Suchergebnisse

Résumé Durant les années quatre-vingt-dix, la Grèce devient la destination privilégiée d'un très grand nombre d'émigrés albanais. Dans la commune agricole de Guerbessi, les Arvanites (Grecs d'ancienne origine albanaise) définissent ces immigrés en tant que culturellement proches d'eux à travers un idiome commun – la langue arvanite – et leur idéologie de gauche. La reconnaissance, par les Arvanites , de cette proximité culturelle, leur donne les moyens de contrôler et de gérer cette émigration, ainsi que les rapports de travail qu'ils entretiennent avec les Albanais. Ce contexte contribue, pour chaque communauté, à redéfinir ses relations avec l'État grec et à développer son identité locale au sein de la modernité.

Prof. Tito Jochalas është një emër i mirënjohur në studimet albanologjike. Ka kryer studimet e larta filologjike në Universitetin e Athinës (1965). Punoi në fillim si lektor i gjuhës greke në Universitetin e Palermos, ku u njoh me mjedisin arbëresh. Më 1970 kreu studimet në fushën e albanologjisë pranë prof. M. Camaj për gjuhë shqipe dhe prof. G. Stadtmüller për histori ballkanike në Universitetin e Mynihut. Më 1971 filloi punën në Akademinë e Shkencave në Athinës, ku për 35 vjet drejtoi punën për neologjizmat dhe terminologjinë e gjuhës greke. Krahas kësaj ishte edhe drejtor i Institutit të Studimeve të Europës Juglindore në Athinë. Në fushën e albanologjisë T. Jochalas ka botuar një varg librash dhe dhjetëra artikuj. Ai është një filolog i rysur në fushën e studimeve për Arvanitët dhe për ligjërimet e tyre.

Previous studies have reported that state mental hospital deinstitutional‐ization has resulted in the criminalization of the mentally ill. Utilizing two samples of defendants found incompetent to stand trial (IST) pre‐ and post‐deinstitutionalization, selected from three states, this study examines the correlation between the rate of deinstitutionalization and increases in the frequency of incompetency commitments, as well as changes in the characteristics of incompetent defendants. These data suggest that increases in IST commitments and the mental health histories of the post‐deinstitutional cohort are positively related to deinstitutionalization. Contrary to the criminalization hypothesis, there is no evidence that incompetent defendants are now being arrested for less serious offenses.

This study examines the influence of business cycle fluctuations on street crime in the conceptual framework of Cantor and Land's(1985) seminal work distinguishing between opportunity and motivation effects. The analysis contributes to the literature three ways. First, we use cross‐section/time series data, which has several important advantages over simple time‐series or cross‐section data of previous studies. Second, it introduces a new and broader measure of business cycle conditions, one that more faithfully captures the logic of Cantor and Land's framework than previous measures do. Third, it focuses on the large decline in street crime of the 1990s, a central issue facing criminologists. Statistical models indicate that the strong economy of the 1990s reduced all four index property crimes and robbery by reducing criminal motivation. Business cycle growth produced no significant opportunity effect for any of the crimes studied.

This quantitative study of international terrorism 1980-1987 reveals that state involvement is complex. As either a source or target country, involvement can take the form of ideological source, facilitating source, immediate target, or ultimate target; however, very few countries fall consistently into one of these categories. Structural factors (level of relative deprivation among population, nature of political system, nature of existing coercive control mechanisms, location in world communication network, & level of racial/ethnic diversity among population) are thought to be crucial in explaining specific type of state involvement in international terrorism. 3 Tables, 21 References. Adapted from the source document.

The research field of this paper is the wedding dance event of "K'na", as this takes place by the Arvanites of Greek Thrace, an ethnic group moved to the area from Turkish Thrace in 1923. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the three components of dance, music and song of Greek traditional dance, as these reflected in the "K'na" dance event amongst the Arvanites ethnic group of Neo Cheimonio (Evros), are related to issues of ethno-cultural identity under the lens of socio-cybernetics. Data was gathered through ethnographic method as this is applied to the study of dance, while its interpretation was based on socio-cybernetics according to Burke's identity control theory. From the data analysis, it is showed that through the "K'na" dance event the Thracian Arvanites of Neo Cheimonio shape and reshape their ethno-cultural identity as a reaction to the input they receive from their environment. Therefore, the "construction" of their identity, as a constant process of self-regulation and internal control, is subjected to the conditions of a cybernetic process.

ABSTRACT This study examines the direct and indirect effects of race and income inequality on imprisonment rates across states. The analysis is designed to: 1) investigate whether race and income inequality are significantly related to imprisonment when controlling for crime, 2) assess the relative magnitudes of the direct and indirect effects; and 3) assess the relative magnitudes of race and income inequality. Crime is found to be the strongest predictor of incarceration rates in five of the six equations estimated. Income inequality is significantly related to incarceration rates in two of the six equations. There was no clear evidence of a direct race effect. The indirect effect of race was greater than the direct effect in four of the six equations.

Objective. This article studies the impact of increasing incarceration rates on crime rates. First we seek to replicate the findings of previous studies utilizing the pooled, fixed–effects models (which are based on the assumption that the effect of imprisonment does not vary across states). Next we test the validity of this assumption. Finally, we present a new methodology to examine the imprisonment–crime relationship. Methods. Annual state–level data from 1971–1998 are used to estimate 51 state–specific regression models in which crime rates for seven major categories are functions of incarceration rates and a wide array of socioeconomic and dummy control variables. Results. Our findings are consistent with prior studies. More important, the assumptions upon which the fixed–effect models are based were found to be statistically invalid. The results of our new methodology reveal that imprisonment rates are not significantly related to crime in the majority of states for any of the seven crimes studied. Conclusions. Because the state–level lagged imprisonment coefficients varied from significant negative effects to significant positive effects (depending on the state and type of crime), we argue that it is inappropriate to speak about "the" effect of imprisonment on any particular crime or at the national level.

This article studies the impact of increasing incarceration rates on crime rates. First we seek to replicate the findings of previous studies utilizing the pooled, fixed-effects models (which are based on the assumption that the effect of imprisonment does not vary across states). Next we test the validity of this assumption. Finally, we present a new methodology to examine the imprisonment-crime relationship. Annual state-level data from 1971-1998 are used to estimate 51 state-specific regression models in which crime rates for seven major categories are functions of incarceration rates & a wide array of socioeconomic & dummy control variables. Our findings are consistent with prior studies. More important, the assumptions upon which the fixed-effect models are based were found to be statistically invalid. The results of our new methodology reveal that imprisonment rates are not significantly related to crime in the majority of states for any of the seven crimes studied. Because the state-level lagged imprisonment coefficients varied from significant negative effects to significant positive effects (depending on the state & type of crime), we argue that it is inappropriate to speak about "the" effect of imprisonment on any particular crime or at the national level. 2 Tables, 6 Figures, 24 References. Adapted from the source document.

ABSTRACT* * *This study examines the detention patterns of the insanity defendant who is successful with the plea and hospitalized, or unsuccessful and incarcerated. Further comparisons are made with felony defendants who never entered a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI). From existing data it is unclear to what extent detention may vary if the plea is successful as compared to if it is not successful. Of all defendants who entered a plea of NGRI in Erie County, New York (Buffalo) between 1970 and 1980, 128 were institutionalized as a result of their disposition. Sociodemographic, institutionalization histories, arrest, and disposition information were collected and analyzed for all 128 individuals. The research evaluates differences in the likelihood and length of either institutionalization or incarceration and in the rates of release between successful NGRI defendants, those who entered the plea unsuccessfully, and those who did not plead NGRI. From the findings reported here the authors conclude that pleading NGRI in Eric County may not be quite as advantageous for a defendant as commonly is believed.

Since the nineteenth century, Greece and Albania have been separate countries, but for about twenty-two centuries they belonged to the same state in its various forms. The ancient Greeks and Illyrians were Indo-European tribes who intermarried with pre-Hellenic populations after arriving in the Balkans about four thousand years ago. Multiple migration events occurred to and from one another's lands; in ancient years Greek cities like Corinth established colonies on the Illyrian coast, while in the Middle Ages Albanian speakers (known as Arvanites) migrated across Greece. Hundreds of years later, another five hundred thousand Albanian speakers had immigrated to Greece after 1985. The data show that Greeks and Albanians have a long-term kinship, but this is obscured by linguistic and religious differences. Understanding this common past may strengthen contemporary political relationships.