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Cover -- Endorsement -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Introduction to Volume 2: Objects, People and Texts -- Notes -- References -- Section 1 Objects -- 1 Textiles in Imperial Landscapes: Tracing the Mobility of Textile Products and Craftspeople in First-Millennium BCE Assyria -- 1.1 Urbanisation as a Factor in the Mobility of the Workforce and Material Resources -- 1.2 The Assyrian Empire and the New Forms of Mobility of Textiles in the Near East -- 1.3 Textiles in the Construction of Assyria's Imperial Identity and Power Imagery -- Notes -- References -- 2 Renaissance Female Luxury Garments On the Move: When Brides' Silk Brocades Ended Up Dressing Ecclesiastics (Florence, 14th-15th Centuries) -- 2.1 "Fare Luxurie Del Vestire" (Squandering in Luxury Garments) -- 2.2 For a Pair of Oxen: Recycled Gifts -- 2.3 "Per L'anima E Rinmembrança" (For the Soul and Memory) of the Deceased Wife -- 2.4 "Paramenti E Limosine" (Vestments and Alms) -- Notes -- References -- 3 Political Objects in Motion Across 19th-Century Europe -- 3.1 Politics, Material Culture and Mobility -- 3.2 The Transnational Market for Napoleonic Objects -- 3.3 Travelling Icons: Feathered Hats in European 1848 Revolutions -- Notes -- References -- 4 The Repatriation and Uneven Biomobilities of Human Remains -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Long Way Home -- 4.3 The Narrative Presence of Indigenous Remains -- 4.4 How Do You Heal a Wound of the Soul? -- 4.5 The Routes of Return -- 4.6 Here and Now -- Notes -- References -- 5 Beyond the Immobility of "Museum Pieces": Variations On Mobility in the Collections of a Museum of Geography -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Geographies of Provenance: Variables in the Itineraries of Objects -- 5.3 The Matter of Geographies: the World Within a Map.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Censorship and Creative Freedom -- Theatre Censorship Apparatuses: Summaries of the Systems Discussed in this Volume -- PART I: First-Hand Experiences of Censorship -- 1 The Dictator's Gift of Censorship -- 2 The Strategy of Communist Censorship in Poland towards the Most Critical and Subversive Student Theatre Productions of 1978 and 1979 -- 3 Between the Silence of Submission and the Challenges of Authenticity: Theatrical Censorship in Franco's Spain (1939-75) -- 4 Theatre Censorship in South Asia: Hegemony and Ambivalence -- 5 Silence One Story and Another is Born: Experience of Censorship in Iran and the UK in 2010 -- PART II: Censorship in Authoritarian Regimes -- 6 Who was Afraid of Fernando Arrabal? The Architect and the Emperor of Assyria in Yugoslavia -- 7 Hide and Seek: Selected Stratagems of Polish Independent Theatre Companies -- 8 Der Georgsberg: The Economy as Theatre in the German Democratic Republic -- 9 Bowdlerised Shakespeare Productions in Hungary and Portugal -- 10 Theatre Censorship in Portugal during the Estado Novo: Policies, Censors, Organisation and Procedures -- 11 An Overview of Theatre Censorship in Brazil (1925-1970) -- 12 Mapping Translated Theatre in Spain through Censorship Archives -- 13 Regime Loyalty and Rebellion: Re-Inventing the Colonial Censorship Nightmare in Zimbabwe -- PART III: Censorship in Democratic States -- 14 Stage Irish Neutrality: Theatre Censorship during the 'Emergency', 1939-45 -- 15 Not Recommended for Licence: British Theatre Censorship under the Lord Chamberlain -- 16 Freedom of Speech and Hair: The Legal Legacy -- 17 Anthony Neilson's Stitching and the High Moral Ground: A Case Study from Malta -- Conclusion: The Power of Theatre -- Contributors

Intro -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Map -- 1 Her outward appearance -- 1.1 Phases of life -- 1.2 The girl -- 1.3 The virgin -- 1.4 Women's clothing -- 1.5 Cosmetics and beauty -- 1.6 The language of women -- 1.7 Women's names -- 2 Marriage -- 2.1 Preparations -- 2.2 Age for marrying -- 2.3 Regulations -- 2.4 The betrothal -- 2.5 The wedding -- 2.6 Marriage and magic -- 3 The marriage gifts -- 3.1 General remarks -- 3.2 The bride-price -- 3.3 The dowry -- 3.4 Gifts from the man -- 4 The family -- 4.1 Impotence -- 4.2 Children -- 4.3 The mother -- 4.4 Bereavement -- 4.5 Childlessness -- 4.6 Repudiation of a childless wife -- 5 A second wife -- 5.1 A slave-girl -- 5.2 Initiating the transaction -- 5.3 The second wife in the Old Assyrian period -- 5.4 The second wife in later periods -- 5.5 The position of the second wife when the first wife is ill -- 6 Concubines -- 7 Marriage between equals -- 8 Marriage to a slave -- 9 Divorce -- 9.1 In Babylonia -- 9.2 In Assyria -- 9.3 In the Neo-Babylonian period -- 9.4 In Syria -- 9.5 Motives for divorce -- 9.6 Predictions -- 9.7 Reconciliation -- 10 Adultery -- 10.1 Women who initiate adultery -- 10.2 Were both lovers treated equally? -- 10.3 Caught in the act -- 10.4 Punishment -- 10.5 Accusations of adultery -- 10.6 The Mother of Sin -- 10.7 An adulterous princess? -- 11 Rape -- 11.1 Slave-girl -- 11.2 Unmarried girl -- 11.3 Married woman -- 11.4 The locations -- 11.5 In myths -- 11.6 The right of the first night -- 12 Incest -- 12.1 Promiscuity -- 12.2 Incest -- 13 The widow -- 13.1 Poor widows -- 13.2 Arrangements made for widows in wills -- 13.3 Powerful widows -- 13.4 Remarrying -- 13.5 Cohabiting -- 13.6 Widows with children -- 14 Levirate marriage -- 15 Women's rights of inheritance -- 16 Women-trafficking under the guise of adoption -- 16.1 The Old Babylonian period -- 16.2 Nuzi.

Zakho -- 1 What's in a name -- 2. An Island in a river -- 3. A Book with shining pages -- 4 Rotten core -- 5. A Surprise -- 6. The Dyer's son -- 7 Little thumb girl -- 8. A Woman's purpose -- 9. A Prayer to the Prophet -- 10 No wasted steps -- 11 Lost in the land of Assyria -- 12 Speaking with angels -- 13 Arabs before Jews -- 14 Plus and minus -- 15. The Mountains are our only friends -- 16 Freezing in Baghdad -- 17 Hanging -- 18 Let the Hajji speak -- 19 Can't help this time -- 20 To hell with books -- 21 Let my people go -- 22. A Suitable level of civilization -- 23 God will provide -- 24 Iraqi stamps -- Israel -- 25 Kissing the ground -- 26 Where are the Jewish synagogues? -- 27 Herzl's beard -- 28 Ana Kurdi -- 29 Some of the best in Zakho -- 30 John Savage -- 31 Sleepwalking out windows -- 32. The Brotherhood of man -- 33 Gold -- Aramaic -- 34 Lishana Deni -- 35 Cleft sentences -- 36 It's all God's world -- 37 Hets and 'Ayins -- 38 Abandoning the fountainhead -- 39 Exiled and redeemed -- 40 Systematic description of a living dialect -- 41 Getting lost -- Yale -- 42 Aramaic for dirges -- 43 To a deep well -- 44 Missions -- 45. A Memorial candle -- 46 Are they kings? -- 47 Some enchanted place -- Father and son -- 48 Speechless -- 49 Hollywood on the Habur -- 50 Coming of the Messiah -- 51 Covenants -- The Return -- 52 River keeps flowing -- 53 Time travel -- 54 Habur -- 55 Kiss the eyes of your sons -- 56 Turkish delights or Jordan almonds -- 57 Heaven sent -- 58 Chasing phantoms -- 59. A Disaster, God forbid -- 60 Kind of a problem -- 61 Breakdown -- 62. "The Girl. the Jew, is alive" -- 63 Convenient truths -- Conclusion -- 64 Paradise lost -- 65 Ice-blended mocha -- 66 Saba's music

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction to the Transaction Edition -- Introduction -- PART I: THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND INDIA -- Chapter 1. The Ancient Near East in International Relations -- A. The Significance of Near Eastern History for the Concept of International History -- B. The Near Eastern States -- a. Mesopotamia -- b. Egypt -- C. International Relations in the Near East in the Second Millennium B.C. -- a. The Political System of States -- b. Communications between States -- (1) The Development of an International Language and its Unifying Effects -- (2) The Impact of Trade on the Near Eastern States System -- (3) Summary -- D. The Pattern of Empire in the Ancient Near East in the First Millennium B.C. -- a. Assyria and Chaldea -- b. Persia -- (1) The Foundations of the Persian World State -- (2) Principle and Expediency in Persia's Imperial Policy -- (3) The Administration of the Persian State -- (4) Persia's Relations with Other States and International Societies -- Chapter 2. The Place of Greece in International History: An Introduction to International Relations between "East" and "West" -- A. The World Community and the Study of Greek History -- B. The Greek City-States -- a. The Historical Setting -- b. Greek Approaches to International Relations -- c. Hellenic Unity -- (1) Retention of the City-State as an Independent Unit -- (2) Panhellenism-Voluntary and Enforced -- Chapter 3. The Empire of Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic System -- A. Alexander the Great and the Outline of a World State -- a. The Scope of the Empire -- b. The Administrative Design of the Empire -- c. The Vision of Unity -- B. The Hellenistic System of States -- a. Multiple Sovereignties -- b. The Individual and the Hellenistic Community -- c. Hellenistic Cosmopolitanism in Law and Government

Egypt Pharoahs P. 1. Old Kingdom; Middl Kingdom; New Kingdom.Hittites P. 43.Akkad Babylonia p. 47.Lydia. P. 69.Assyria Later Babylon: C6th BC. Greece Dual Kingship of Sparta Early Athens Early Thebes Early Argos Early Mycenae Early Pylos and Ithaca Early Iolcos and Thessaly Legendary Troy Greek ⁰́₈Tyrannies : Sicyon, Athens, Samos and Ionia Sicily: : Rulers of Gela, Syracuse. Kings (and queens) of Macedon and rulers of its empire: Temenids, House of Antipater, and Antigonids Epirus Seleucid Kingdom Ptolemaic Kingdom Pergamum ; Pontus ; Cappadocia ; Bithynia ; Galatia ; Commagene . Thrace Classical and Early Mediaeval Armenia Bosporan Kingdom (Crimea) Abgarid Dynasty of Edessa (NE Syria) Nabatea (Jordan) Southern Arabia: Saba and Himyar.Israel and Judah to 586 BC Maccabean Dynasty of Israel Dynasty of Herod Achaemenid Persia Parthian Kingdom (to AD 224/6) (Indo-Parthian sub-kingdom.)Sassanian Persia (to AD 637/651) Hellenistic Greek Bactria and India Indian Sovereigns: Mauryas and GuptasSri Lanka: Anuradhapura.China: Early Dynasties to c. 220 BC: legendary emperors; Shang; Zhou, Chu, xi/Ch i; early Qin; Yen/Yan; Lu; Song; Yu/ Yuyue.Emperors: Qin; Han. Period of division c. AD 220 to 580The Three Kingdoms: Wei, Wu, Shu Han.Jin; early Song; Southern Qi; Southern Liang; Western Laing; Southern Zhen; Early Yen; Early and Later Qin; Northern, Eastern and Western Wei; Northern Zhou; Northern Qi. Earlier and Later Liang; Western, Later and Southern Yen Sui.Korea: Silla and Goguryeo.Japan.THE ROMAN WORLD Legendary Kings of Rome Roman Emperors (and empresses) to AD 395 Western Roman Emperors (and empresses) (to AD 476) Eastern Roman Emperors (and empresses) (to AD 491) NORTH-WESTERN EUROPE AND POST-ROMAN WORLD.Britain: Pre-Roman tribal states Ireland: High Kings to the C6th ADVisigothic Kingdom of Toulouse to AD 507Vandal Kingdom of AfricaOstrogothic Kingdom of ItalyPopes to the early 7th AD

Cover -- Contents -- Dedication -- Donor Acknowledgments -- Director's Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Map of the Ancient Middle East -- Timeline of Key Periods and Developments -- 1 The New Middle East Galleries at the Penn Museum -- 2 The Geography and Agriculture of the Middle East -- 2S1: How Old Is It? -- 2S2: Did the Land Always Look Like This? -- 2S3: The Material Foundation of the Ancient Near East -- 3 The First Cities -- 3S1: The Uruk Vase -- 3S2: Cylinder Seals in the Ancient Near East -- 4 Religion and the Gods -- 4S1: Kingship and the Gods -- 4S2: Enki and Ninhursag -- 4S3: The Ur-Namma Stele -- 5 A View from the Highlands -- 5S1: Sumerian Epic Heroes -- 5S2: Importing Raw Materials and Finished Goods -- 5S3: The Development of Urban Technologies -- 6 Nomads -- 6S1: The Ziwiye Hoard -- 6S2: Bronze Age Diplomacy -- 6S3: Surkh Dum: Nomads in Archaeology -- 7 The Ancient Near Eastern City: 2100-500 BCE -- 7S1: Ur from Above -- 7S2: The Importance of the Entu-Priestess -- 7S3: This Old Babylonian House -- 7S4: Trade -- 7S5: Currency -- 7S6: Education in Ancient Mesopotamia -- 8 The Royal Cemetery of Ur -- 8S1: The Bull-Headed Lyre of Ur and Its Shell Plaque -- 8S2: The Goat in a Tree or the "Ram in the Thicket" -- 8S3: Lovers among the Ruins? -- 8S4: Queen Puabi -- 8S5: The Great Death Pit: Reconstructing a Funeral Feast -- 8S6: An Akkadian Warrior's Grave -- 9 Hasanlu -- 9S1: Ironworking -- 9S2: Assyria -- 9S3: Urartu -- 10 The City under Empire: Nippur from 1000 BCE to 800 CE -- 10S1: Marduk, King of the Gods -- 10S2: Expanding Neo-Babylonian Trade Relationships -- 10S3: The Murashu Family -- 10S4: Coins in the Near East -- 10S5: Incantation Bowls -- 11 The Medieval and Early Modern Islamic and Persianate City -- 11S1: Writing and Papermaking Technologies -- 11S2: Social and Historical Contexts for Islamic Urbanism.

Without rival : the royal performance of masculinity in Assyrian royal inscriptions and palace reliefs -- Daughter Zion : the gendered presentation of the Assyrian crisis in First Isaiah, Zephaniah, and Nahum -- From daughter to whore and back again : the transformation of the Jerusalem complex in the post-Assyrian period -- The fruits of comparison : a conversation between gendered texts

Contents; Acknowledgments; 1 Introduction: is nationalism recent and superficial?; Ethnicity has always been political; How deep did premodern ethnonational identity reach?; The underlying dispute; Concepts and definitions; Ethnos and ethnicity; Peoples; Nation and national state; Nationalism and patriotism; 2 The evolution of kin-culture communities; Kinship and culture in the past 150,000 years; Evolutionary inheritance and historical transformation; 3 From tribes to statehood; Tribal growth and ethnic expansion; From tribes to states; State formation, tribal erosion, and ethnicity; 4 Premodern ethne, peoples, states, and nations around the worldA Ethnos and city-state; The cradle of civilization; Phoenicians, Greeks, and Rome; Premodern America, Africa, Asia, and Europe; B The premodern national state; Ancient Egypt: the first state - and first national state; Nascent national states in the ancient Near East; China: the largest and most enduring ancient people and state; In the giant´s shadow: national states around China; C Were empires ethnically blind?; From Assyria to Persia; The Hellenistic and Roman empires; The Arab, Ottoman, and Mughal empires; Conclusion; 5 Premodern Europe and the national stateGeopolitics: statehood in the Classical Mediterranean and in emergent Europe; A The mushrooming of national states in emergent Europe; The British Isles: a history of four nations; Scandinavian identity and national identities; The medieval German national empire; The Czech lands; The Polish national state and empire; The Russian nation and the Russian Empire; Conclusion; B Southern versus northern Europe; Medieval national states and the clutches of empires in southeast Europe States, geography, and national consolidation in Romance southwest Europe The French paradigmatic case; C Was the premodern European nation impossible due to religion, empire, dynastic rule, inequality, and dialect fragmentation?; Religion and the nation; Empire; The dynastic national kingdom; Sociopolitical inequality; How deep was dialect fragmentation?; Conclusion; 6 Modernity: nationalism released, transformed, and enhanced; A The will of the people and the nation: what enabled what? B Civic nations or ethnic nations? Europe, the English-speaking immigrant countries, Latin America, Africa, and AsiaThe European national templates; The European Union; The English-speaking immigrant states: purely civic nations?; Ethnicity and nation-building in Latin America; Ethnicity and nation-building in sub-Saharan Africa; Ethnicity and nation-building in the southeast Asian archipelago; Ethnicity and nation-building in India and Pakistan; Conclusion: civic versus ethnic nations?; C National conflict and solidarity in a globalizing world; The audit of war: willingly killing and dying for one's nation; A groundbreaking study of the foundations of nationalism, exposing its antiquity, strong links with ethnicity and roots in human nature

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Opening Lectures -- "He put in order the accounts …" -- Être chef d'un état amorrite -- City Administration in the Ancient Near East -- Administration in Texts from the First Sealand Dynasty -- City Administration in Poetry -- Between City Institutions and Markets: -- L'administration de Chagar Bazar (Ašnakkum) à l'époque de Samsi-Addu -- How to Control Nomads? -- The Sargonic "Archive" of Me-sag, Cup-bearer of Adab -- Le hazannu à Mari et sur le Moyen-Euphrate -- From Oral Promise to Written Receipt -- Verschenkte Städte - Königliche Landschenkungen an Götter und Menschen -- Hazannum: The Forgotten Mayor -- Städtische Selbstverwaltung und sozial-politischer Gemeindesektor in Phönikien und Syrien -- The Role of the hazannu in the Neo-Assyrian Empire -- The City-Administration of Ugarit -- New Light from an Unpublished Archive of Meskigalla, Ensi of Adab, Housed in the Cornell University Collections -- Professions and Labor in the Ur III Period -- A Babylonian Gang of Potters -- What Work Did the Damgars Do? -- Towards a Definition of Ur III Labor -- Administration of the Irrigation Fee in Umma during the Ur III Period (ca. 2112-2004 BCE) -- Abbreviations of Periodicals, Reference Works, Series, and Sources.