The article reveals the relevance of studying information security, as well as examines external and internal threats to ensuring it. The difficulties that occur in this case are analyzed. A positive model of the development of society is associated with this type of security, so it is no coincidence that the most important task is to create a fullfledged theory of information security. Without this, it is impossible to speak about the effective elimination of a number of negative consequences of the process of society informatization. In this context, an extremely important task is to ensure the protection of children from information psychological and destructive threats, including overcoming the Internet and other types of information dependence. Information security theory is an integral part of social security psychology. For its complete design, there is still a lot to be done both in theoretical and applied terms. First of all, the creation of a national information platform is meant. Currently, there is an urgent need to develop competence in the field of information security not only among professionals, but also among various groups of the population.
Research Objectives. In many instances mass communication, specifically social advertising, plays a significant role in the formation of public opinion. Therefore, it is almost impossible to overstate the importance of mass media laws and regulations. In Ukraine, the Law on Advertising was reviewed and revised multiple times since it was first adopted as a part of the Constitution of Ukraine in 1996. This article is a snapshot of some key government laws and policies about advertising in Ukraine that were implemented until 2010. Definition. By the Law of Ukraine, advertisement is an information about a person or goods, disseminated in any form and by any means and is aimed at the development and maintenance of advertising consumers' awareness and their interest related to such a person or goods [1]. Social advertising should be clearly separated from other information regardless of a form or means of its dissemination so that it could be identified as advertising. Concluding Remarks. The author of the research Oleksandr Iarmolenko suggests that in order to make social advertising more appealing to public in Ukraine, first it needs to gain the status of public policy. Furthermore, it s marketing should never be oriented to promote sales or influence political debate. Last, social advertising should not reveal its sponsors or founders; neither it should contain their trademark, brand or logo.Next Steps. The researcher argues, that social advertising should always bring about positive behavior change without being a negativity or depression trigger. It needs to be interesting, creative, understandable and motivating. The part of the Law on Advertising concerning social advertising needs to be amplified so it better regulates relations in this area thus stimulating its development
Introduction. Today the problem of migrants from Luhansk, Donezk and Crimea is sharp. It requires urgent decision because these people are left unprotected and need assistance. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the regulation as to the protection and assistance to internally displaced persons in Ukraine and analysis of socio and legal framework of IDP protection.Results. The basis of sources are regulations, including the Law of Ukraine «On the rights and freedom of citizens and legal regime in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine», the Law of Ukraine «On protection of rights and freedom of internally displaced persons». Research of practical aspects of migration policy is reflected in the works of home scientists. Central to the process of ensuring the rights of any category of persons is to define the legal status of this category. The legal status of a person – Is the human condition in the legal reality that reflects its (human) actual state of relations with society and the state. This set of subjective rights, legal obligations and legitimate interests of law. Over the years of internally displaced persons' existing on the territory of Ukraine, there is certainly a positive trend in ensuring their rights. In particular, there appeared appropriate legal regulation, work of state agencies and local governments in this area were organized, database appeared state funds for support to internally displaced persons.Originality. The article suggests some ways to improve the situation of internally displaced persons. The main are: when building a system of IDPs assistance, one should consider and study the experience of foreign countries; to harmonize the regulatory framework and agree the provisions of the Law "On the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons" with the standards of the Cabinet of Ukraine; adopt appropriate laws and regulations that will implement the rights of internally displaced persons, particularly in housing; creation of a separate Ministry or department coordination, which would have guardians, protect the rights and freedoms of citizens who remained in temporarily occupied and annexed territory.Conclusions. Over the years of internally displaced persons' existing on the territory of Ukraine, there is certainly a positive trend in ensuring their rights. In particular, there appeared appropriate legal regulation, work of state agencies and local governments in this area were organized, database appeared state funds for support to internally displaced persons. At the same time, a number of issues remain unsolved, regulations are imperfect, and have contradictions and gaps. Overcoming the negative effects of positive potential and the realization of forced internal migration requires concentration of national resources and international donor assistance. ; Introduction. Today the problem of migrants from Luhansk, Donezk and Crimea is sharp. It requires urgent decision because these people are left unprotected and need assistance. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the regulation as to the protection and assistance to internally displaced persons in Ukraine and analysis of socio and legal framework of IDP protection.Results. The basis of sources are regulations, including the Law of Ukraine «On the rights and freedom of citizens and legal regime in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine», the Law of Ukraine «On protection of rights and freedom of internally displaced persons». Research of practical aspects of migration policy is reflected in the works of home scientists. Central to the process of ensuring the rights of any category of persons is to define the legal status of this category. The legal status of a person – Is the human condition in the legal reality that reflects its (human) actual state of relations with society and the state. This set of subjective rights, legal obligations and legitimate interests of law. Over the years of internally displaced persons' existing on the territory of Ukraine, there is certainly a positive trend in ensuring their rights. In particular, there appeared appropriate legal regulation, work of state agencies and local governments in this area were organized, database appeared state funds for support to internally displaced persons.Originality. The article suggests some ways to improve the situation of internally displaced persons. The main are: when building a system of IDPs assistance, one should consider and study the experience of foreign countries; to harmonize the regulatory framework and agree the provisions of the Law "On the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons" with the standards of the Cabinet of Ukraine; adopt appropriate laws and regulations that will implement the rights of internally displaced persons, particularly in housing; creation of a separate Ministry or department coordination, which would have guardians, protect the rights and freedoms of citizens who remained in temporarily occupied and annexed territory.Conclusions. Over the years of internally displaced persons' existing on the territory of Ukraine, there is certainly a positive trend in ensuring their rights. In particular, there appeared appropriate legal regulation, work of state agencies and local governments in this area were organized, database appeared state funds for support to internally displaced persons. At the same time, a number of issues remain unsolved, regulations are imperfect, and have contradictions and gaps. Overcoming the negative effects of positive potential and the realization of forced internal migration requires concentration of national resources and international donor assistance.
The study of populism is actualized by the presence of a social order from interested political actors who use populism to implement their programs and in the struggle for power, focusing on the possibilities of change and reform. The relevance of the study is obvious given the lack of comprehensive study of populism in Ukraine, proper political evaluation of previous studies, rethinking some theses of individual researchers, and especially in connection with its actualization as one of the popular principles in action, behavior in modern political practice and our state. Today in Ukraine, the intensification and emergence of new manifestations of populism have become a sign of a general long-term failure on the path of technological modernization, in efforts to achieve rapid economic growth and in the fight against corruption. The tendency to the increasingly negative attitude of many citizens to complex and compromise procedures of democratic institutions, the desire for quick and simple solutions, intolerance of different views contain a double threat - to roll into anarchy or establish an authoritarian regime. In Ukrainian literature interest in populism appeared in the late 1990s. The initial study was the basis of his reception of analytical findings Western scholars. Today domestic historiography populism presented a number of papers in the form of articles. Amid the general characteristics of the phenomenon of populism, based primarily on the legacy of Western political scientists, highlights particular issues such as manifestations of populism in the Ukrainian national movement, modern Ukrainian politics populist methods of political struggle, philosophical discourse of the concept. Thus, populism can be considered an inevitable companion of political freedom and democracy. In some places, it is a force that promotes political participation and reform in the interests of many low-status social groups. By inclining to oppose the rights of the majority to the interests and rights of certain minorities, populism can be a threat to the rule of law and basic political and civil liberties. Wherever populist leaders gained power, it became authoritarian, accompanied by abuses and oppression (but not destruction) of the opposition. ; У статті акцентовано увагу на популізмі як наявність соціального замовлення зацікавлених політичних акторів, які використовують популізм для реалізації своїх програм та у боротьбі за владу, зосереджуючись на можливостях змін та реформ. Актуальність дослідження очевидна з огляду на відсутність всебічного вивчення популізму в Україні, належної політичної оцінки попередніх досліджень, переосмислення деяких тез окремих дослідників, і особливо у зв'язку з його актуалізацією як одного з популярних принципів дії, поведінки в сучасна політична практика та наша держава. Сьогодні в Україні активізація та поява нових проявів популізму стали ознакою загального довгострокового провалу на шляху технологічної модернізації, в зусиллях для швидкого економічного зростання та в боротьбі з корупцією. Тенденція до дедалі негативнішого ставлення багатьох громадян до складних і компромісних процедур демократичних інституцій, прагнення до швидких і простих рішень, нетерпимість до різних поглядів містять подвійну загрозу - впасти в анархію або встановити авторитарний режим. В українській літературі інтерес до популізму з'явився наприкінці 90-х. Сьогодні вітчизняний історіографічний популізм представив низку статей у формі статей. Серед загальних характеристик явища популізму, що базується насамперед на спадщині західних політологів, висвітлюються такі проблеми, як прояви популізму в українському національному русі, сучасна українська політика, популістські методи політичної боротьби, філософський дискурс концепції. Таким чином популізм можна вважати неминучим супутником політичної свободи та демократії. Подекуди це сила, яка сприяє політичній участі та реформам в інтересах багатьох соціальних груп із низьким статусом. Схиляючись протистояти правам більшості інтересам та правам певних меншин, популізм може становити загрозу верховенству права та основним політичним та громадянським свободам. Скрізь, де популістські лідери здобували владу, вона ставала авторитарною, що супроводжувалось зловживаннями та утиском (але не знищенням) опозиції.
The problem of the social foundations of democracy in the context of globalization on the methodology of Aristotle: in the unity of its quantitative and qualitative measurements is studied. The author argues the lack of understanding of democracy primarily in the quantitative characteristics of the majority – minority. Democracy, which based on the majority of the poor, does not give them freedom. Demagogues turn people into a crowd. The state with the majority of the middle class - people whose wealth is based on the "average property, but adequate" is more perfect than such a democracy. In the competition between capitalism and socialism in the XX century, the doctrine of the middle class as a social support of democracy was proclaimed and implemented in the developed countries of the West. Based on Y. Dellinger's researches (2013) and the report of the ILO about wages in the countries of the world in 2014–2015 the authors analyze the tendency of the quantitative reduction of the middle class. As a result, the authors formulate social criteria of evaluation of democracy: the proportion of the middle class as a part of the people and the extent of its relative prosperity. They suggest the themes for further research: the socialization of ownership, in particular TNC to reduce inequality of the average class with the rich; people's defense mechanisms from the concentration of wealth and power in alliance of the oligarchy with the state bureaucracy, in particular, the revolutionary tradition in the system of law sources.Key words: democracy, qualitative and quantitative measurement of democracy, the middle class, absenteeism. ; Досліджується проблема соціальної основи демократії за методологією Арістотеля: в єдності кількісного (більшість – меншість) і якісного (свобода, заможність, освіченість, благородство) її вимірів. Обґрунтовуються соціальні критерії оцінки стану соціальної основи демократії: питома вага середнього класу в складі народу та достатній відносно класу багатих рівень його життя. Аналізуються загрози середньому класу і демократії, викликані тенденціями росту відносної соціальної нерівності та скорочення робочих місць середнього класу на ринку праці внаслідок глобалізації економіки. Ключові слова: демократія, кількісний і якісний виміри демократії, середній клас, абсентеїзм. Исследуется проблема социальной основы демократии по методологии Аристотеля: в единстве количественного (большинство – меньшинство) и качественного (свобода, достаток, образованность, благородство) ее измерений. Аргументируются социальные критерии оценки социальной основы демократии: удельный вес среднего класса в составе народа и достаточный относительно класса богатых уровень его жизни. Анализируются угрозы среднему классу и демократии, вызванные тенденциями роста относительного социального неравенства и сокращения рабочих мест среднего класса на рынке труда вследствие глобализации экономики. Ключевые слова: демократия, количественное и качественное измерения демократии, средний класс, абсентеизм. The problem of the social foundations of democracy in the context of globalization on the methodology of Aristotle: in the unity of its quantitative and qualitative measurements is studied. The author argues the lack of understanding of democracy primarily in the quantitative characteristics of the majority – minority. Democracy, which based on the majority of the poor, does not give them freedom. Demagogues turn people into a crowd. The state with the majority of the middle class - people whose wealth is based on the "average property, but adequate" is more perfect than such a democracy. In the competition between capitalism and socialism in the XX century, the doctrine of the middle class as a social support of democracy was proclaimed and implemented in the developed countries of the West. Based on Y. Dellinger's researches (2013) and the report of the ILO about wages in the countries of the world in 2014–2015 the authors analyze the tendency of the quantitative reduction of the middle class. As a result, the authors formulate social criteria of evaluation of democracy: the proportion of the middle class as a part of the people and the extent of its relative prosperity. They suggest the themes for further research: the socialization of ownership, in particular TNC to reduce inequality of the average class with the rich; people's defense mechanisms from the concentration of wealth and power in alliance of the oligarchy with the state bureaucracy, in particular, the revolutionary tradition in the system of law sources. Key words: democracy, qualitative and quantitative measurement of democracy, the middle class, absenteeism.
У статті розглянуто соціальне забезпечення крізь призму міжнародного права. Розкрито сутність соціального забезпечення, закріплення права на соціальне забезпечення та міжнародних стандартів соціального забезпечення в документах Організації Об'єднаних Націй (у Загальній декларації прав людини 1948 року, Міжнародному пакті про економічні, соціальні та культурні права 1966 року), Міжнародної організації праці (Конвенція про мінімальні норми соціального забезпечення 1952 року, Конвенція про основні цілі та норми соціальної політики 1962 року, Рекомендацію №202 щодо мінімальних рівнів соціального захисту), Європейського Союзу (Хартія Співтовариства про основні соціальні права працівників 1989 року), Ради Європи (Європейська соціальна хартія, Європейський кодекс соціального забезпечення 1964 року). Метою даної статті є дослідження міжнародно-правового регулювання соціального забезпечення, міжнародного співробітництва у цій сфері, а також взаємозв'язку соціального забезпечення та економічного розвитку. Досліджено взаємозв'язок функціонування ефективних систем соціального забезпечення із досягненням Цілей сталого розвитку ООН до 2030 року, які прийшли на заміну Цілям розвитку тисячоліття, які були визначені на період 2000-2015 рр. Розкрито основні ідеї Рекомендації №202 МОП щодо мінімальних рівнів соціального захисту полягають у наступному. Для набуття членства в Європейському Союзі Україна має відповідати всім критеріям членства, у тому числі й у соціальній сфері. Розглянуто мету та діяльність Міжнародної асоціації соціального забезпечення (ISSA) – організацією у сфері соціального забезпечення, яка була заснована в 1927 році під егідою Міжнародної організації праці, і сьогодні налічує понад 320 установ-членів з більш ніж 160 країн. Розкрито тезу про те, що система соціального забезпечення є національною і розробляється з урахуванням національного контексту, водночас її базові аспекти мають відповідати міжнародним стандартам соціального забезпечення, які гарантують кожній людині право на гідне життя у випадку настання соціальних випадків (ризиків). ; The article considers social security through the prism of international law. The essence of social security, enshrining the right to social security and international social security standards in the documents of the United Nations (the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966), the International Labor Organization Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952, Social Policy (Basic Aims and Standards) Convention, 1962, Recommendation №202 on Minimum Levels of Social Protection), the European Union (Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers 1989), the Council of Europe (European Social Charter, European Social Security Code of 1964). The purpose of this article is to study the international legal regulation of social security, international cooperation in this area, as well as the relationship between social security and economic development. The relationship between the functioning of effective social security systems and the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, which replaced the Millennium Development Goals set for the period 2000-2015, has been studied. The main ideas of ILO Recommendation 2202 on minimum levels of social protection were mentioned. To become a member of the European Union, Ukraine must meet all the criteria for membership, including in the social sphere. The authors studied purpose and activities of the International Social Security Association (ISSA) - an organization in the field of social security, which was founded in 1927 under the auspices of the International Labor Organization, and today has more than 320 member institutions from more than 160 countries. The authors have revealed the thesis that social security system is national and is developed taking into account the national context, while its basic aspects must meet international social security standards, which guarantee everyone the right to a dignified life in case of social events (risks).
Социально-экологические проблемы современности ; Равенство между мужчинами и женщинами в сфере экономики, доступа к образованию, услугам здравоохранения, сфере обеспечения политических прав и свобод является одним из важнейших в мире индикаторов уровня демократизации общества. Содействие гендерному равенству способствует устойчивому развитию экономических и социальных систем. Тем не менее, ни у одной страны мира не получилось добиться полного равноправия между мужчинам и женщинами = Equality between men and women in the field of economy, education, health and politics is the most important indicator of the level of democratization of society. Promotion of gender equality contributes to the sustainable development of economic and social system. But not country in the world, could not achieve this
The article presents features of social formation and development of youth in Ukraine, namely in the context of youth policy. The concepts of «youth policy», «youth, young citizens», «youth social formation», «socialization», «the basic components of the process of youth social formation and development» are defined. The definitions of « youth social formation» and «socialization of personality» are compared.The scientists' works who paid attention to youth policy in general and some aspects of social formation and development of youth are analysed. There are scientists who analysed the problems of modern youth socialization in their works. The article highlights the scientists who study the basic principles, directions and mechanisms of implementation of state youth policy, the evolution of state youth policy and prospects for its further development, organizational and legal mechanisms of implementation of state youth policy in Ukraine at the regional level, features of formation and implementation of state youth policy, etc. The legal principles of youth policy have been characterized and, under the current legislation of Ukraine, the basic conditions for social formation and development of youth in Ukraine have been outlined. The analysed literature identified the components of the process of youth social formation and development in Ukraine. The article identifies the main purpose and objectives of youth policy in Ukraine. The periods in the human life, the main social tasks facing the person and the priority directions of the state policy for the given period are distinguished. The directions of the state policy in the youth social formation and development according to certain periods of life of a young person are made. The main tasks, principles and directions of the state policy of promoting the youth integration into society are outlined. The main directions of state policy in the field of youth social formation and development in Ukraine are outlined. ; У статті представлено особливості соціального становлення та розвитку молоді в Україні, зокрема в контексті молодіжної політики. Визначено поняття «молодіжна політика», «молодь, молоді громадяни», «соціальне становлення молоді», «соціалізація»; розкрито основні складові процесу соціального становлення та розвитку молоді. Здійснено порівняння визначень «соціальне становлення молоді» та «соціалізація особистості».Охарактеризовано правові засади молодіжної політики та основні умови для соціального становлення та розвитку молоді за чинним законодавством в Україні.
The article presents features of social formation and development of youth in Ukraine, namely in the context of youth policy. The concepts of «youth policy», «youth, young citizens», «youth social formation», «socialization», «the basic components of the process of youth social formation and development» are defined. The definitions of « youth social formation» and «socialization of personality» are compared.The scientists' works who paid attention to youth policy in general and some aspects of social formation and development of youth are analysed. There are scientists who analysed the problems of modern youth socialization in their works. The article highlights the scientists who study the basic principles, directions and mechanisms of implementation of state youth policy, the evolution of state youth policy and prospects for its further development, organizational and legal mechanisms of implementation of state youth policy in Ukraine at the regional level, features of formation and implementation of state youth policy, etc. The legal principles of youth policy have been characterized and, under the current legislation of Ukraine, the basic conditions for social formation and development of youth in Ukraine have been outlined. The analysed literature identified the components of the process of youth social formation and development in Ukraine. The article identifies the main purpose and objectives of youth policy in Ukraine. The periods in the human life, the main social tasks facing the person and the priority directions of the state policy for the given period are distinguished. The directions of the state policy in the youth social formation and development according to certain periods of life of a young person are made. The main tasks, principles and directions of the state policy of promoting the youth integration into society are outlined. The main directions of state policy in the field of youth social formation and development in Ukraine are outlined. ; У статті представлено особливості соціального становлення та розвитку молоді в Україні, зокрема в контексті молодіжної політики. Визначено поняття «молодіжна політика», «молодь, молоді громадяни», «соціальне становлення молоді», «соціалізація»; розкрито основні складові процесу соціального становлення та розвитку молоді. Здійснено порівняння визначень «соціальне становлення молоді» та «соціалізація особистості».Охарактеризовано правові засади молодіжної політики та основні умови для соціального становлення та розвитку молоді за чинним законодавством в Україні.
Introduction. In the past few decades there has been a revolution in computing and communications, and all indications are that technological progress and use of information technology will continue at a rapid pace. Informational technologies (IT) affect all of the social processes in the societyboth globally and for each separately taken country and region. Nowadays we are talking about informational society and "global village", in which the main problems and tasks are ways for the acquisition, storage, processing and dissemination of information, and also its accumulation and systematization. Now information is resource and commodity. The result of this is the creation and development not only of new industries, new jobs, new science, but also until recently extinction of traditional occupations and industries classic.Purpose of the article is to describe some issues in the field how the information technologies influence humans, their existence and social processes. What is their role for human development? Is it a new revolution? Theory keeps arguing about heading to "informational" or "network" society, and the effect from global transformations to human civilization. Results. Many people say that technologies have direct influence to the public relations. The newest trends in these systems, their role of the adolescents and how internet changes peoples` mentality has been researched for years. On one side we can see the negative consequence – people think that all the entertainments, access to information and technology improvement could lead to increase crisis in communication. Another negative results of the technology, is the total loss of privacy and private space, as well as the permanent digital connection with the working place. Concerns are each and every aspect of our life will be monitored and recorded from the Government, conglomerates and even – banks. Conclusions. As it became clear, decade after decade the technology and technological innovations are becoming more and more popular among researchers. It can be summarized that there are two main opinions, on the completely opposite ends – first one is the positive – the technology brings joy and happiness, and the other one – the negative – that technology will destroy the mankind. They are dozens of researches, thoughts, developments and expectations. We are aware of the interest of the impact of technology upon life. Researching the influential mechanism and impact of new technology upon society, culture and values, became invariable part of scientific knowledge. As an addition of the above, it can be summarized that the past time and space oriented limits today are being overcome. Working with network communication environment is an everyday practice now.
Purpose. The purpose of this article is to analyse changes in the legislation in the field of social insurance during 1991-2021, their causes and consequences, and identify some problems that need to be solved currently. Methods. The methodological basis of the article is the dialectical method of cognition of legal phenomena. The article also implies the usage of historical, comparative, formal-legal methods, methods of rational criticism and forecasting. Results. The article analyses the development of legislation in the field of social insurance (certain aspects of social insurance reform and the development of legislation in terms of determining the length of contribution period and calculating the insurance contribution necessary for obtaining social security of various types) during the years of independence of Ukraine (1991-2021). The prerequisites for legislative changes and consequences are emphasized. The critical assessment of the quality of legislation is also given, taking into account the large number of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on declaring a number of provisions of the legislation to be unconstitutional, which indicates insufficient attention of the legislator to the non-violation of constitutional guarantees of social protection of people. Attention is drawn to innovations in legal regulation caused by the military operations in eastern Ukraine and the respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. This article examines some legislative changes that attracted some significant public interest and concerned a considerable number of people. Conclusions. When declaring provisions unconstitutional, it is not always logical to continue the settlement of legal relations on a disputed issue, which leads to a vacuum in legal regulation. The presence of inconsistencies in regulatory legal acts indicates the need to analyse the current legislation and improve the quality of documents. The issue of crediting the period to the insurance record when the employee, who was called up for service in the armed forces, participated in the ATO in 2014-2016, needs to be resolved, and therefore, it is proposed to amend Articles 11 and 40 of the law of Ukraine "On Mandatory State Pension Insurance" accordingly. Keywords: social insurance, pension reform, contribution period, single social contribution, salary compensation.
Environmental protection is considered an important element in most religions. The article is devoted to the philosophical understanding of the problem of the influence of religion on the environment, human behavior and attitude to nature. Religion has always touched upon the problem of the relationship between man and the world around him. In the existing religious traditions, various ideals of the relationship between man and nature have been formed. As a result, the ideological functions of religion acquire special significance. In our time, religions can be a spiritual source for the development and formation of environmental ethics and natural aesthetics. Religious ethics awakens in people a consciousness that is different from material and technological thinking. Religion helps people understand that their control over the living and inanimate world is unlimited and that cruelty towards nature will turn to them. Religion teaches people that the purpose of life is not to maximize consumption. While technology gives man the physical strength to create or destroy the world, religion teaches virtue. Directly or indirectly, religion can be a powerful source of environmental protection. Therefore, we need to use the power of the influence of religion to protect nature. The nature of the influence of religion on the current state and development of society largely depends on the relationship between people of different faiths. The religious consciousness of people developed in the direction of knowledge of the world and its laws, methods of practical use. Some religious ideologies deify human nature and reflect people's responses to their environment. Religion, as a form of social consciousness, has always, in one way or another, taken care of man's relationship with the natural world, traditionally expressed a certain moral and ethical concern for the environment and determined the moral obligations of man in relation to the environment.
Studying the network of interpersonal and intergroup interactions between individuals / groups of individuals is carried out with the help of mathematical models. This type of study is called cluster-network analysis. In this article, based on years of his own research in this area is represented by adapting the analysis of networking in terms of social philosophy. Inconclusive nature of the relationship stratification in online communities and describes a method of calculation of social capital.
Introduction. Under conditions of total impoverishment of the population, the problem of its social protection is becoming increasingly relevance. Low wages, high utility tariffs, a significant number of beneficiaries, disparities between the minimum and maximum pension are the reasons of social tension in society. An effective system of social protection must ensure a decent standard of living and prevent new social conflicts. The purpose of the article. The purpose of the study is to discuss the theoretical aspects of social protection, the study of the dynamics and interconnection of state social standards in Ukraine and the features of social protection in the Volyn region. In accordance with the set goal, the following research objectives have been identified: to reveal modern problems of social protection in Ukraine; analyze the dynamics of state social standards; to study the features of social protection in the Volyn region. Results. The analysis of the dynamics of state social standards showed their increase in the national currency, but in dollar terms only the minimum wage increased, and the subsistence level decreased, which led to a general trend of decreasing the ratio of the subsistence minimum to the minimum wage. Thus, from 2010 to 2021, the dollar against the hryvnia increased 3.54 times, the subsistence level 2.65 times, and the minimum wage 6.5 times. That is, in dollar terms, there was an increase in the minimum wage from $ 116 in 2010 to $ 212 (+ 83.7%) in 2021 and a decrease in the subsistence level from $ 103 in 2010 to $ 77 (-25.1%) in 2021. This situation is explained by the outstripping growth of the minimum wage compared to the subsistence level, due to the interest of public authorities in increasing revenues from the single social contribution (22% to the wage fund), and unwillingness to increase social costs tied to the subsistence level. It should be noted a significant decline in state social standards in dollar terms in 2015-2016, in particular the minimum wage decreased by 43% and 23% respectively, and the subsistence level decreased by 49% and 25% respectively, due to significant inflationary processes caused by changes in political situation, the annexation of Crimea and the start of hostilities in the east. Conclusions. Social protection of the population is the main function of the state and requires redistribution of income in order to ensure social harmony. The basis for overcoming poverty in the country should be to increase the share of the middle class in society, only this will have a lasting effect and bring the country out of social crisis. The size of state social standards is a matter of concern, as they are currently the lowest in Europe. This causes a significant amount of social benefits, including subsidies, increases social tensions in society and leads to a significant outflow of labor. Changes to the procedure for providing housing subsidies defined by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of 14.04.2021 № 420 significantly limited and complicated the procedure for obtaining it, which led to panic among the population, long queues to local departments of social policy and increased public dissatisfaction with the existing pricing system for housing and communal services. In order to improve the well-being of citizens, it is necessary to: form a strategy to overcome poverty in the country; redirect funds from subsidizing the population to increase the minimum wage; to change the principles of pricing for housing and communal services in the direction of their reduction, through structural changes in the gas and electricity market; review the size and procedure for forming the subsistence level; abolish special pensions, ensuring a gap between the minimum and maximum pensions of no more than five times, replace the system of benefits with targeted payments. ; У статті розглянуто сучасні проблеми соціального захисту в Україні. Проаналізовано динаміку держаних соціальних стандартів за останнє десятиріччя у національній валюті та доларовому еквіваленті. Відмічено наявні тенденції збільшення мінімальної заробітної плати та зменшення прожиткового мінімуму в доларовому еквіваленті. Розраховано динаміку співвідношення прожиткового мінімуму до мінімальної заробітної плати, виявлено її негативну тенденцію та пояснено причини виникнення. Досліджено особливості соціального захисту у Волинській області, розглянуто систему субсидій та пільг на оплату житлово-комунальних послуг, виплату державної соціальної допомоги, санаторно-курортне оздоровлення, пільгове забезпечення тощо. Сформовано пріоритетні напрями реструктуризації системи соціального захисту, з метою покращення її ефективності та адресності.
