Suchergebnisse

The Stanford Task Force Report on Preventive Force, by Abraham D. Sofaer, offers a practical guide to identifying and considering the issues relevant to preventive uses of force. The report seeks to ensure that such uses of force, if undertaken, will advance national and international security and the purposes of the United Nations Charter. The report examines the legitimacy, dangers, and limitations of preventive force and concludes by encouraging states and decision makers to undertake a systematic appraisal of the merits of any threat or use of preventive force based, not only on legal standards, which have proved an ineffective guide, but also on standards related to legitimacy, such as the consistency of proposed actions with the U.N. Charter and established norms of conduct.

When is it legitimate for nations to use force? The United States and NATO, intent on military intervention but unable to secure UN Security Council authorization, regularly use false arguments and a haze of purported altruistic justifications to justify their actions. "Smokescreen" emphasizes the need to base our definition of legitimacy in the rule of law and offers a path forward toward international peace and security, in the interests of Western countries and humanity as a whole.

Anticipatory military activities, both preemptive and preventive, are at the centre of American strategic doctrine. Rachel Bzostek puts forward a full understanding of why states have or have not undertaken such activities in the past in order to comprehend why states have rarely used this method.

Ephraim Kam observes surprise attack through the eyes of its victim in order to understand the causes of the victim's failure to anticipate the coming of war. Emphasing the psychological aspect of warfare, Kam traces the behavior of the victim at various functional levels and from several points of view in order to examine the difficulties and mistakes that permit a nation to be taken by surprise. He argues that anticipation and prediction of a coming war are more complicated than any other issue of strategic estimation, involving such interdependent factors as analytical contradictions, judgemental biases, organizational obstacles, and political as well as military constraints.

Résumé Méditation sur une fonction des mythologies et contres-mythologies chez Sun Ra, au sein de leur usage dans la culture afro-américaine. Le musicien-compositieur n'ayant jamais voulu théoriser, distillant plutôt ses pensées par d'énigmatiques bribes éparpillées, cette étude explore les passages mentionnant l'usage et le rapport aux mythes dans son œuvre – voyageant dans sa poésie et prose, dans une série d'interviews et de paroles filmées. Articulant cette vue émergente au rapport des anciens Égyptiens avec le mythe et l'énigmatique, une analyse de scènes clefs du film Space Is the Place devient possible. La dimension stratégique de l'usage de contre-mythologies nous apparaît plus clairement, chez ce chef d'orchestre jazz inspiré.

Does the United States have the right to defend itself by striking first, or must it wait until an attack is in progress? Is the Bush Doctrine of aggressive preventive action a justified and legal recourse against threats posed by terrorists and rogue states? Tackling one of the most controversial policy issues of the post-September 11 world, Michael Doyle argues that neither the Bush Doctrine nor customary international law is capable of adequately responding to the pressing security threats of our times. In Striking First, Doyle shows how the Bush Doctrine has consistently disregarded a vita.