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This Article offers a new approach to the protection of associations under the Constitution. Although the modem Supreme Court's doctrine of freedom of association is based on expression, in the early Republic associations were understood not in terms of free speech, but in terms of freedom of assembly and popular sovereignty. On this account, associations are constitutionally significant because they allow for self-government. Popular sovereignty also offers a more useful basis for understanding freedom of association today. This Article therefore provides tools for assessing the proper scope of constitutional protections for associations once they are understood in terms of popular sovereignty, and for evaluating governmental regulations of associational life. This Article shows that associations merit constitutional protection if they directly engage in political activities, or if they equip their members with politically relevant skills. This Article sorts out different kinds of associations and evaluates the proper scope of their associational freedom.With respect to the contentious issue of whether associations should be exempt from antidiscrimination laws, the popular sovereignty approach suggests that only small, member-intensive associations should be free to select their members without governmental interference. While mass-membership organizations like the Boy Scouts or even political parties may merit some constitutional protection, their significance to popular sovereignty does not depend on their exemption from laws prohibiting discrimination.

Over the last two decades, the role and size of the nonprofit sector has increased significantly. Many Queensland nonprofit organisations are incorporated by the Associations Incorporation Act 1981 (Qld). The article suggests both broad policy reforms and specific amendments to the Act for the better facilitation of nonprofit associations. This is timely as the Government Department responsible for their administration is currently reviewing the Act. The article recommends that reform of the Act is necessary to facilitate the appropriate legislative and regulatory environment of such nonprofit associations. These reforms involve the consideration of some broad policy issues as well as specific legislative amendments to improve the regulatory environment for incorporated associations.

Business Interest Associations vary widely in their governability – defined as their ability to unify members' interests and ensure goal compliance. How can these variations be explained? To what extent is associational 'effectiveness' governed by factors in the external environment of an association and of its members, and to what extent can improvement programmes undertaken by associations themselves make a difference? Drawing upon interviews undertaken with 50 EU business associations in the autumn of 1998 and ongoing subsequent member interviews, analysis enables researchers to ascertain the conditions under which associations are likely to be in a position to contribute to the process of European integration. Comprehensive directory research is also used to settle a long-standing dispute about the number of 'Euro groups'.

Volume 18, number 4 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Newsletter was published in April, 1991. Contents include a discussion of small literary presses, description of the Minnesota literature newsletter, and the Minnesota Independent Publishers Association, events calendar, Minnesota Federation of Library Associations (MFLA) conference call for presenters, Minneapolis Public Library employee awards, News & Notes, Academic Librarians' Day registration form, historical highlights from the Centennial committee, library legislative day report, text of a revised public library/school media center relationships policy statement, job listings, People & Places, and new members list.

Volume 19, number 1 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Newsletter was published in January, 1992. Contents include a listing of library education providers in Minnesota, board meeting highlights, minutes of the MLA Annual General Membership Meeting, events calendar, Library Legislative Day registration form, 1992 MLA legislative platform, MLA merchandise order form, continuation of program reports from the Midwest Federation of Library Association Conference, News & Notes, People & Places, new members list, and job listings.

Volume 18, number 6 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Newsletter was published in June, 1991. Contents include a discussion of the future of information literacy, historical highlights from the Centennial Committee, Christopher Columbus quincentenary resources, a report on Minnesota booksellers' group discussion of alternative views of Columbus, text of the Minnesota Legislature's DeCramer bill about public libraries, call for nominees for the MLA Public Relations Award, Midwest Federation of Library Associations conference flyer, MLA Centennial ice cream social flyer, ALA legislative day report, call for nominees for MLA awards, News & Notes, events calendar, MLA 1990 financial report, job listings, People & Places, and new members list.

In the mid seventies there was a spate of legal claims involving unincorporated not-for-profit associations. These claims highlighted the liability exposure of management committee members and prompted a dramatic increase in the number of associations seeking shelter behind the corporate veil. Corporate structure decisions during this period were primarily motivated by the incentive of limited liability. Twenty years later, the not-for-profit sector is subject to new challenges. The Industry Commission Report into Charitable Organisations in Australia heralds an increasing intrusion of legislative responsibilities and reform in the sector. The traditional sources of funds for not-for-profit organisations are about to radically change with the advent of "competitive tendering" for government funding and the declining benevolence of society. The legal scuffle between Australian Rugby Football League Limited (the "ARL") and News Limited has also exposed the vulnerability of not-for-profit groups and the many legal and commercial minefields in structural decision-making. The sector is beginning to respond to these pressures by rationalisation and restructure. Corporate structure decisions are now motivated by the need to promote efficiency and resilience. Survival of the fittest. Restructuring is by no means a task for the faint-hearted. A delicate balance between legality and practicality needs to be maintained. The focus of this paper is on the restructuring choices for not-for-profit organisations and groups in Queensland. It answers "how-to" questions and identifies some important restructuring issues.

Volume 17, number 6 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Newsletter was published in June 1990. This issue focuses on library resource sharing. Content includes MLA board meeting highlights, MLA subunit summaries, legislative news, library news briefs, job postings, a list of new MLA members, and a calendar of events.

Volume 14, number 7 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Newsletter was published September 1987. Contents include meet the candidates for MLA office, local government Pay Equity Act, new technology and academic libraries, ALA annual conference highlights, MLA annual conference notes, Midwest Federation of Library Associations and Minnesota Association for Continuing and Adult Education conferences, miscellaneous news, job announcements, a list of new MLA members, and 1988 MLA Legislative session plans (Note some pages are missing from this issue).

Volume 17, number 5 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Newsletter was published in May 1990. This issue focuses on the impact of the Minnesota Local Government Pay Equity Act on public libraries. Content includes a calendar of events, library news briefs, announcements for upcoming events, MLA subunit summaries, job postings, and a list of new MLA members.

Volume 19, number 4 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Newsletter was published in April, 1992. Contents include an MLA President's article on planning for 1992 and further, 1992 MLA Goals and Objectives, board meeting highlights, 1992 Library Legislative Day report, events calendar, Memorial Roll of Honor-MLA and ALA President Gratia Alta Countryman, News & Notes, Detroit Lakes Junior Friends of the Library program, new members list, and People & Places.

Volume 18, number 3 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Newsletter was published in March, 1991. Contents include a discussion of the 1990 continuing education needs assessment of library personnel in Minnesota report, News & Notes, events calendar, summary of ALA exhibits on technology issues, historical highlights from the Centennial committee, an opinion piece about government censorship regarding the Gulf War, board meeting highlights, job listings, People & Places, and new members list.

Volume 18, number 1 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Newsletter was published in January, 1991. Contents include reports from the 1990 MLA conference, board meeting highlights, federal library legislation update, MLA Centennial events, MLA general membership meeting minutes, library legislative day, 1991 legislative platform, new members, discussion of loaning videos to minors, upcoming events, News & Notes, readers advisory retreat, Statewide Telecommunications Access and Routing System (STARS) update, job listings, and People & Places.

Volume 20, number 2 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Newsletter was published February 1993. Contents include cover article on 1993 MLA legislative platform, Board meeting highlights; MLA calendar of events, MLA 1993 Officers and Chairpersons; Video Selection workshop registration form, miscellaneous news & notes including pubic library statistics state ranking per capita comparing Minnesota to nationally, library related awards, and Minneapolis Public Library's multicultural booklist, upcoming seminars, conferences, and workshops, people & places, and employment opportunities.

Volume 15, number 1 of the Minnesota Library Association (MLA) Newsletter was published January, 1988. Contents include MLA commends United States Congressman James Oberstar, November 1987 MLA Board meeting notes, MLA Subunit updates, tax form racks available, MLA Conference program report, MLA mailbag (letters to the editor), MLA Calendar, 1988 Legislative Platform announced, miscellaneous news, job announcements, and photographs from the Midwest Federation of Library Associations Conference.