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This paper aims to examine Flavio Querenghi's political philosophy, underlined in his major work, entitled Discorsi morali politici et naturali (1644). Starting from a critique of the Aristotelian idea of man as "zoon politikon", the author states that the solitary life is more perfect than the political life, that is a consequence of Adam's sin and the usurpation of the people's natural rights by first rulers; but, despite its unnatural, vicious and sinful origin, the political power is necessary in order to ensure the security and safety of the subjects. For this reason, Querenghi gives some precepts of statecraft, in particular concerning political prudence and education, rereading the previous contributions on this topic and looking at some existing forms of governments. ; In questo articolo si vuole esaminare la filosofia politica di Flavio Querenghi, delineata nella sua opera maggiore, intitolata Discorsi morali politici et naturali (1644). Partendo da una critica dell'idea aristotelica dell'uomo come "zoon politikon", l'autore scrive che la vita solitaria è migliore di quella politica, che è una conseguenza del peccato di Adamo e dell'usurpazione dei diritti naturali dei popoli ad opera dei primi governanti; ma, nonostante la sua origine innaturale, viziosa e peccaminosa, il potere politico risulta necessario per assicurare la sicurezza e la protezione dei sudditi. Per questa ragione, Querenghi offre alcuni consigli sull'arte del governare, in particolar modo sulla prudenza politica e sull'educazione, rileggendo i contributi precedenti sull'argomento e guardando ad alcune forme di governo esistenti.

In this article the writer investigates the relations between perceptions of the East and the West in nineteenth century Greece, their connection to national identity, to the language question and to political tendencies. The composer Manoles Kalomoires was influenced by a group of progressive intellectuals striving to liberate Greek literature and language from its dependence on Ancient Greek legacy, a dependence motivated by Western idealists (who saw in the Greek Revolution of 1821 a renaissance of Ancient Greece). Most were educated in the West, but promoted an oriental image of Greeks. Kalomoires' musical expression of this image was inspired by Rimsky-Korsakov's Sheherazade and the Golden Cockerel. In 1909-910 he wrote an unfinished opera, Mavrianos and the King, on the model of the Golden Cockerel. He later used this music in his best known opera, The Mother's Ring (1917). In the present article the similarities in the three works are for the first time shown. An essential influence from Rimsky-Korsakov's work is the contrast between the world of freedom, nature and fantasy and that of oppression. ; Kulturna dihotomija koja je postojala u 19. veku u Grčkoj bila je izrazito ispoljena u nacionalnoj samosvesti i percepciji Istoka i Zapada. Istok je u narodnoj kulturi bio povezan sa padom Carigrada kao ponižavajućim događajem što je odredilo njen karakter. Tužbalice, trpljenje i vera - to su istaknute karakteristike Romeja, t.j. Grka koji za razliku od Helena nisu osećali unutrašnje veze sa Zapadom, niti su se uklapali u zapadnjačke vizije Grčke. Zapadnjaci su shvatali grčku Revoluciju kao ponovno rađanje Helena. Za njih su savremeni helenski borci za slobodu bili pravi naslednici antičkih Grka. Te dve percepcije Grka podsticale su mnoge konflikte unutar Grčke, a najtrajniji među njima je bio konflikt oko pitanja jezika. Takozvani "katarevusa" bio je jezik koji je usvojio leksiku i gramatička pravila grčkog jezika kojim se više nije govorilo (iz vremena od antičke Grčke do Vizantije). To je bio zvanični državni jezik koji se učio na svim nivoima obrazovanja, jezik štampe i literature do 1880-ih godina. Narod je govorio lokalnim narečjima koja su se međusobno dosta razlikovala. Osamdesetih godina 19. veka izgrađen je ujedinjujući narodni jezik, nazvan "demotike" podržan od Grka obrazovanih zapadnjački, koji nisu prihvatali teški teret helenske tradicije u modernoj grčkoj književnosti i reagovali su na socijalnu diskriminaciju do koje je došlo zbog nemogućnosti ljudi iz naroda da razumeju zvanični jezik. Tako je dobro informisana generacija prepoznala karakter Romeja kod modernih Grka, projektujući ga kao bazu za nacionalni identitet. Vodeća ličnost ovog pokreta bio je pesnik Kostas Palamas (1859-1943). Kompozitor Manolis Kalomiris (Smirna, 1883 - Atina, 1962) pojavio se kao muzičar kome je bilo namenjeno da u grčkoj muzici igra ulogu ekvivalentnu Palamasovoj u grčkoj poeziji. Dok je studirao u Beču i radio u Harkovu, bio je odlučan da jednog dana postane "pevač svoje rase, da stvori sopstveni muzički jezik [.] crpeći inspiraciju [.] iz sopstvene duše i svoje sopstvene rase." Na njegovu ideologiju je veoma uticao Palamas, a na njegov muzički jezik Rimski-Korsakov, čija su dela, posebno Šeherezada i Zlatni petlić, ostavila snažan utisak na njega. Jedan neobjavljen fragment iz Kalomirisovih memoara (pronađen 2003) ukazuje na činjenicu da je koristio ovo poslednje delo kao model za svoju nezavršenu operu Maerijanos i Kralj (1909-1910), čiji je libreto bio zasnovan na jednoj grčkoj narodnoj baladi. Ovaj podatak je važan zato što je veći deo muzike napisane za Maerijanosa i Kralja iskorišćen u Majčinom prstenu (1917). Zaista, kako je pokazano u članku, postoje znatne sličnosti između dela Rimskog-Korsakova i Kalomirisove najpopularnije muzičke drame.

Esenlik Bildirisi İsmet Özel'in 1973 yılında kaleme aldığı bir şiirdir. Özel, bu şiirinde özlemini duyduğu toplumsal yaşamın izini sürer. Kendi bakış açısından toplumda 'olması gerekenler'i, şiir formunda bir bildiri ile okura aktarmaya çalışır. Şiirde Modern toplumun yapaylığını eleştirirken, şartlı cümlelerle de toplumda olması gereken asli değerleri ortaya koymaya çalışır. Modern toplumun mekânı olan şehir kimliğinden yola çıkan Özel, insanı, özünden uzaklaştıran aldatıcı değerlere karşı mücadeleye çağırır. Çalışmaya söz konusu olan Esenlik Bildirisi şiirinin çözümlenmesinde İsmet Özel'in poetik ve politik görüşleri de dikkate alındı. Kendi hayatının farklı zamanlarında, çeşitli dünya görüşleri arasında keskin geçişler yapan İsmet Özel, hayatının her devresinde dıştan dayatılan yoz kapitalist değerlere, konformizme, karşı çıktığı görülür. Özel'in Marksist dünya görüşüne bağlı iken kaleme aldığı bu şiirinde de kapitalist dünya görüşünün insanlara dayattığı tek tipçi hayat anlayışı, yapaylık ve konformizmi açıkça eleştiri malzemesi haline getirmiştir. Modern kapitalist sistemin argümanları, çeşitli maskelerle insanlar arasında kendi varlığını sürdürür. Bunun bilincinde olan şair, insanların da bu bilince erişmesi hususunda çaba sarf eder. Esenlik Bildirisi is a poem written by İsmet Özel in 1973. Özel, in this poem, traces the social life he longs for. From his point of view, he tries to pass to the readers what should be in society in a poetry form with a declaration. While criticizing the artificiality of Modern society in poetry, it tries to reveal the basic values that must be in society with conditional sentences. Starting out from the identity of the city, which is the place of modern society, Özel calls on people to fight against the deceptive values that take them away from their essence. The poetic and political views of İsmet Özel were also taken into consideration in the analysis of the poetry of the Esenlik Bildirisi. İsmet Özel, who makes sharp transitions between the various worldviews at ...

The theme of revision of the Constitution is a central point in the analysis of the constitutional text and its relationship with the State and popular sovereignty. On one hand, it is linked to a question of legitimacy and effectiveness of the regulations, given that it represents the process of written rules; on the other hand, it is also linked to the recognition of the authority of "pouvoir constituant" on which the whole legitimacy of the Constitution is based. But in the global scenario, characterized by an indefinite multiplication of sovereignties, where the law is fragmented into the "law of peculiarity", the law of global market exchanges produces not only anti‑states but also undemocratic effects.

There are obviously several ways to explore the issue of Islamic radicalism in Southeast Asia. Instead of focusing on explicit violence such as those carried out by jihadi groups or those associated with them, this research article chooses to examine three empirical cases of Muslims' expression of "restrictive Islam" that have taken place in the public sphere in both majority and minority Muslim contexts of Southeast Asia. They are: Muslims' calling for the removal of an elected Chinese Christian governor of Jakarta on account of blasphemy in Indonesia; Muslims' cow head protest to intimidate Hindus in Malaysia; and some Muslims' thrashing of pillows at a hospital for COVID-19 patients as an expression of vehement faith-based refusal and protest in Buddhist Thailand against health protocols issued by Thai officials in the current fight against the pandemic in Southern Thailand. This article argues that the "restrictive" lives that some Muslims lead in Southeast Asia today have to assume a negotiated form that is a mixture of "high artificiality", recently adopted from a version of purist Islam they claim to be authentic, and the "pure normality" resulting from a combination of political reality informed by existing forms of governance in these countries and the legacy of how historical Islam arrived in this land. The result is that the "restrictive Islam" espoused by many Southeast Asian Muslims could not be overly "extreme" or "radical" but tends to appear in a somewhat "negotiated" form.

This paper presents an analysis of Aristotle's political proposals, in order to determine the place of otherness in his thought. ; El artículo presenta un análisis de las propuestas aristotélicas en el ámbito político, con el fin de determinar el lugar de la otredad en el planteamiento de Aristóteles.

Fruitful action means one concentrated on a useful task, performed in a quiet atmosphere, free from noise and artificiality ... People absorbed in work, intent on thoroughness and creativity, find no time to ruminate on hatred and to contrive intrigues ... '"

Nationalism in Africa is often dismissed as artificial-not reflecting 'real' nations, or, more cynically, organized by political elites solely to achieve and maintain power. Because of this presumed artificiality of national ties, at independence new states were seen as unlikely to survive, and cases of state collapse have been interpreted as proof that cynicism was merited. Yet nationalism continues to be politically important in Africa, perhaps more than ever. It reverberates through elections, civil wars, and interstate wars, as well as literature, music, and theater. Although linked in complex ways to state forms, it is also contested. And it is in this contestation and reframing of national identity that we see nationalism's significance. The resilience of nationalism in Africa has gone hand in hand with the resilience of states. Despite their artificiality, Africa's borders have proved remarkably durable since decolonization-there have been few border changes and even fewer conflicts over borders. Adapted from the source document.

I had the chance to meet a few of them at a conference organized by IWSAW. Highly educated women who have assimilated the best of Western culture. They spoke and wrote in flawless French. Their dress, conversations and manners revealed a modern life, good taste, free of ostentation and artificiality.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es, en primer término, mostrar el uso político y subversivo el tema de la artificialidad femenina en Monsieur Vénus, de Rachilde y Dulce Dueño, de Emilia Pardo Bazán. Si bien sus protagonistas se han juzgado como mujeres fatales, mi propuesta es que ambas son personajes que utilizan los discursos sobre la artificialidad para explorar las posibilidades y los límites de la creación de una identidad femenina propia. En segundo término, quisiera poner esa lectura al servicio de una reflexión sobre la pervivencia y naturalización de ciertos modelos interpretativos, en este caso -la mujer fatal- cuya aplicación como cliché no sólo empobrece la interpretación de determinados textos sino que oculta la fisura que esos textos plantean respecto a ese modelo.Palabras clave: Identidad femenina, artificialidad, femme fatale, Rachilde, Emilia Pardo Bazán.ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is, in firts term, to show the political and subversive use of the topic of female artificiality in Rachilde's Monsieur Vénus, Rachilde and Emilia Pardo Bazán's Dulce sueño. Although the protagonists of the novels have been considered as femme fatales, I propose that they are characters who use the discourses about artificiality to explore the possibilities and limits of the creation of their own feminine identity. In second term, I would like to reflect on the permanence and naturalization of certain models of interpretation -in this case, the femme fatale- whose application as a cliché not only impoverishes the reading of these novels but hides the split that those texts raise with respect to that model.Key words: Female identity, artificiality, femme fatale, Rachilde, Emilia Pardo Bazán.

The structure of this study of inter-church relationships abounds with artificialities. First, there is the artificiality of its geographical setting. It is confined to the Cape Colony Which, although permissible during the years when no other conventionally recognized political entity - at least, to Western eyes - existed in South Africa, and justifiable in terms of the jurisdiction of the N.G.K. Cape synod, becomes sheer artificiality so far as the Anglican Church is concerned. For the Church of the Province of South Africa never saw itself as limited by the frontiers of the Cape Colony. One of its earliest dioceses was that of Natal, and by 1910 it was at work throughout southern Africa south of the Zambezi. Despite its diocesan organization, the C.P.S.A. and its members were very aware of the total scope of Anglicanism at the bottom end of the African continent, and would have regarded a study confined to the Cape Colony as not truly representative of Anglican realities. Secondly, there is the artificiality of the chronological periods into which I have divided the study. I have, in fact, used an Anglican yardstick: the episcopate of Robert Gray, and have divided the study into a pre-Gray (1806-1848), a Gray (1848-1872) and a post-Gray (1872-1910) period. This hardly fits the course of events in the N.G.K., for the coming and going of Gray disturbed the sequence of that body's life hardly at all. And yet, perhaps, the division has something to be said for it, for it was pre-episcopal Anglicanism that had to relate to the N.G.K. in its pre-Church Ordinance (1843) days; both laboured and toiled over much the same ground in the 60's; both were caught up in the quickening antagonisms of the latter years of the century. Thirdly, there is the artificiality inherent in describing the inter-relationship of two church bodies as manifested in a purely local setting. Clearly, in dealing with cultural and theological factors, mention will have to be made of the cultural and theological roots of the two denominations, but these will tend to be mere back-ground to their outworking in the Cape scene. It will have to be constantly borne in mind that Anglicans saw themselves within the total context of a Church that was spreading from native England to every continent, spreading as the Empire did, while the N.G.K., conversely, moved away from its traditional moorings in the Netherlands, while strongly maintaining the Reformation principles of its European origins.

La arquitectura de la vivienda bioclimática hace referencia a la relación que tiene el clima con la vida humana, a su vez el humano con la vivienda, lo anterior se tiene como pilar fundamental de la explicación del título de la investigación. De igual forma se tiene como pauta principal el clima en función del bienestar del habitar del ser humano como tal dentro de la vivienda y a su vez como el clima juega un rol fundamental dentro de la misma generando así el bienestar de la vivienda como pauta de percepción y como producto generar calidad de vida dentro de la misma, lo anterior visto desde una perspectiva distinta a la función, materialización tradicional o convencional, calidad material entre otros aspectos. Por lo tanto se puede decir que la arquitectura de la vivienda bioclimática en cierta medida funciona como una alternativa de composición arquitectónica en Colombia ya que el usuario busca una temperatura de ideal, cómoda o de bienestar que en muchos casos resulta artificial y producto de la "mecanización del clima" lo cual no traduce a mejorar su calidad de vida sino en satisfacer una necesidad que en la mayoría de los casos debería ser tenida en cuenta desde la composición arquitectónica de la vivienda. El clima y su relación directa con la percepción del mismo dentro del habitar de la vivienda diseñada tradicionalmente obedece a una tendencia funcionalista, política y económica, se han perdido valores cualitativos en función del sentir la vivienda y permanecer en ella como un elemento generador de calidad de vida. El mensaje que se quiere transmitir con el título es en cierta medida una forma de desvirtuar la utilización de arquitectura bioclimática como un concepto complejo o utópico, ajeno como solución alternativa relacionada con el tema de la composición y diseño arquitectónico de vivienda y la utilización del clima dentro de este proceso al que los usuarios que no están muy enterados del tema o no pueden acceder, a su vez fomentar la formulación de valores de juicio no solo para el usuario sino también para aquel que todavía tenga ese sentimiento de preocupación por el desarrollo climático y el bienestar tanto de los usuarios de vivienda como del planeta que en cierta medida quieran concientizarse y preocuparse sobre el tema el cual se convierte en una cuestión a la que en muchos casos se debe recurrir a un tercero para consultar sobre el tema por lo que en muchos casos el usuario se niega a la obtención de nuevo conocimiento y recurre a los sistemas tradicionales para climatizar de manera adecuada mas no ideal y correcta en su vivienda. Por ultimo vale la pena decir que objetivo del enunciado planteado en el titulo no es informar conocimiento para expertos en el tema ni mucho menos desvalorar el conocimiento de los mismos sino que el usuario conozca en cierta medida que existen distintas alternativas espaciales y técnicas que le permitan tener un criterio frente a la utilización del clima dentro de la vivienda mejor estructurado y fundamental partiendo de los recursos climáticos o particularidades del lugar donde se encuentra su vivienda. Este trabajo está enmarcado en la línea teórico práctica de la arquitectura bioclimática; se parte de la selección de los factores climáticos que permitan al ser humano vivir con calidad dentro de su hábitat – vivienda y a la misma arquitectura bioclimática tener contar con una malla que contiene pautas que permitan analizar la interacción de los factores climáticos en el diseño de las viviendas. Por lo anterior, el problema radica en la selección de factores básicos para el diseño bioclimático, el conocimiento a profundidad de sobre las características de la arquitectura bioclimática y las pautas para llegar a esta. El lector encontrará de acuerdo con lo anterior un documento que como primera medida analiza y refiere el planteamiento del problema, su definición, una pregunta de investigación; los objetivos de la investigación; su justificación y relevancia social junto con la implicación práctica, delimitación y limitaciones de la investigación. Luego en el Marco teórico, se plantean diversas teorías que llevan al conocimiento de la arquitectura bioclimática, sus características y antecedentes; se cierra con una línea del tiempo que se utiliza como marco conceptual y ha sido elaborada por el autor como referente histórico conceptual y visual de los cambios arquitectónicos y climáticos que se han dado a lo largo del tiempo en la vivienda humana. En el marco metodológico se describe el tipo de investigación cuyo enfoque es cualitativo e interpretativo; se pretendió definir los parámetros climáticos básicos, llegar al planteamiento de una propuesta de malla que facilitará el análisis de los proyectos presentados (taller de composición 1 parque tercer milenio en Bogotá, taller de composición 2 Camellón del comercio en Girardot y taller de composición 3 La Merced en Bogotá) así como ser la base para el análisis de proyectos construidos o por construir. La información analizada y los instrumento generados se obtuvieron en el transcurso de la Maestría en Arquitectura y Vivienda. Se continua con la presentación el procedimiento que se utilizó para realizar la recolección de información, se muestran los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de los tres proyectos se realiza una análisis de contraste y una matriz desde el análisis de información obtenida, luego se realiza una triangulación de resultados; y se procede a definir las conclusiones del trabajo . "Todo esfuerzo por entender y utilizar las variables, reglas, parámetros o como quisieran llamarlo de aquel juego magnifico y genial llamado arquitectura, todo esfuerzo traduce felicidad" H.G.R 2016 ; Abstract. The bioclimatic housing architecture refers to the relationship between climate and human life. And the human being with housing. This is a fundamental pillar of the explanation of the title of the research. Likewise, the main pattern is the climate in terms of the well-being of the human being. Not only as their habitat, but as such within the dwelling. Also how climate plays a fundamental role within it. In this way it generates well-being of the dwelling as a pattern of perception and as a product to generate quality of life within it. The previous seen from a different perspective to the function, traditional or conventional materialization, and material quality among other aspects. It can be said that the architecture of bioclimatic housing to some extent functions as an alternative architectural composition in Colombia. This is because the user is looking for an ideal, comfortable or well-being temperature that in many cases is artificial and a product of the mechanization of the climate. But this does not translate to improving their quality of life, but in satisfying a need. This in most cases should be taken into account from the architectural composition of the house. The climate and its direct relation with the perception of the same inside the habit of the traditionally designed dwelling obeys a functionalist, political and economic tendency. That is why we can say that qualitative values have been lost depending on the feeling of housing. And therefore remain in it as an element that generates quality of life. The message to be transmitted is to a certain extent a way of distorting the use of bioclimatic architecture as a complex or utopian concept. This is oblivious as an alternative solution related to the theme of architectural composition and design of housing. And in turn to the use of the climate within this process to which users who are not very aware of the issue or cannot access. This at the same time promotes the formulation of judgment values for the user. And also for those who still have that feeling of concern for climate development. Without forgetting the well-being of both the home users and the planet who, to a certain extent, want to become aware and worry about it. This becomes a matter to which in many cases a third should be consulted on the subject. That is why in many cases the user refuses to obtain new knowledge and resorts to traditional systems. All this to adequately climatize more not ideal and properly in your home. Finally it is worth saying that the purpose of the statement in the title is not to inform knowledge for experts in the subject. Neither devalue the knowledge of them. On the contrary, the user knows to some extent that there are different spatial and technical alternatives. Everything to allow you to have a criterion against the use of the climate inside the house. All this is more structured and fundamental based on the climatic resources or particularities of the place where your home is located. This work is framed in the practical theoretical line of bioclimatic architecture. It is part of the selection of climatic factors that allow the human being to live with quality within their habitat or their dwelling. And therefore the same bioclimatic architecture must have a mesh that contains several guidelines. This allows to analyze the interaction of the climatic factors in the design of the houses. Therefore, the problem lies in the selection of basic factors for bioclimatic design. Also in the in-depth knowledge of the characteristics of bioclimatic architecture. And of course the guidelines to reach this. The reader will find in agreement with the above a document that as first measure analyzes and refers the approach of the problem and its definition. At the same time as a research question. Also the objectives of the research. Its justification and social relevance along with the practical implication, delimitation and limitations of the investigation. Then in the theoretical framework, several theories are presented that lead to the knowledge of bioclimatic architecture. Its characteristics and background are established. In the end it closes with a timeline that is used as a conceptual framework. Everything has been elaborated by the author as conceptual reference conceptual-visual. All related to the architectural and climatic changes that have occurred over time in human housing. The methodological framework describes the type of research. Whose approach is qualitative and interpretive? It was intended to define the basic climatic parameters. Also arrive at the proposal of a mesh. With which to facilitate the analysis of the projects presented (composition workshop 1 parque tercer milenio in Bogotá, composition workshop 2 Camellón del comercio in Girardot and composition workshop 3 La Merced in Bogotá). This is to be the basis for the analysis of projects built or to be built. The information analyzed and the instruments generated were obtained during the course of the Master's Degree in Architecture and Housing. The procedure that was used to perform the information collection is then followed by the presentation. Then the results obtained in the analysis of the three projects are shown. A contrast analysis and a matrix are performed from the analysis of the obtained information. The next step is to triangulate results. And as a final point we proceed to define the conclusions of this document. ; Maestría