Suchergebnisse

Prikazane su prehrambene kartice koje su koristili zatočenici koncentracijskih logora Jasenovac (1941.-1945.) i Stara Gradiška (1942.-1945.). Naime, zatočenici su karticama, koje su izdavane mjesečno, podizali dnevne obroke (doručak, objed i večeru). Gubitak je kartice za sobom povlačio gubitak prava na hranu te su stoga, iako ne u pravom smislu riječi, one bile jedna vrsta platežnoga sredstva unutar logora. Prikazano je devet kartica za prehranu, sedam ih je korišteno u logoru Jasenovac, a dvije su prehrambene kartice izdane i korištene u logoru Stara Gradiška ; The article describes the camp food cards that were used in Jasenovac (1941-1945) and Stara Gradiška (1942-1945), the concentration and work camps of the Independent State of Croatia. The food cards were issued monthly and the inmates used them to draw their daily meals (breakfast, lunch and supper). Although the food cards were issued by name and could not be transferred, their loss entailed the loss of the right to food so they could be interpreted as a kind of camp currency, although not in the real sense of the word. The article shows nine food cards that belonged to five prisoners: seven of the cards were used in the Jasenovac Camp and two were used in the Stara Gradiška Camp. Camp currency (coupons and food cards) was very widespread in camps throughout Europe during the Second World War and immediately after it. Camp coupons were also in use in some camps for interned civilians founded by the military authorities of the Kingdom of Italy on the eastern Adriatic coast during the Second World War. Although the use of camp currency (coupons and food cards) was widespread, and has been described in scholarly and professional literature, there has to date been no mention of the prisoners' food cards shown in this article, used in the Ustasha concentration and work camps of Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška.

On the eastern Adriatic coast and the surrounding areas, there is an entire range of excavated and recorded amphitheatres located in individual former Roman colonies (Pola, Iader, Aequum, Salona, Epidaurum and Dyrrachium) and military camps (Burnum and Tilurium). Through topographic, typological and chronological classification, the author explores the Roman amphitheatre in Burnum. Likewise, in an interdisciplinary approach, the author supports his conclusions with historical sources, displaying materials, archaeological remains, numismatic material, toponomastic records, reconstructions, as well as archival, cartographic, urban and other types of data. ; Na jugozapadnoj periferiji kompleksa vojnog logora u Burnumu iskopan je rimski amfiteatar na mikrolokaciji Karlovac, izvan bedema samog logora. Centralno područje amfiteatra bilo je 44 x 33 m veliko borilište, gdje su se izvodile gladijatorske borbe i ostali sadržaji. Sam ovalno koncipirani tlocrtni oblik amfiteatra čini više-manje pravilna elipsa, što potvrđuju i same dimenzije amfiteatra, 118 x 87 m. Na građevini možemo razlikovati dvije građevinske faze. Prva građevinska faza iz doba cara Klaudija arheološki je potvrđena. Sve potrebne predradnje u vezi s pripremom i nivelacijom terena i potom gradnjom građevine amfiteatra izvršili su pripadnici XI. legije koja od 42. godine nosi spomenuti počasni naziv legio XI Claudia pia fidelis. Završnu građevinsku fazu amfiteatra u Burnumu potrebno je datirati u vrijeme vladavine cara Vespazijana koji je novčano pomogao njezino dovršenje.

Članak nastoji prikazati polazišta za tumačenje transformacije humanitarnog rada i oprimjeriti prakse koje upućuju na njegovu profesionalizaciju i izgradnju bliskog odnosa s područjem političkog djelovanja. Zasnovan kao filantropijski projekt i imperativ o spašavanju života i/ili reduciranju patnje, u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća humanitarizam je formalizirao koncept pružanja pomoći i počeo se manifestirati u aspektima tipičnima za poslovnu i korporacijsku kulturu. Prakse profesionalizacije i odnos između dva pojma koji ostavljaju dojam suprotstavljenih varijanti shvaćanja humanitarnog rada – pomoć i posao – problematiziraju se na osnovi etnografije rada i analize intervjua provedenih s humanitarnim radnicima iz izbjegličkog kampa u Slavonskom Brodu. ; This paper will present the starting points for the interpretation of the transformation of humanitarian work, along with providing examples indicative of its professionalisation and the close relationship it has developed with the domain of political activity. Originally conceived as a philanthropic project and based around the imperative of saving lives and/or reducing suffering, humanitarianism has formalised the concept of providing aid in the past few decades and has begun to manifest aspects typical of corporate and business culture. The practice of professionalisation and the relationship between the two terms seemingly presenting contradictory attitudes towards humanitarian work – seeing it as either aid or business – are problematised on the basis of the ethnography of work and an analysis of the interviews conducted with humanitarian workers from the refugee camp in Slavonski Brod.

U Hrvatskoj su nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata za prehranu i opskrbu ratnih zarobljenika i osoba osuđenih na lišenje slobode s prisilnim radom uvedeni i korišteni novčani bonovi. Za prehranu i opskrbu osuđenica u Zavodu za prisilni rad Požega bonovi su uvedeni najvjerojatnije 1946. (izdanje: Zavod za prisilni rad Požega), bonovi za prehranu i opskrbu osuđenika na prisilnom radu u Fužinama uvedeni su najvjerojatnije 1950. (izdanje: Narodna Republika Hrvatska Uprava osuđeničke radne snage "Hidroelektra" Fužine), a bonovi za prehranu i opskrbu osuđenika na prisilnom radu u Sisku uvedeni su najvjerojatnije 1951. (izdanje: Uprava osuđeničke radne snage Sisak-Predgrađe). Zatvorski/logorski bonovi u Hrvatskoj 1945.-1951. malo su poznati, iako su zanimljiv prilog poznavanju represivnoga sustava, a i novčarske povijesti u razdoblju "narodne demokracije" u Jugoslaviji. ; After the Second World War money coupons were introduced and used in Croatia for the food and supplies of war prisoners and persons deprived of freedom with forced labour. Coupons for the food and supplies of women prisoners in the Forced Labour Institution in Požega were probably introduced in 1946 (issued by the Požega Institution for Forced Labour), coupons for the food and supplies of prisoners sentenced to forced labour in Fužine were probably introduced in 1950 (issued by the People's Republic of Croatia, "Hidroelektra" Fužine Administration for Prisoners' Labour), and coupons for the food and supplies of prisoners sentenced to forced labour in Sisak were probably introduced in 1951 (issued by the Sisak-Predgrađe Administration for Prisoners' Labour). The prison/camp coupons in Croatia from 1945-1951 are not well known although they are an interesting aspect of knowledge about the repression system and monetary history in the period of the "peoples' democracy" in Yugoslavia.

U tekstu se razmatra revizionistička struja u suvremenoj hrvatskoj historiografiji, a posredno i u politici, koja se bavi Nezavisnom Državom Hrvatskom (1941-1945). Revizionistički narativ čine tri glavne postavke: (a) NDH je bila normalna onodobna protupobunjenička država koja nije koristila državni teror kako bi uništila vjerske i etničke zajednice koje su u ustaškoj ideologiji i politici bile određene kao prirodni ili organski neprijatelji te tvorevine, nego je primjenjivala ograničena legitimna sredstva borbe da bi se zaštitila od političkih pobunjenika; (b) u NDH nisu izvršeni masovni zločini, a kamoli genocid, ni nad Srbima, ni nad Židovima, ni nad Romima; štoviše, glavne žrtve bili su Hrvati te zločine NDH treba desrbizirati i dejudeizirati; (c) logor Jasenovac bio je samo radni i sabirni logor, a ne koncentracijski logor smrti, u koji je NDH privodila političke protivnike kako bi se zaštitila od njihova razornog djelovanja, a ne kako bi ih ubijala; pravi smrtonosni logor u Jasenovcu osnovala je tek jugoslavenska komunistička vlast poslije svršetka Drugoga svjetskog rata. Pokušavajući dekonstruirati "jasenovački mit", revizionisti zapravo nastoje dekonstruirati "mit o genocidu" u NDH, a time potpuno ili djelomice rehabilitirati NDH. ; This article analyses the revisionist currents in Croatian contemporary historiography – and implicitly also in politics – which in its focus has interpretation of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH, 1941-1945). Three main elements of the revisionist narative are: a) NDH was just a normal state concerned with rebellion in its own territory, rather than the state which used state terror to exterminate religious and ethnic communities marked as its "natural and organic enemies". In other words, it only applied limited and legitimate instruments to protect itself from its political opponents. b) There were no massive crimes, and especially no genocide, neither against the Serbs, nor Jewish or Roma population. On the contrary, the main victims in 1941-1945 had been Croats, and thus the crimes of NDH should be de-Serbianized and de-Jewisized. c) Jasenovac was only a labour camp and prison, not a concentration death camp. The NDH used it for gathering and arresting its political opponents in order to prevent them from pursuing their destructive actions against the state. The real death camp in Jasenovac was formed only in 1945 by post-NDH communist authorities. By deconstructing what they call the "Jasenovac myth", the revisionists are in fact trying to deconstruct "the myth of genocide by NDH", and thus to rehabilitate the NDH either completely or partially.

Nakon ofenzive hrvatske i njemačke vojske na području planine Kozare u ljeto 1942. godine nastao je zbjeg s velikim brojem izgladnjele i bolesne djece. Kad je slomljen otpor partizanskih snaga, veće skupine djece iz zbjega privremeno su smještane u nekoliko prihvatnih centara (logor Stara Gradiška, sabirališta u selima Mlaka, Jablanac, Uštica i drugdje), a zatim su, bez prethodnih priprema, prevezene u različita prihvatilišta s ciljem pružanja pomoći i zdravstvene skrbi te su potom udomljavana u obitelji. U organizaciji zbrinjavanja djece presudna je bila uloga države, a iz dostupnih dokumenata jasno se razabire da je djeci u prihvatilištima uz smještaj i prehranu pružana i odgovarajuća zdravstvena skrb, odnosno da djeca nisu bila diskriminirana i zanemarivana. Osnovna je namjera ovoga rada, korištenjem izvornog arhivskog gradiva i izjava sudionika događaja (sudski zapisnici), pokazati da su djeca s Kozare i Potkozarja 1942. godine u prihvatilištima u Jastrebarskom, Sisku i Zagrebu imala odgovarajuću opću i zdravstvenu skrb u skladu s mogućnostima tadašnje medicine u zadanim ratnim okolnostima. Naime, sve do danas u različitim medijima postoji cijeli niz stavova o namjernom izgladnjivanju, trovanju i mučenju te djece. Ovdje želimo istaknuti da su to proizvoljni i činjenično neutemeljeni navodi koje su plasirale jugoslavenske komunističke vlasti odmah nakon završetka Drugoga svjetskog rata, ali i pojedine društvene, političke pa i znanstvene strukture. Stoga, u duhu znanstvenih spoznaja, mislimo da su nazivi dječji ili ustaški logori neprimjereni te da bi bilo uputnije koristiti nazive prihvatilišta ili sabirališta za djecu, pa i privremene bolnice za djecu. ; After the offensive of the Croatian and German army in the area of the Kozara mountain in the summer of 1942, a refugee camp was created with a large number of starving and sick children. When the Partisan resistance was crushed, large groups of children from the camp were temporarily moved to a number of reception centres (concentration camp Stara Gradiπka, shelters in the villages of Mlaka, Jablanac, Uštica, and elsewhere). Then, without prior preparations, they were all moved to further temporary shelters with the goal of providing general care and healthcare. The children were later placed in foster homes. The organization of placing the children into any form of housing depended for the most part on the State. From available documents, it is clear that the children in the camps were given housing and food, as well as adequate healthcare, meaning that the children were not discriminated against or neglected. The basic purpose of this paper is to show that children from Kozara and Potkozarje in 1942 had adequate general care and healthcare, in accordance with the capacities of medicine at the time in the given circumstances of war. This is done by using original archive materials and statements of participants of the events (court records). We wrote this paper because today there is an abundance of opinions in various media that the children were starved, poisoned, and tortured. Here we want to point out that these claims are arbitrary and unfounded, spread by the Yugoslav communist regime after the end of World War II, as well as certain social, political, and even scientific groups. Therefore, the terms "children's camps" or "Ustasha camps" are inappropriate, and instead, the terms "reception centres" or "children's shelters", even "children's hospitals" should be used.

Probna arheološka istraživanja u Sotinu 2010. godine provedena su u dvije kampanje (u svibnju, te u kolovozu i početkom rujna) kojima je cilj bio istražiti, prema dosadašnjim spoznajama, središnji dio željeznodobnog groblja daljske grupe te provjeriti da li se prostorna distribucija grobova razlikuje i kronološki kao što je to bio slučaj u prethodnim istraživanjima. Uz 15 grobova daljske grupe s početka željeznog doba, otkriven je i periferni dio civilnog naselja te dio obrambenog sustava privremenog vojnog logora koji su položeni jugoistočno od vojne utvrde Cornacum smještene na Popinom brdu. Radi se dosad o prvom sigurnom otkriću jednog privremenog vojnog logora na hrvatskom dijelu limesa kojem je u budućim istraživanjima potrebno definirati površinu i unutarnju infrastrukturu. ; The 2010 archaeological trial excavations in Sotin were conducted in two campaigns (in May, and in August and the beginning of September). Their objective was to explore the central part of the Dalj group Iron Age cemetery and to check whether the spatial distribution of the graves varies chronologically, as was the case in previous excavations. Besides 15 Dalj group graves from the beginning of the Iron Age, the peripheral part of the civilian settlement and part of the defence system of a temporary military camp, situated south-east of the Cornacum fort on Popino Brdo, were also excavated. This was the first certain discovery of a temporary military camp on the Croatian part of the Limes. Its structure and inner infrastructure need to be defined in future excavations. The temporary military camp was built south-west of the southern necropolis, and partly ran across the south-western periphery of the industrial part of the civilian settlement. The discovery of the peripheral part of the civilian settlement in a stratigraphic relationship to the temporary camp has shed light on the multiple Roman layers in the south-eastern part of Sotin. It can be asserted with certainty that this is a peripheral part of Cornacum. Considering the fact that pits were found exclusively in trench 7 and 9, which according to the finds can preliminarily be dated to the 2nd-3rd centuries, this was a peripheral industrial part of the settlement. The structures were cut by channels belonging to the earliest excavated complexes, presumably from the 4th century, which were recorded at the southern necropolis site and associated with a residential phase, to which belong the remains of the foundations of a relatively large building whose position is believed to have been determined by the direction of a Roman road. The various goods excavated in Dalj group graves suggest the community's individual approach to sending off the deceased to the next world. Besides the general cremation rules and burying the mortal remains in an urn, other grave goods (attire and ceramic vessels) were selected according to age, sex, and also the social position of community members. The shapes of pottery from Dalj group graves excavated in 2010 suggest they date from the 8th and first half of the 7th century B.C., that is in the IIIa and IIIb pottery horizon according to C. Metzner-Nebelsick (2002: 172-175, Abb. 75). The most similar graves based on ceramography and attire have been unearthed in the so-far largest excavated Dalj group cemetery in Doroslov, Bačka (Trajković 2008). The 2010 archaeological excavations in Sotin again achieved excellent results in the Dalj group Early Iron Age cemetery, as well as on the horizontal and vertical stratigraphy of Cornacum. They also suggested the directions of planned future excavations in which the western border of the Iron Age cemetery and the size and infrastructure of the temporary military camp need to be defined, and further field surveys carried out with the aim of a more detailed defining of the rich horizontal layers of this extraordinary archaeological site on the Danube.

U radu se raspravlja o znamenitom, ali nažalost izgubljenom naronitanskom nadgrobnom spomeniku CIL 3, 8438 s dona militaria i centurionskim insignijima na čeonoj strani. Ukazuje se na zanimljivi način na koji je izgubljen, tipološku pripadnost spomenika, jedan neprimijećeni element ikonografije (vitis), a na kraju se predlaže i datiranje. Usputno se osvrće i na složenu problematiku postrojbe u kojoj je pokojnik služio u trenutku smrti, tj. pitanje jesu li kohorta Camp. bez ili s rednim brojem I jedna ili dvije postrojbe. ; This paper discusses the notable, but unfortunately lost Naronitan tombstone CIL 3, 8438 with dona militaria and centurion insignia on the front side. It describes the interesting way in which the tombstone was lost, as well as its typological classification, pointing out an iconographic element that has remained unnoticed (a vitis), and finally proposing a dating for it. At the same time, it touches upon the complex subject matter of the unit in which the deceased served at the time of his death, i.e. the question of whether the Camp. cohort without or with the ordinal number I was a single unit or two units.

This article examines the scope of Agamben's thesis that the camp is the "nomos" of the world we live in. The author asserts that Agamben's argument in favor of consequentiality includes a call to radical revolutionary change of the world, but that Agamben is unable to utter the call since he has no clear notion of politics freed from law. Kurelic's expose is divided into three segments. In the first one, he focuses on Agamben's disappointment with the corrupt "Free West," especially with the problems that the winners in the Cold War are faced with. In Giorgio Agamben's view, an example of a failed state is his native Italy. In the second segment, the author deals with the "global camp" conception & sets forth the narration in which the contemporary liberal democracy has become one of the incarnations of Leviathan

Romsko stanovništvo danas čini jednu od najstarijih manjinskih skupina u Hrvatskoj, a njihovo naseljavanje na ovom području bilježi se od druge polovine XIV. st. Odnos hrvatskih vlasti prema njima često je bio obilježen represivno-asimilacijskom politikom, koju danas neki znanstvenici smatraju dijelom šire europske anticiganističke politike. Stradanje Roma u Drugom svjetskom ratu u Europi, uključujući Nezavisnu Državu Hrvatsku, može se smatrati vrhuncem takve anticiganističke politike. U radu se posebno analizira stradanja Roma na širem bjelovarsko-bilogorskom području, tj. području Velike župe Bilogora. Tako su analizirana pitanja odnosa lokalnih (ustaških) vlasti prema Romima, ali i drugim pitanjima, poput deportacije Roma u jasenovački koncentracijski logor, oduzimanje njihove imovine, primjer otpora Roma (sudjelovanje u Narodnooslobodilačkoj borbi) i razmjeri njihova stradanja. U istraživanju se većinom koriste spisi Državnog arhiva u Bjelovaru i Hrvatskog državnog arhiva, lokalna periodika i relevantna literatura. ; Romani population today forms one of the oldest minority groups in Croatia. Their settlement in our territory began in the second half of the 14th century. The attitude of Croatian authorities toward the Romani was often marked by repression –assimilation policy, which is currently observed as a part of the wider European anti-Gypsy policy by a number of scientists. The sufferings of the Romani during World War Two in Europe, including the Independent State of Croatia, may be considered the climax of the anti-Gypsy policy. The paper analyzes in particular the sufferings of Romani population in the wider Bjelovar-Bilogora area, i.e. the area covered by the Great District of Bilogora. The following issues have been tackled: the treatment of the Romani by the local (Ustasha) authorities; the deportation of the Romani to the concentration camp in Jasenovac; the confiscation of their property; one example of the resistance of the Romani (participation in the National Liberation War); and the scale of their sufferings. For the purposes of this study, the author mainly used the materials from the State Archives in Bjelovar and Croatian State Archives, local periodicals, and relevant literature.