Suchergebnisse

The cooperation among Northern European and the three Baltic states has been an object of considerable attention in the Baltic region. Diplomatic relations between the states in the region were established as early as 1990. Real progress can be traced in the long dialogue among the Baltic and the Nordic countries that took over a decade. Worth of notice is also the fact that, with the help of the Nordic states, have we reached the EU threshold, as well as acquired a strong backup in the formation of common policy goals. The Baltic Assembly (BA) and the Nordic Council (NC), serving as the centre of current analysis, can be regarded as comparable interparliamentary institutions. Such conclusion is drawn regarding that the BA was actually created after the model of NC was proposed by the Nordic states. In pursuit of explanation for the inconsistencies fraud in cooperation between the BA and the NC during a set period of time, it has been divided into two parts: a) The NC assistance in founding and early functioning of the BA from 1990 to 1995 the period of limited relationships embodied in the bilateral cooperation treaty, without any collective decision-making. The BA was established in 1991 and owed its financial and political support to NC. At that time its functions were limited, as it had little experience and with the help the NC was to become a legitimate partner.

The cooperation among Northern European and the three Baltic states has been an object of considerable attention in the Baltic region. Diplomatic relations between the states in the region were established as early as 1990. Real progress can be traced in the long dialogue among the Baltic and the Nordic countries that took over a decade. Worth of notice is also the fact that, with the help of the Nordic states, have we reached the EU threshold, as well as acquired a strong backup in the formation of common policy goals. The Baltic Assembly (BA) and the Nordic Council (NC), serving as the centre of current analysis, can be regarded as comparable interparliamentary institutions. Such conclusion is drawn regarding that the BA was actually created after the model of NC was proposed by the Nordic states. In pursuit of explanation for the inconsistencies fraud in cooperation between the BA and the NC during a set period of time, it has been divided into two parts: a) The NC assistance in founding and early functioning of the BA from 1990 to 1995 the period of limited relationships embodied in the bilateral cooperation treaty, without any collective decision-making. The BA was established in 1991 and owed its financial and political support to NC. At that time its functions were limited, as it had little experience and with the help the NC was to become a legitimate partner.

The cooperation among Northern European and the three Baltic states has been an object of considerable attention in the Baltic region. Diplomatic relations between the states in the region were established as early as 1990. Real progress can be traced in the long dialogue among the Baltic and the Nordic countries that took over a decade. Worth of notice is also the fact that, with the help of the Nordic states, have we reached the EU threshold, as well as acquired a strong backup in the formation of common policy goals. The Baltic Assembly (BA) and the Nordic Council (NC), serving as the centre of current analysis, can be regarded as comparable interparliamentary institutions. Such conclusion is drawn regarding that the BA was actually created after the model of NC was proposed by the Nordic states. In pursuit of explanation for the inconsistencies fraud in cooperation between the BA and the NC during a set period of time, it has been divided into two parts: a) The NC assistance in founding and early functioning of the BA from 1990 to 1995 the period of limited relationships embodied in the bilateral cooperation treaty, without any collective decision-making. The BA was established in 1991 and owed its financial and political support to NC. At that time its functions were limited, as it had little experience and with the help the NC was to become a legitimate partner.

The data show that the intensity of emotional destructiveness has an impact on other differences among murders, especially the motivational factors for murderers to commit the crime and how these murders were committed. Offenders with a high level of emotional destructiveness tended to commit murders because of "an explosion" of their destructive emotions. The data show that clear differences among murderers possessing high or low emotional destructiveness can already be observed in their childhood and adolescence years. The data also show essential differences among murderers in their personality traits and attitude towards life. A possible use of the results of this study to improve criminal legislation and crime prevention are discussed in the article. The article shows that data provide new prospects in making criminal legislation and crime prevention more individualistic.

The data show that the intensity of emotional destructiveness has an impact on other differences among murders, especially the motivational factors for murderers to commit the crime and how these murders were committed. Offenders with a high level of emotional destructiveness tended to commit murders because of "an explosion" of their destructive emotions. The data show that clear differences among murderers possessing high or low emotional destructiveness can already be observed in their childhood and adolescence years. The data also show essential differences among murderers in their personality traits and attitude towards life. A possible use of the results of this study to improve criminal legislation and crime prevention are discussed in the article. The article shows that data provide new prospects in making criminal legislation and crime prevention more individualistic.

The article gives an overview of the basic concepts of Game Theory, such as zero sum game and non-zero sum game for two players, von Neumann's mini-max theorem, Pareto optimum, simple and iterated Prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary stable strategy. Game Theory is understood as an analytical tool dealing with situations of conflict and co-operation. One of the main ideas of the theory is that by reducing and simplifying complicated phenomena of our everyday world we can often find a simple game situation with a single or more solutions. The theory helps to search for solutions by constructing ideal types of situations that contain principal elements of rational choice. There is no claim that Game Theory is something completed and not problematic itself and yet it provides elegant logical tools for analysis of social, political and philosophical life.

The article gives an overview of the basic concepts of Game Theory, such as zero sum game and non-zero sum game for two players, von Neumann's mini-max theorem, Pareto optimum, simple and iterated Prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary stable strategy. Game Theory is understood as an analytical tool dealing with situations of conflict and co-operation. One of the main ideas of the theory is that by reducing and simplifying complicated phenomena of our everyday world we can often find a simple game situation with a single or more solutions. The theory helps to search for solutions by constructing ideal types of situations that contain principal elements of rational choice. There is no claim that Game Theory is something completed and not problematic itself and yet it provides elegant logical tools for analysis of social, political and philosophical life.

The article gives an overview of the basic concepts of Game Theory, such as zero sum game and non-zero sum game for two players, von Neumann's mini-max theorem, Pareto optimum, simple and iterated Prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary stable strategy. Game Theory is understood as an analytical tool dealing with situations of conflict and co-operation. One of the main ideas of the theory is that by reducing and simplifying complicated phenomena of our everyday world we can often find a simple game situation with a single or more solutions. The theory helps to search for solutions by constructing ideal types of situations that contain principal elements of rational choice. There is no claim that Game Theory is something completed and not problematic itself and yet it provides elegant logical tools for analysis of social, political and philosophical life.

The article gives an overview of the basic concepts of Game Theory, such as zero sum game and non-zero sum game for two players, von Neumann's mini-max theorem, Pareto optimum, simple and iterated Prisoner's dilemma, Evolutionary stable strategy. Game Theory is understood as an analytical tool dealing with situations of conflict and co-operation. One of the main ideas of the theory is that by reducing and simplifying complicated phenomena of our everyday world we can often find a simple game situation with a single or more solutions. The theory helps to search for solutions by constructing ideal types of situations that contain principal elements of rational choice. There is no claim that Game Theory is something completed and not problematic itself and yet it provides elegant logical tools for analysis of social, political and philosophical life.

Economic structure encompasses the composition of growth determinants of each industry and their aggregation to the growth of the gross value added in the present dissertation. Changes in the composition of determinants impact the growth rate of the individual industries and the total economy. Industrial growth determinants are composed of hours worked and particular labour productivity constituents. The growth determinants of different economies are central to both the research and political agendas. The main object of the present research is the determinants of industrial growth and their impact for economic growth. The main goal of the dissertation is to estimate the composition of industrial growth determinants and evaluate their impact on the growth of the total economy. The dissertation encompasses the following tasks: to research industrial performance and economic growth interrelations; to evaluate critically the methods of labour productivity measurement, to ground the reasons of the new method application and its improvement possibilities; to compose a methodology, in order to estimate industrial growth determinants and labour productivity constituents for the growth of the total economy; to apply the methodology for countries researched; to perform a comparative analysis of Lithuania in the context of more developed countries.

Economic structure encompasses the composition of growth determinants of each industry and their aggregation to the growth of the gross value added in the present dissertation. Changes in the composition of determinants impact the growth rate of the individual industries and the total economy. Industrial growth determinants are composed of hours worked and particular labour productivity constituents. The growth determinants of different economies are central to both the research and political agendas. The main object of the present research is the determinants of industrial growth and their impact for economic growth. The main goal of the dissertation is to estimate the composition of industrial growth determinants and evaluate their impact on the growth of the total economy. The dissertation encompasses the following tasks: to research industrial performance and economic growth interrelations; to evaluate critically the methods of labour productivity measurement, to ground the reasons of the new method application and its improvement possibilities; to compose a methodology, in order to estimate industrial growth determinants and labour productivity constituents for the growth of the total economy; to apply the methodology for countries researched; to perform a comparative analysis of Lithuania in the context of more developed countries.

The Thesis explores the motives and conditions under which the US, China, and Russia are likely to cooperate on arms control in cyberspace in order to improve both their national and international security. It is stated that hostile states will be in favor of negotiating a limitation of cyber capabilities to reduce escalation and avoid the damage caused by a potential conflict. The analysis is based on defensive realism theory, which explains the conditions leading to "negative cooperation" among potential adversaries. Three variables are identified which help to analyze the potential of cooperation in cyberspace: a) motives; b) the distinction between defensive and offensive cyber capabilities; c) information. The research shows that the risk of a cyberspace conflict escalating between the US, China and Russia encouraged them to seek cooperation. However, only few cooperation precedents could be described as successful. The same principles and conditions are valid for both cyber and military disarmament regimes. Two types of conditions necessary for effective cyber disarmament are identified. The first refers to external conditions such as the increased confrontation, the use of offensive cyber capabilities and applying of exhaustion strategy. The second refers to internal condition – this is a lack of trust between states which deepens the security dilemma in cyberspace. While evaluating the potential of cyber disarmament regime, worth mentioning that conditions which lead to "negative cooperation" create the ground for the disarmament regime in cyberspace.

The Thesis explores the motives and conditions under which the US, China, and Russia are likely to cooperate on arms control in cyberspace in order to improve both their national and international security. It is stated that hostile states will be in favor of negotiating a limitation of cyber capabilities to reduce escalation and avoid the damage caused by a potential conflict. The analysis is based on defensive realism theory, which explains the conditions leading to "negative cooperation" among potential adversaries. Three variables are identified which help to analyze the potential of cooperation in cyberspace: a) motives; b) the distinction between defensive and offensive cyber capabilities; c) information. The research shows that the risk of a cyberspace conflict escalating between the US, China and Russia encouraged them to seek cooperation. However, only few cooperation precedents could be described as successful. The same principles and conditions are valid for both cyber and military disarmament regimes. Two types of conditions necessary for effective cyber disarmament are identified. The first refers to external conditions such as the increased confrontation, the use of offensive cyber capabilities and applying of exhaustion strategy. The second refers to internal condition – this is a lack of trust between states which deepens the security dilemma in cyberspace. While evaluating the potential of cyber disarmament regime, worth mentioning that conditions which lead to "negative cooperation" create the ground for the disarmament regime in cyberspace.

The Thesis explores the motives and conditions under which the US, China, and Russia are likely to cooperate on arms control in cyberspace in order to improve both their national and international security. It is stated that hostile states will be in favor of negotiating a limitation of cyber capabilities to reduce escalation and avoid the damage caused by a potential conflict. The analysis is based on defensive realism theory, which explains the conditions leading to "negative cooperation" among potential adversaries. Three variables are identified which help to analyze the potential of cooperation in cyberspace: a) motives; b) the distinction between defensive and offensive cyber capabilities; c) information. The research shows that the risk of a cyberspace conflict escalating between the US, China and Russia encouraged them to seek cooperation. However, only few cooperation precedents could be described as successful. The same principles and conditions are valid for both cyber and military disarmament regimes. Two types of conditions necessary for effective cyber disarmament are identified. The first refers to external conditions such as the increased confrontation, the use of offensive cyber capabilities and applying of exhaustion strategy. The second refers to internal condition – this is a lack of trust between states which deepens the security dilemma in cyberspace. While evaluating the potential of cyber disarmament regime, worth mentioning that conditions which lead to "negative cooperation" create the ground for the disarmament regime in cyberspace.