Suchergebnisse

A model of engaged scholarship, this book examines first-person testimonials by women who have survived abuse and atrocity in zones of conflict and terror. Drawing on a wide range of sources and settings, Anne Cubili+ uses survivor testimony as theoretical invention, placing personal witness in dialogue with work by philosophers, literary theorists, and others who study the space between victim and survivor, ethical witness and silenced observer, male and female. This nuanced example of ethical criticism demonstrates forcefully how ethical witnessing reformulates the language of human rights and enhances its ability to intervene against violence and oppression.

Witness and testimony : ethics, trauma, speech, and paradox -- "The erotics of violence" : performing violence in The balcony and The conduct of life -- Testimonial and surviving : gender and the crisis of witnessing -- State terror and the ethical witness -- Testimonial, trauma, and the crises of discourse in Bosnia -- Grounded ethics : testimonial witnessing from rural Afghanistan to the United States

This biography of one of the key figures of the Jewish Holocaust is important for understanding the details that led to one of the most grisly periods of human history, as well as for those looking to bear witness to the Holocaust. The biography details Eichmann's life as a young man, how he moved up the ranks within the Nazi regime, and his eventual self-exile to Argentina, where he hid until he was discovered and brought to trial for his crimes. The book includes historical photographs and primary source documents

Unspeakable voyage : explorers and colonialists in the Congo -- "The subtle consul" : Roger Casement's Congo report -- In transit and transition : Congo missionaries -- Cocoa and antislavery : Henry W. Nevinson's A modern slavery -- England's eyewitness : Casement's Amazon journal -- Conclusion -- Appendix: Ikembe's letter to Rev. Joseph Clark

"Agency problems in economics virtually always entail self-interested agency exhibiting "insufficient" loyalty to principal. Social psychology also has a literature, mainly derived from work by Stanley Milgram, on issues of agency, but this emphasizes excessive loyalty -- people undergoing a so-called "agentic shift" and forsaking rationality for loyalty to a legitimate principal, as when "loyal" soldiers obey orders to commit atrocities. This literature posit that individuals experience a deep inner satisfaction from acts of loyalty -- essentially a "utility of loyalty" -- and that this both buttresses institutions organized as hierarchies and explains much human misery. Agency problems of excessive loyalty, as when boards kowtow to errant CEOs and controlling shareholders, may be as economically important in corporate finance as the more familiar problems of insufficient loyalty of corporate insiders to shareholders. Overt conflict between rival authorities is shown to reverse the "agentic shift" -- justifying institutions that formalize argumentation such as the adversary system in Common Law courts; the Official Opposition in Westminster democracies; discussants and referees in academia; and independent directors, non-executive chairs, and proxy contests in corporate governance"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

"What can literary theory reveal about discourses and practices of human rights, and how can human rights frameworks help to make sense of literature? How have human rights concerns shaped the literary marketplace, and how can literature impact human rights concerns? Essays in this volume theorize how both literature and reading literarily can shape understanding of human rights in productive ways. Contributors to Theoretical Perspectives on Human Rights and Literature provide a shared history of modern literature and rights; theorize how trauma, ethics, subjectivity, and witnessing shape representations of human rights violations and claims in literary texts across a range of genres (including poetry, the novel, graphic narrative, short story, testimonial, and religious fables); and consider a range of civil, political, social, economic, and cultural rights and their representations. The authors reflect on the imperial and colonial histories of human rights as well as the cynical mobilization of human rights discourses in the name of war, violence, and repression; at the same time, they take seriously Gayatri Spivak's exhortation that human rights is something that we "cannot not want," exploring the central function of storytelling at the heart of all human rights claims, discourses, and policies" Publsher's note.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze socio-cultural and political forces which have shaped anti-violent attitudes and strategies of the Batek and Batek Tanum of Peninsular Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach - Data collection during the authors' long-term, multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork among the Batek and Batek Tanum in Peninsular Malaysia. Methodology included participant observation, semi-structured interviews and a literature review of texts on the Orang Asli and anthropological theories on violence. Findings - Traumatic experiences of past violence and atrocities greatly influence the Batek's and Batek Tanum's present attitudes toward direct and structural forms of violence. A variety of anti-violent strategies are adopted, including the choice to escape when physically threatened. Rather than demonstrating 'weakness,' this course of action represents a smart survival strategy. External violence reinforces values of internal cooperation and mutual-aid that foraging societies, even sedentary groups, typically privilege. In recent years, the Batek's increasing political awareness has opened new forms of resistance against the structural violence embedded within Malaysian society. Originality/value - The study proposes that societies cannot simply be labelled as violent or non-violent on the basis of socio-biological theories. Research into hunter-gatherer social organization and violence needs to be reframed within larger debates about structural violence. The 'anti-violence' of certain foraging groups can be understood as a powerful form of resilience to outside pressures and foraging groups' best possible strategy for survival. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract
With the pervasive violations of human rights, including mass atrocities, which happened during the authoritarian New Order administration, the literature on human rights in Indonesia has often been highly critical of the regimes' human rights record. Indonesia's regime change in 1998 brought in a more optimistic outlook; successive regimes have shown a stronger commitment to respecting human rights. However, the government still faces challenges in protecting such rights, and in acknowledgement and resolving past gross human rights violations. Consequently, future mass atrocities may not be readily avoided. This study aims to explore Indonesia's capacity for avoiding future atrocities by evaluating three relevant factors: the influence of the interest-based arguments of the central government elites, the extent to which the idea of 'sovereignty as responsibility' has spread among Indonesian governmental institutions, and the role of non-state actors. All of these factors shape Indonesia's capacity to respond to and prevent any occurrence of mass atrocities in the future.