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This Article offers a new approach to the protection of associations under the Constitution. Although the modem Supreme Court's doctrine of freedom of association is based on expression, in the early Republic associations were understood not in terms of free speech, but in terms of freedom of assembly and popular sovereignty. On this account, associations are constitutionally significant because they allow for self-government. Popular sovereignty also offers a more useful basis for understanding freedom of association today. This Article therefore provides tools for assessing the proper scope of constitutional protections for associations once they are understood in terms of popular sovereignty, and for evaluating governmental regulations of associational life. This Article shows that associations merit constitutional protection if they directly engage in political activities, or if they equip their members with politically relevant skills. This Article sorts out different kinds of associations and evaluates the proper scope of their associational freedom.With respect to the contentious issue of whether associations should be exempt from antidiscrimination laws, the popular sovereignty approach suggests that only small, member-intensive associations should be free to select their members without governmental interference. While mass-membership organizations like the Boy Scouts or even political parties may merit some constitutional protection, their significance to popular sovereignty does not depend on their exemption from laws prohibiting discrimination.

Broadly speaking, a regional arrangement in the sphere of international politics may be described as an association of states, based upon location in a given geographic area, for the safeguarding or promotion of the participants.

Afreudite : Revista Lusófona de Psicanálise Pura e Aplicada ; A sátira é, neste artigo, a arma utilizada para responder ao relatório do INSERM sobre a eficácia das psicoterapias. A discussão sobre os critérios, os métodos e os objectivos – políticos e éticos – está aberta, tal como a questão sobre os resultados que se esperam das diversas psicoterapias: a cura em si. Assim se abriu também a discussão sobre o "estranho lugar" da psicanálise. ; A lampoon as an answer to the INSERM's estimation concerning the efficiency of psychotherapies. The criterions, the methods and the stakes – political and ethical – of valuation are under debate, as well as the question about the expected results of the psychotherapies: the question of « recovery » itself. At least, the « out-land » place of psychoanalysis is being discussed.

The domestic manifestation of the War on Terror has produced the most difficult and sustained set of controversies regarding the limits on First Amendment protections for political speech and association since the anti-Communist crusades of the Red Scare and McCarthy eras. An examination of the types of domestic terrorism prosecutions that have become common since the September 11 attacks reveals continuing and unresolved conflicts between national security needs and traditional protections for speech and (especially) associational freedoms. Yet the courts have barely begun to acknowledge, much less address, these serious issues. In the Supreme Court's only sustained engagement with these problems, the 2010 decision in Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project, the majority largely avoided the hard questions by simply asserting that 18 U.S.C. § 2339B, the federal statute forbidding the provision of material support to foreign terrorist organizations, does not directly burden either the freedom of speech or freedom of association. Lower courts have performed even more poorly, generally rejecting powerful speech and association claims with bare assertions that "there is no First Amendment right.to support terrorists."This article has taken as its major goal identifying and analyzing the First Amendment issues raised by the domestic War on Terror, focusing especially on the role of freedom of association in this context. Freedom of association has historically been a critical and basic First Amendment right, central to the process of democratic self-governance that the First Amendment protects. The right of association is also deeply implicated in many domestic terrorism prosecutions, since the essence of those prosecutions is an act of association, often combined with speech. Finally, the judiciary's bare assertions that "material support" or financial contributions do not constitute association cannot be sustained given both first principles and well-developed law outside the context of terrorism. In short, in this area the courts have failed in their basic job of honestly engaging with the law.Ultimately, however, I conclude here that there does exist a clear, textually and historically justifiable basis for limiting constitutional protections for terrorist and other violent groups. The principle derives from the textual roots of the freedom of association, which lies in the Assembly Clause of the First Amendment. The Assembly Clause, unlike the Free Speech Clause, explicitly protects only a right "peaceably to assemble," and so excludes violent groups. This simple principle, completely missed by the courts, serves to reconcile most terrorism prosecutions with the First Amendment. It cannot, of course, resolve all issues, especially when a prosecution is based primarily on speech not association, but it does much of the work. There also remain some difficult and complicated issues of definition and implementation, on which I provide some thoughts. But the basic argument advanced here is quite simple: the freedoms of association and assembly protect only peaceable association and assembly; and terrorists are not peaceable.

Jules Winterton (President, International Association of Law Libraries and Associate Director and Librarian, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies) discusses the range of national, regional and international associations, and the scope of their activities and influence. He comments on the improvements in the quality of law libraries achieved through the activities of law library associations and the consequent benefits to the users of law libraries and to the legal system. He briefly surveys the development of law library associations, including recently established associations, and describes the variety of legal status adopted by associations. He discusses the key activities of library associations: networking and the sharing of best practice; the formal expression of agreed standards and competencies; professional development and training; quality assurance and regulatory roles; representation and lobbying to government and international organisations; liaison with other organisations and with the legal profession; research and scholarship. In addition, Jules Winterton discusses the various grants and scholarships offered by law library associations to attend conferences, undertake placements and internships, or research fellowships in law librarianship. He comments on the value of law library associations.

Summary: In the Court of Justice's case law, association agreements have been recognised as forming part of the communitarian legal system since the famous 'Haegeman' judgment in 1974. The new-generation association agreements concluded by the EU with its Eastern neighbour states explicitly offer a 'stake in EU law' as one of the incentives for neighbour states to adapt to the Union's normative transfer. Less pronounced are perspectives on 'association law' itself which derives from the respective association agreements, as a distinct normative order with its own regulatory content that can influence both the associated country's legal system as well as the EU's and its Member States' legal orders. This article aims to address this gap in the literature by first defining and outlining the features of the EU 'association law' phenomenon; it then aims to provide an account of the legal nature, regulatory content as well as the legal institutional and functional features of the EU-Ukraine 'association law' derived primarily from the Association Agreement between the European Union, its Member States and Ukraine, which entered in force on 1 September 2017, as well as the burgeoning secondary association law, including joint-institutional acts. In what follows, the article will discuss the notion of EU 'association law' in the context of the European Neighbourhood Policy and the so-called 'new-generation association agreements'. It will then outline the teleological nature and instrumental logic of the EU-Ukraine 'association law' as an institution of integration, just as it will also disentangle the many layers of the institution of 'association law' – from participatory to instrumental and integration-oriented association modalities.

In France, a large number of non-profit organizations are part of the third sector (services to clients) and are as such at the intersection of the market, the state and the informal sector. At the same time, the extensive development of Civil Society Organizations (CSO) leads to the reproduction of the practices stemming from the company in these a priori non-profit organizations. Today, regarding new financial laws, those French NPOs above government supervision have to justify themselves. For example, do they bring entrepreneurship in public management? Our double case study (in French non profit organizations from the medical, sanitary and social sector) underlines the original emergence of plural forms of CSO entrepreneurship. Actors' games and innovation are observed. Besides, we can speak about social entrepreneurship when CSO configure an offer of trade service. Finally, we sometimes observe a reconfiguration of the institutional borders of the CSO, that is to say institutional entrepreneurship. ; On assiste en France à une augmentation du nombre d'associations impliquées dans le secteur public, en particulier dans le secteur médical, sanitaire et social. Ces associations du secteur privé non lucratif se trouvent à la croisée des modèles de gestion : financées essentiellement par des fonds publics elles exercent également dans des domaines liés à l'intérêt général et sont donc à ce titre sous tutelle publique. Pourtant, leur gouvernance est souvent mixte (publique, privée). La LOLF qui cherche à rationaliser l'administration française depuis 2006 pourraient mettre en péril cet équilibre à l'intersection de l'Etat et du marché. Les associations médicosociales sous tutelle publique sont aujourd'hui confrontées à une nécessité croissante de justifier leur apport au management public : est-il par exemple possible d'y trouver des formes d'entrepreneuriat innovantes et enrichissantes ? Notre double étude de cas (dans des associations médicosociales françaises sous tutelle publique) souligne l'émergence originale de formes plurielles d'entrepreneuriat associatif au sein de ces organisations : jeux d'acteurs et innovation, entrepreneuriat social voire entrepreneuriat institutionnel.

In France, a large number of non-profit organizations are part of the third sector (services to clients) and are as such at the intersection of the market, the state and the informal sector. At the same time, the extensive development of Civil Society Organizations (CSO) leads to the reproduction of the practices stemming from the company in these a priori non-profit organizations. Today, regarding new financial laws, those French NPOs above government supervision have to justify themselves. For example, do they bring entrepreneurship in public management? Our double case study (in French non profit organizations from the medical, sanitary and social sector) underlines the original emergence of plural forms of CSO entrepreneurship. Actors' games and innovation are observed. Besides, we can speak about social entrepreneurship when CSO configure an offer of trade service. Finally, we sometimes observe a reconfiguration of the institutional borders of the CSO, that is to say institutional entrepreneurship. ; On assiste en France à une augmentation du nombre d'associations impliquées dans le secteur public, en particulier dans le secteur médical, sanitaire et social. Ces associations du secteur privé non lucratif se trouvent à la croisée des modèles de gestion : financées essentiellement par des fonds publics elles exercent également dans des domaines liés à l'intérêt général et sont donc à ce titre sous tutelle publique. Pourtant, leur gouvernance est souvent mixte (publique, privée). La LOLF qui cherche à rationaliser l'administration française depuis 2006 pourraient mettre en péril cet équilibre à l'intersection de l'Etat et du marché. Les associations médicosociales sous tutelle publique sont aujourd'hui confrontées à une nécessité croissante de justifier leur apport au management public : est-il par exemple possible d'y trouver des formes d'entrepreneuriat innovantes et enrichissantes ? Notre double étude de cas (dans des associations médicosociales françaises sous tutelle publique) souligne l'émergence ...

The Homeowners Association Act applies to communities and horizontal property regimes requiring homeowners to pay assessments. The law requires governing documents to be filed, provides certain meeting notice requirements and access to association budget and membership lists. The law also requires Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA) to collect specific data on HOA complaints, compile and share it with the Governor and the General Assembly each year.

Research linking civic engagement to citizens' democratic values, generalized trust, cooperative norms, and so on often implicitly assumes such connections are stable over time. This article argues that, due to changes in the broader institutional environment, the engagement-values relation is likely to generally lack temporal stability. We investigate this empirically by analysing the engagement-trust relation using World Values Survey (WVS) data from the 1990 and 2000 waves. Overall, our results show that voluntary association memberships remain positively associated with generalised trust in both samples, but evidence that memberships in connected associations are better than in isolated ones appears, at best, scant in more recent years.

"This treatise on the law of agricultural cooperative marketing associations is in the nature of a brief for a client." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Osgoode Hall Rifle Association trained lawyers, clerks, and law students without previous military experience. The Law Society of Upper Canada created a rifle range on the Osgoode Hall grounds, paid for rifles and ammunition, and provided Convocation Hall for military lectures. ; https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/remembrance_day/1001/thumbnail.jpg

The article is devoted to the history and contemporary situation in the legislation on voluntary associations in Russia.

This interactive session is organised by the EOSC Association and will provide information on the vision and priorities of the Implementation Phase of the European Open Science Cloud. It will also gather information on new ideas and resources coming from the OS Fair participants that can contribute directly to the newly set up EOSC Advisory Groups and their Task Forces. The EOSC Association represents a single voice for the advocacy and representation of the broader EOSC Stakeholder community in Europe, promoting alignment of EU research policy and priorities. A key role of the Association is to continuously develop the EOSC Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) which will influence future EOSC activities at institutional, national and EU level (including the EOSC-related work programmes in Horizon Europe). This living document will adapt to the changing EOSC ecosystem and the needs of EOSC stakeholders. To achieve this, the Association has set up a series of Advisory Groups (AG) with Task Forces (TF) to engage with the EOSC community around priority areas which will be discussed. EOSC Directors and TF coordinators will first present the charters and remit for each TF. Then we'll be holding an open discussion, inviting participants to contribute directly to a pooling of ideas, current activities or resources that could contribute or be of interest to the TFs. We're also interested in your concerns and priorities – what do you not see covered by the TFs or feel is a gap in the Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda. In the end we'll be summarizing the main advice, resources and outcomes of each in a final panel session. This presentation is an introduction to the Task Forces.

L'Italia è sempre stata caratterizzata da un livello di partecipazione associativa molto basso, se paragonato ad altri Paesi europei. Il dato continua ad impressionare gli osservatori, fin dalla ricerca di Almond e Verba sulla cultura civica [1963, p. 246]. In un contesto in cui l'integrazione politica era ampiamente basata su culture politiche di partito, la maggior parte delle reti associative era collaterale ai partiti politici di massa [Biorcio, 2007, p. 189]. Per questo, per discutere i tratti contemporanei dell'associazionismo, dobbiamo adottare una prospettiva di medio periodo, e analizzare i cambiamenti che si sono succeduti nel corso degli ultimi due decenni, e più precisamente a partire da "Tangentopoli" e dal crollo dei partiti di massa. Il capitolo discute le caratteristiche principali di chi partecipa, nonché i luoghi di impegno, mobilitazione e socialità, e conclude presentando le principali sfide della partecipazione associativa nella società italiana (mantenerne la vitalità, la difficoltà di voice e critica alla sfera politica, la partecipazione alla programmazione delle politiche). Il capitolo discute anche le "vecchie" sfide interpretative che continuano ad interrogare la ricerca sociologica. Il grande tema delle "determinanti" del coinvolgimento associativo torna di attualità: se le variabili socio-professionali classiche aiutano a comprendere la distribuzione interna al mondo dei partecipanti, occorre analizzare meglio le ragioni dei livelli così bassi di partecipazione in Italia. Lungi da essere una questione che ha trovato risposte esaustive nei lavori di Almond e Verba prima, e di Putnam in seguito, e di molta ricerca italiana fin dall'inizio degli anni '90, il quesito vede tutt'ora la ricerca impegnata ad esplorare nel dettaglio i fattori contestuali dell'azione collettiva e a "immaginare" diverse spiegazione. Diversi fattori contestuali sono stati studiati separatamente negli ultimi anni: la collocazione geografica e spaziale delle associazioni, la presenza - o meno - di canali ...