Suchergebnisse

Abstract: This contribution focuses on issues of Private International Law, more specifically with international mandatory law and rules of conduct. International mandatory law is a tool of states to widen the geographical field of application and to limit party autonomy. This may lead to a clash of power between the states and the EU. The paper deals with the way how international mandatory law is conceived by the Austrian legislator and the courts. The notion of rules of conduct is blurred. Such rules can contribute to the ascertainment of the applicable law respective of the principles that will govern the case. Their application in national and cross-border cases lacks consistency. This is demonstrated throughout Private International Law cases. Résumé: La présente contribution traite de questions de droit international privé, plus spécialement de droit international impératif et des règles de conduite. Le droit international impératif est un outil pour les états permettant d'élargir le champ géographique d'application et de limiter l'autonomie des parties. Ceci peut conduire à un conflit de pouvoir entre les états et l' UE. Le présent article traite de la manière don't le droit international impératif est conçu par le législateur autrichien et les tribunaux. La notion de règles de conduite est floue. De telles règles peuvent contribuer à la détermination du droit applicable et aux principes auxquels l'affaire sera soumise. Leur application dans les affaires nationales et transnationales manque de consistence. Ceci est démontré au travers d'affaires de droit international privé. Zusammenfassung: Der vorliegende Beitrag konzentriert sich auf problematische Aspekte des internationalen Privatrechts, speziell im Bereich der international zwingenden Rechtsvorschriften und Verhaltensnormen. Für Staaten stellt dieses zwingende Recht ein Mittel dar, mit dem der geografische Anwendungsbereich von Normen ausgeweitet und die Vertragsfreiheit begrenzt wird. Dies könnte jedoch zu einem Machtkonflikt zwischen einzelnen Staaten und der EU führen. Der Beitrag behandelt die Art und Weise, wie international zwingendes Recht durch den österreichischen Gesetzgeber und österreichische Gerichte aufgefasst wird. Die genaue Bedeutung von Verhaltensnormen ist unklar. Solche Normen können zur Feststellung des anzuwendenden Rechts bzw. der Rechtsgrundsätze, die für den jeweiligen Fall bestimmend sind, beitragen. Ihrer Anwendung in nationalen und grenzüberschreitenden Fällen mangelt es jedoch an Einheitlichkeit. Dies zeigt sich durchweg in der Untersuchung internationaler Privatrechtsfälle.

This essay assesses the role of regionalism in interwar Austrian painting with a focus on the Tyrolean painter and architect Alfons Walde (1891–1958). At a time when painting was seen to be in crisis, eclipsed by the deaths of prominent Viennese artists such as Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele, regionalism offered an alternative engagement with modern art. As the representative of a wider regionalist movement, Walde paved the way for a clearly identifiable image of rural Austria without foregoing the modernization process that took place in the Alps at the time. Filtering essential elements of local culture and synthesizing them with both a modern formal language and "modern" topics, most significantly ski tourism, he created a regionalism that reverberated beyond the narrow confines of his home province and caught particular momentum during the rise of the Austrian Ständestaat in the 1930s. Moving in between regional and national significance, Walde's work underlines the essential position of the region in Austria after 1918 and conveys that an engaged regionalism that responded to the rapid cultural and political changes taking place became a significant aspect of interwar Austrian painting.

"This volume celebrates the study of Austria in the twentieth century by historians, political scientists and social scientists produced in the previous twenty-four volumes of Contemporary Austrian Studies. One contributor from each of the previous volumes has been asked to update the state of scholarship in the field addressed in the respective
volume. The title "Austrian Studies Today," then, attempts to reflect the state of the art of historical and social science related studies of Austria over the past century, without claiming to be comprehensive. The volume thus covers many important themes of Austrian contemporary history and politics since the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy in
1918—from World War I and its legacies, to the rise of authoritarian regimes in the 1930s and 1940s, to the reconstruction of republican Austria after World War II, the years of Grand Coalition governments and the Kreisky era, all the way to Austria joining the European Union in 1995 and its impact on Austria's international status and domestic
politics." - "Dieser Band ist den Österreichstudien im 20. Jahrhundert gewidmet, und zwar den von Historikern, Politik- und Sozialwissenschaftlern in den vorhergehenden 24 Bänden von "Contemporary Austrian Studies" gelieferten Forschungsergebnissen. Jeweils ein/e AutorIn der bislang produzierten CAS-Bände wurde gebeten die Forschung zum jeweiligen Thema auf den neuesten Stand zu bringen. Der Titel des Bandes "Austrian Studies Today/Österreichstudien Heute" stellt also einen Versuch dar, den Stand der historischen und sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung zu Österreich im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert in den Griff zu bekommen, ohne den Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit zu erheben. Der Band versucht möglichst viele wichtige Themen zur österreichischen Zeitgeschichte und Gegenwartspolitik seit dem Zerfall der Habsburger Monarchie 1918 abzudecken – der Erste Weltkrieg und sein Vermächtnis, der Aufstieg der autoritären Regime in den 1930er und 1940er Jahren, der Wiederaufbau eines demokratischen Österreich nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, die Jahre der Großen Koalition und die Kreisky- sowie die Vrantizky-Ära, Österreichs Beitritt zur Europäischen Union 1995 und die Folgen auf Österreichs Innen- und Außenpolitik, bis hin zur Ära Schüssel.

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Abstract: The article investigates how national artistic ideologies of German-ness and Austrian-ness were incorporated in Hollywood film music of the 1930s and 1940s and in the general discourse in the American press. It argues that these stereotypes were indeed important in Hollywood's marketing strategies toward the middlebrow, which emerged as a wealthy branch in America's society at the time. Among these strategies was the promotion of film music as a 'serious' art form that was historiographically grounded in a 'German' art music tradition, in contrast to 'Austrian' light musical entertainment.

"In 2005, Austria celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of its liberation from the Nazi regime and the fiftieth anniversary of the State Treaty that ended the occupation and returned full sovereignty to the country. This volume of Contemporary Austrian Studies covers foreign policy in the twentieth century. It offers an up-to-date status report of Austria's foreign policy trajectories and diplomatic options. Eva Nowotny, the current Austrian ambassador to the United States, introduces the volume with an analysis of the art and practice of Austrian diplomacy in historical perspective. Ambassador Wolfgang Petritsch analyzes recent Balkans diplomacy as an EU emissary in the Bosnian and Kosovo crises. Historians Gunther Kronenbitter, Alexander Lassner, Gunter Bischof, Joanna Granville, and Martin Kofler provide historical case studies of pre-and post-World War I and World War II Austrian diplomacy, Austria's dealings with the Hungarian crisis of 1956, and its mediation between Kennedy and Khrushchev in the early 1960s. Political scientists Romain Kirt, Stefan Mayer, and Gunther Hauser analyze small states' foreign policymaking in a globalizing world, Austrian federal states' separate regional policy initiatives abroad and Austria's role vis-is current European security initiatives. Michael Gehler periodizes post-World War II Austrian foreign policy regimes and provides a valuable summary of both the available archival and printed diplomatic source collections. A "Historiography Roundtable" is dedicated to the Austrian Occupation decade. Gunter Bischof reports on the state of occupation historiography; Oliver Rathkolb on the historical memory of the occupation; Michael Gehler on the context of the German question; and Wolfgang Mueller and Norman Naimark on Stalin's Cold War and Soviet policies towards Austria during those years. Review essays and book reviews on art theft, anti-Semitism, the Hungarian crisis of 1956, among other topics, complete the volume."--Provided by publisher.

"Well before the far-right resurgence that has most recently transformed European politics, Austria's 1999 parliamentary elections surprised the world with the unexpected success of the Freedom Party of Austria and its charismatic leader, Jörg Haider. The party's perceived xenophobia, isolationism, and unabashed nationalism in turn inspired a massive protest movement that expressed opposition not only through street protests but also in novels, plays, films, and music. Through careful readings of this varied cultural output, The Art of Resistance traces the aesthetic styles and strategies deployed during this time, providing critical context for understanding modern Austrian history as well as the European protest movements of today"--

One of the three main pillars of the Aarhus Convention is access to justice for members of the public. Access to justice can not only be provided for in administrative proceedings but also via criminal proceedings in cases of environmental crime. Members of the public with an interest in environmental protection are especially environmental NGOs. In some European countries NGOs play an active role in criminal proceedings, however in many they are banished to the sidelines. This article describes the implications and requirements of Art. 9 (3) of the Aarhus Convention for access to justice via criminal proceedings, analyzes the existing ways for environmental NGOs to participate in Austrian criminal proceedings and presents ways in which criminal procedure law can be reformed to meet the requirements of the Aarhus Convention. The end goal is to make the prosecution of environmental crime as effective as possible.