be far less need today for the type of institute that was conceived in 1944. Correspondingly the Institute of today bears little resemblance to the Institute of twenty years ago. In response to the changing environment it has altered and expanded its scope of activities in directions which never could have been foreseen twenty years ago. The multiplicity of present Institute activities, all of which contribute effectively to a primary objective of increasing man's knowledge and understanding of the polar regions, has been amply covered in a previous chapter, thus little need be said here, but I do think it is important to consider the principal environmental changes that have affected the over-all field of polar research. .
On 8 December 1953, the Rt. Hon. Louis St. Laurent, Prime Minister of Canada, while moving the second reading of the bill to create the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources, said in the Canadian House of Commons: "Apparently we have administered these vast territories of the north in an almost continuing state of absence of mind." Some ten years earlier, a few Canadians, concerned over the wholly inadequate attention being paid by both Canadian government and people to the rising importance of the northern regions of the world and the significance for Canada of her own huge northern territories, were discussing among themselves what might be done to remedy this state of affairs. Could a group of Canadians, as private citizens, take action that would focus attention on the North? If so, what would be of the most worth? The group, many of them friends, living within easy reach of each other, increased from some three or so in 1942-43 to about half a dozen by early 1944. Their discussions, at that time solely concerned with a Canadian problem, led to a sequence of events that, by 1945, had culminated in the creation and finally the legal incorporation of the Arctic Institute of North America. The object of this article is to tell the story of how this came to pass. It is an attempt by a Canadian founder of the Institute to describe the atmosphere in which it was founded, and to provide some historical documentation. .
Approximately 70 years ago a young man developed a deep and very personal relationship with the mountain world and a keen interest in the scientific investigation of its natural wonders. . His successful academics and his mountain prowess led Wood to the American Geographical Society in New York City, where in the 1930s he directed the Society's Department of Exploration and Field Research. It was at the AGS that he conceived of and developed a program of exploration and scientific research that was to evolve during the rest of his life. . During World War II, Walter Wood played a leadership role in the development of military logistic support techniques in the high mountains and participated in the training of mountain troops, first while at the U.S. Army's Arctic, Desert, Tropic Information Center in Minneapolis and later in cooperation with Canadian military personnel, . The Wood Yukon expeditions of the 1930s had been forerunners to a far more sophisticated scientific examination of the St. Elias Mountains in the decades following World War II. . Project Snow Cornice encompassed four field seasons: 1948, 1949, 1950 (winter) and 1951. . Wood in 1961 founded the Icefield Ranges Research Project (IRRP), again under the auspices of the Arctic Institute of North America together with the American Geographical Society. . In recalling and recounting the highlights of these expeditions and field research programs, it is easy to take their success for granted. At the same time, we should be very much aware that although the successes shine brightly, they came as the result of not only a great amount of hard work, but most especially because of the extraordinary vision, organizational ability and leadership of Walter Wood. Wood, as a geographer, was a great believer in coordination and cooperation among sciences and scientists. . He was a marvellous leader of both his scientific and his mountaineering companions. .
In the spring of 1848 the first expeditions sailed in search of the lost Franklin expedition. Unfortunately Franklin and most of his men were already dead. Although this was unknown to the early relief expeditions, it must have seemed increasingly probable to the crews of the forty ships which followed during the next eleven years. Increasingly they felt free to turn their attention to the discovery of those unknown islands among which the expedition had so mysteriously disappeared. Before clear evidence of the tragedy was found, the northwest passage had been negotiated and most of the Canadian Arctic archipelago had been outlined. Today it is appropriate to look back a century and realize that these same inhospitable regions are the scene of activity such as they have not known in the intervening years. Spurred by no tragedy, assisted by aids unknown even a generation ago, the exploration, mapping and scientific study of the North American Arctic is now being pursued on a scale never before possible. What an unique opportunity it is! The world revolves about the polar regions. The magnetic poles, the aurora, the effects of continuous summer sunlight, the winter's cold are strange physical attributes that make the background to this exploration of the world's last undiscovered frontiers as fascinating today as it has ever been. Discovery was not the only achievement of the Franklin search, for it elicited world wide sympathy and support from many nations. Bellot Strait at the extreme northern boundary of the mainland was named for a French volunteer. The Danish and Russian governments assisted search parties. Henry Grinnell of Philadelphia equipped two expeditions which were commanded by United States Navy officers. Although De Haven and Kane did not find Franklin, their discoveries first aroused that American interest in Ellesmere Island and northern Greenland that led to later expeditions in search of the pole. All these efforts, inspired by noble motives, were happily marked by an absence of quarrelling and a generous recognition of the achievements of others. As an international, scientific society the Arctic Institute of North America can wish for no better guide to its conduct than these examples of international goodwill a hundred years ago. The small group of men who four years ago formed this private society and maintained control of it until it was established upon a secure foundation, are now anxious to see a larger number of those interested in the North American Arctic take an active part in the Institute's affairs. As a means of bringing this about they invite all persons interested to join the Institute; they have limited the number of times any Governor may be re-elected and they now launch this journal as a means of communicating information about the Arctic and the activities of the Institute to all its members and to the wider public that may be interested in the ends of the earth.
. This chapter begins in 1945 when the Institute's first full-time Executive Director, A. Lincoln Washburn, climbed the stairs to the first quarters in a couple of rooms in the administration wing of McGill University's Arts Building in Montreal. Washburn, as mentioned in Parkin's chapter, was largely responsible for the new organization becoming well-oriented on a course of broad and imaginative service to the cause of northern research in both the natural and the social sciences. It was found difficult to replace him when he resigned in 1950 and the post of Executive Director was left vacant until 1952 when R. C. Wallace, who had recently retired as Principal of Queen's University, became the Executive Director and served until his untimely death in 1954. Wallace was followed by T. H. Manning, who occupied the position until the end of 1955, after which the post was left unfilled until April 1957 when A. T. Belcher, formerly of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, assumed the office. Belcher directed the Institute until the spring of 1960 when the author of this article became the Executive Director. After running quickly over the first few years, this chapter will deal mainly with what the Institute is doing in the environment in which it now finds itself at the dawn of the space age, when research appreciation is blossoming and the scientist is a man of stature. In 1945, the first year of actual operation, the Institute carried on its business on an income of about $10,000. By 1950 the level of activity had risen to approximately $156,000 and, in the next five years, to around $400,000 a year. Since 1958 the yearly revenues have fluctuated between about $1,000,000 and $1,500,000; the total revenue for 1965 was $1,167,000. This gives a fair idea of the level of activity through the years. Most of the funding of the Arctic Institute has been, and continues to be, from government sources through a variety of grants and contracts, mostly for specified purposes. Nevertheless continuing and significant support has come from other sources, including some foundations, industry, and private individuals. In respect to the non-governmental category, the Institute owes a great deal indeed to Walter A. Wood, a Governor of the Institute through many of its twenty years and currently the President of the American Geographical Society. Since the late 1940's Dr. Wood has given generously of his time, his thought, and his substance to the Institute, especially in the New York area, in assisting the organization to develop and improve its public image among foundations, industry, and individuals, and in enlisting financial support from those sources. For years he sparked the efforts of a formally designated committee in New York. The Montreal Office and headquarters of the Institute which was first in the McGill Arts Building was next housed in the University's Ethnological Museum in the Medical Building. Subsequently the Office occupied the Bishop Mountain House on University Street where it remained until, in December 1961, it moved into its present quarters, also a McGill University Building. The Office has been headed by a Director since 1948, except for a period between 1957 and 1960. The sequence of Office Directors has been P. D. Baird, Svenn Orvig, George Watson, M. Marsden, K. de la Barre (Acting) and, since February 1965, H. W. Love. The New York Office pf the Institute has been headed by Walter A. Wood continuously since its establishment in 1948. It was first in the building of the American Geographical Society, then at the New York Academy of Sciences, and is now in the recently acquired building of the Explorers Club. In 1949 and 1950 the Institute maintained an office in The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore through the courtesy of the University. It was headed by M. C. Shelesnyak, formerly of the U.S. Office of Naval Research. Subsequently, at the generous invitation of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, an office was opened in its building in Washington where it remained for twelve years until, in 1963, it moved into the present building purchased by the Institute. Successive Office Directors have been A. L. Washburn; L. O. Colbert, formerly Director of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey; and, since 1959, Robert C. Faylor. A small office headed by J. Cantley was occupied in Ottawa in 1956 and 1957, and other project offices have been maintained from time to time. . Of all the organizations that have markedly influenced the Arctic Institute perhaps four should be singled out for special brief mention because of their effect on the Arctic Institute of North America during the period covered by this article. These are: the Office of Naval Research of the United States Department of the Navy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the National Research Council of Canada, and McGill University. Many others could and should be mentioned and would be if space permitted. .
The articles include: 1) information on the hydrographic work carried out by the Cancolim expedition in the Canadian Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf; 2) an account of the first Greenland Provincial Council election by N.O. Christensen and Trevor Lloyd, reprinted from Arctic Circular, v. 4, 1951, p. 83-85; 3) T.P. Bank's description of the last four years of anthropological and botanical expeditions from the University of Michigan to the Aleutian Islands; 4) a list of the 18 projects studied in 1951 from the Arctic Research Laboratory, Point Barrow; 5) the founding of the Stefansson Library at Dartmouth College, New Hampshire; 5) the potential use of lichen woodlands in Labrador for domestic reindeer grazing by A.E. Porsild; 6) the announcement of an essay competition run by the quarterly scientific review Endeavour; and 7) a notice that a complete set of Meddelelser om Grønland is for sale by an Arctic Institute Associate.
"News From High Latitudes" includes brief reports or correspondence on a number of expeditions or scientific research efforts in both the Arctic and the Antarctic. Many of the news items relate to transportation and communication issues and include such topics as shipping at Churchill; reforms in Greenland; H.B.C. trading transport in Arctic Canada; Norwegian polar activities; news items from beyond the North Pole; roster of Arctic specialists; free ride to Arctic port; Aklavik on the air; Canadian need for qualified scientists and administrators in the North; explorers in Carnegie Hall, New York; new land in Foxe Basin; French expedition to Greenland; French Antarctic expedition; university seminar in North American Arctic; Antarctic whaling; Alaska railroad being modernized; trichinosis from polar bear meat; new Arctic fishing bank; and short-wave to Antarctica.
Anna Magnella Thomas, wife of Rear Admiral Charles W. Thomas, USCG (Ret.), a Fellow of the Arctic Institute of North America, died at Tripler Army Hospital, Honolulu, Hawaii, 20 October 1966. Mrs. Thomas was born in Denmark in 1903 and in 1930 became a registered nurse. She served in the Danish Military Nursing Corps until 1938 when she was appointed to the Crown Colony hospital at Ivigtut, Greenland. In addition to Ivigtut patients she also gratuitously attended Greenlanders from the village of Arsuk and U.S. Coast Guard and Naval personnel at the Naval Operating Facility at Grondal. During her eight years in Greenland she became proficient in the Greenlandic language. In 1946 she married Captain Charles W. Thomas, then Commander Greenland Patrol, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. She was commended by the U.S. Navy for services to U.S. Naval and Coast Guard personnel during World War II. In addition to her husband, she is survived by a daughter, Trina Anne (14) and a sister, Mrs. J. M. Leroy, wife of Commander Leroy, U.S.N. and three sisters and a brother in Denmark.
The news items include: 1) a summary of round table conference concerning Eskimo affairs that was held in Ottawa on May 19-20, 1952 (reprinted from Arctic Circular, v. 5, no. 4, 1952, p. 41-43); 2) information on the Canadian ice distribution survey by J. Keith Fraser (reprinted from Arctic Circular, v. 5, no. 5, 1952, p. 56); 3) a summary of two articles written by Provst Aage Bugge (an obituary of Provst C.W. Schultz-Lorentzen and a book review of a novel, "Kateketen Johannes", by Karl Heilmann) that were published in pamphlet no. 79 of Meddelelser om Den grønlandske Kirkesag; and 4) a notice that the Shorey Book Store of Seattle has issued a catalogue of their books on Alaska and the Arctic.
The news items include: 1) a new twin-screw icebreaker that will be built for the Canadian Dept. of Transport for supplying northern stations; 2) the launching of the C.D. Howe, a new Canadian Eastern Arctic Patrol ship; 3) the laying of the keel of the new Royal Canadian Navy icebreaker which is under construction; 4) archaeological work on Cornwallis Island near Resolute Bay; 5) the trial of two young Netsilik Eskimo men on charges of assisting the suicide of a woman, who was the mother of one of the men, with tuberculosis; 6) the announcement by the U.S. Transportation Corps that they are sending modified half-track vehicles north to test their usefulness; 7) various articles about Greenland affairs including the creation of funds for increased cultural relations between Greenland and Denmark, population statistics of Greenland, the establishment of air transportation between Greenland and Denmark, the construction of vacation homes for convalescing Greenlandic children, and the free distribution of fresh vegetables - a gift from Danish market gardeners.
