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The article discusses some problems of collective identities in Austria's contemporary history. The basic argument is, that persisting identities depend on the ability to establish difference, margins and distinctions against ,the other' and against ,history' as well. Some of the key-dates of Austrian history are analysed as ,abutments' of historical identities. The authors emphasize the basic role of social and political structures and the existence of moral and cultural entrepreneurship in the process of the construction and maintenance of (more or less) stabile identities. Bargaining for what ,Austrian' legitimately means became a more and more eminent element in that process. ; The article discusses some problems of collective identities in Austria's contemporary history. The basic argument is, that persisting identities depend on the ability to establish difference, margins and distinctions against ,the other' and against ,history' as well. Some of the key-dates of Austrian history are analysed as ,abutments' of historical identities. The authors emphasize the basic role of social and political structures and the existence of moral and cultural entrepreneurship in the process of the construction and maintenance of (more or less) stabile identities. Bargaining for what ,Austrian' legitimately means became a more and more eminent element in that process.

In the present work, the Austrian story is the first time explicitly examined from a French perspective. The author first outlines the relevant directions of the French historical scholarship and subsequently describes important people (Maria Theresa and Joseph II) and events (the creation of the Empire of Austria / abolition of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, Revolution of 1848 and compensation Austria-Hungary). - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird erstmals explizit die Österreichische Geschichte aus französischer Perspektive beleuchtet. Dabei skizziert der Autor zunächst die relevanten Richtungen der französischen Geschichtswissenschaften, um anschließend wichtige Personen (Maria Theresia und Joseph II.) bzw. Ereignisse (Schaffung des Kaisertums Österreich/Abschaffung des Heiligen Römischen Reiches deutscher Nation, Revolution von 1848 und Ausgleich Österreich-Ungarns) zu behandeln.

In the effort to determine whether and to what extent the Austrian National So-cialist Party was indigenous to Austria or primarily a German import, a quanti-tative analysis of party membership shows that the NSDAP in Austria was less attached to a specific social group than any other contemporary party. In a sense it was a "very modern political phenomenon," a conglomeration of nearly all classes, with those middle classes overrepresented, which had a certain anti-liberal tradition and felt extremely disadvantaged. Once it became a mass movement, it was an "asymmetrical populist party" that adapted its character according to the exigencies of time and place, except that it rarely appealed to the workers of the left.

Thomas Bernhard, one of the most significant post-war European writers, continues to fascinate. The twenty essays in this bilingual volume offer new readings of the Austrian writer's works via three interconnected strands: language, history and subjectivity. In Austria, Bernhard was often viewed as an enfant terrible . Yet after his death in 1989, he has increasingly undergone what novelist Alexander Schimmelbusch calls a 'Mozartisation'. Against this background, the volume refocuses attention on Bernhard's works themselves, underlining why these continue to be subversive and compelling. The essays in this volume address Bernhard's creative linguistic interventions; his theatrical verve; his literary persona; and his response to the traumatic historical legacy which continues to shape Austrian subjectivities long after 1945. Thomas Bernhard – einer der bedeutendsten europäischen Nachkriegsautoren – wurde in Österreich oft als enfant terrible wahrgenommen. Nach seinem Tod in 1989 kam es jedoch immer mehr zu einem Prozess der "Mozartisierung" (Alexander Schimmelbusch), dem Versuch, Bernhard in das offizielle österreichische Selbstbild einzureihen. Vor diesem Hintergrund lenkt dieser Band die Aufmerksamkeit wieder auf Bernhards Werke selbst und unterstreicht, warum diese nach wie vor subversiv, spannend und nicht zuletzt irritierend sind. Unter den miteinander verbundenen Themenschwerpunkten Sprache, Geschichte und Subjektivität befassen sich die Beiträge mit Bernhards kreativen sprachlichen Interventionen, seiner theatralischen Präsenz, seiner literarischen Persona und seiner Reaktion auf das traumatische historische Erbe, das die österreichischen Subjektivitäten noch lange nach 1945 prägt. Auch, aber keineswegs nur deshalb, hat Bernhard nichts von seiner Faszination eingebüßt

This article attempts to refocus the historiography of development from the history of ideas and concepts to the history of (some of) its practitioners. The article is based on more than 20 oral history interviews conducted with Austrians who lived as development workers in Africa and Latin America between the early 1960s and the late 1970s. The analysis of these interviews sheds some light on the early decades of the Austrian development assistance, both at the personal (motivation, identity) and the institutional level. The article aims to both reconstruct the histories of this heterogeneous group of professionals (teachers, engineers, social workers, and others) and to analyse the ways the interviewees memorise this important part of their biographies, including the self-images they create and the verdicts they arrive at on this particular period of their lives. Adapted from the source document.

After the Austrian Civil War of February 1934, historical accounts produced by the victors and the defeated agreed relatively quickly at least on one point: that the ghting had been a purely male a air, with women either absent altogether from the con ict or reduced to the role of passive victims. is assumption has been also widely shared by academics. Against this background, the article aims to reconstruct the "female" February 1934. It explores a broad variety of actions undertaken by women including lo­ gistics, communication, reconnaissance and even military combat. Additionally, it highlights how women were of tremendous importance psycholo­ gically. e obvious relevance of women in any military confrontation with state forces poses the question why most of the activities of women during the February ghting were spontaneous and unplanned. Here, the article ar­ gues that military strategists' decision not to incorporate women into milita­ ry planning was the result not only of patriarchical preconceptions but also of a strategic judgement. A er the clashes of July 1927, the leaders of the So­ cial Democratic Schutzbund forces realigned the organization towards ex­ panding the number of its followers and providing a sphere of activity for radical elements: its potential role as an actual militia, meanwhile, was quiet­ly discounted. ; After the Austrian Civil War of February 1934, historical accounts produced by the victors and the defeated agreed relatively quickly at least on one point: that the ghting had been a purely male a air, with women either absent altogether from the con ict or reduced to the role of passive victims. is assumption has been also widely shared by academics. Against this background, the article aims to reconstruct the "female" February 1934. It explores a broad variety of actions undertaken by women including lo­ gistics, communication, reconnaissance and even military combat. Additionally, it highlights how women were of tremendous importance psycholo­ gically. e obvious relevance of women in any military confrontation with state forces poses the question why most of the activities of women during the February ghting were spontaneous and unplanned. Here, the article ar­ gues that military strategists' decision not to incorporate women into milita­ ry planning was the result not only of patriarchical preconceptions but also of a strategic judgement. A er the clashes of July 1927, the leaders of the So­ cial Democratic Schutzbund forces realigned the organization towards ex­ panding the number of its followers and providing a sphere of activity for radical elements: its potential role as an actual militia, meanwhile, was quiet­ly discounted.

When Austrian women were enfranchised in the context of the founding of the First Austrian Republic at the end of World War I, the women's movement was faced with the problem of how to enter politics in a responsible way. While the scarcity of primary sources proves an obstacle in outlining this history in detail, this article nevertheless illustrates the main challenges facing members of the women's movement in their attempts to find a place in political life. These included the political fragmentation and relative insignificance of the democratic liberal political camp and its concentration in Vienna, which induced women in the provinces to turn to the German nationalists instead. Faced with an aversion to "too much politics", the women's movement tried to provide a political alternative in the late 1920s by founding a Women's Party. However, because it was unable to succeed amidst the political strife of the early 1930s, the women's movement opted for Dollfuß' authoritarian regime in 1933/34. It thus supported Austria's de-democratization and ultimately deprived itself of any meaningful political influence. ; When Austrian women were enfranchised in the context of the founding of the First Austrian Republic at the end of World War I, the women's movement was faced with the problem of how to enter politics in a responsible way. While the scarcity of primary sources proves an obstacle in outlining this history in detail, this article nevertheless illustrates the main challenges facing members of the women's movement in their attempts to find a place in political life. These included the political fragmentation and relative insignificance of the democratic liberal political camp and its concentration in Vienna, which induced women in the provinces to turn to the German nationalists instead. Faced with an aversion to "too much politics", the women's movement tried to provide a political alternative in the late 1920s by founding a Women's Party. However, because it was unable to succeed amidst the political strife of the early 1930s, the women's movement opted for Dollfuß' authoritarian regime in 1933/34. It thus supported Austria's de-democratization and ultimately deprived itself of any meaningful political influence.

The volume assembles the papers presented at an interdisciplinary symposium organized by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in March 2000. Various conceptions of Austrian identity emerging in the course of Austria's multi-faceted political and cultural history from the 19th century to the present are analyzed for their ideological intentions. In the process, the fissures, contradictions, and myths marking Austrian history and civilization stand revealed. In counterpoint, a number of articles describe the heterogeneous and multifarious models and constructions of Jewish identity elaborated in response to the rival pulls of emancipation and assimilation, Zionism and anti-Semitism, modernity and exile.

In 1847, the Austrian painter Leopold Kupelwieser (1796-1862) was commissioned to execute a fresco cycle in the Ceremonial Hall of the Niederösterreichische Statthalterei (Lower Austrian Government Building, Vienna), depicting scenes from Austrian history. Iconographic aspects of each painting, using pictorial and literary sources as well as pointing out biographical connections and artistic forebears and influences, are being discussed. The complex interplay between art technology and conceptual statements manifests itself particularly articulate in the focal point of cartoon and fresco; accordingly, this study approaches Kupelwiesers work through the description of the materials he used and the way he processed them.

The first volume of the University of Vienna Matriculation Book of the Faculty of Law includes the period from 1402 to 1442. It represents the oldest record of the history of scholarly lawyers in the German language area, and is a first-class source for studies of the history of persons and the institution of the Faculty of Law, as well as the social history of late medieval scholarly world. The register book ("album") of the Faculty of Law contains not only the registration at entry, but also the date of graduation. Therefore one can determine the duration of studies in each case, and the most important data on the curriculum of enrolled students are preserved. In addition, the book contains information on the regional and social origins of university students and on the level of their respective matriculation fees. Apart from the critical edition of the matriculation text, the volume also includes a list of deans . Moreover it is accompanied by indices of persons and places, as well as information about contemporary sources on the University of Vienna. - Der erste Band der Matrikel der Wiener Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät erschließt den Zeitabschnitt von 1402 bis 1442. Es ist die älteste Quelle zur Geschichte der Rechtsgelehrten im deutschsprachigen Raum und repräsentiert eine erstklassige Grundlage für die Erforschung der Personengeschichte und der Institutionengeschichte der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät, wie auch der Sozialgeschichte der spätmittelalterlichen Gelehrtenwelt. Das Matrikelbuch ("Album") der Juridischen Fakultät enthält nicht nur die Daten der Immatrikulation, sondern auch die Graduierungsdaten. Daher kann man in jedem Fall die Studiendauer sowie die wesentlichsten Daten zum Studium der inskribierten Studierenden feststellen. Darüber hinaus enthält das Matrikelbuch Informationen über die regionale und soziale Herkunft der Universitätsmitglieder sowie auch die jeweilige Höhe der sozial differenzierten Matrikeltaxen. Der Edition ist eine Namensliste der amtierenden Dekane sowie ein Namens- und ein Ortsregister und Informationen zu zeitgenössischen Quellen der Universität Wien beigegeben.

1847 wurde der niederösterreichische Künstler Leopold Kupelwieser (1796-1862) damit beauftragt, den großen Sitzungssaal im neuen Gebäude der nö. Statthalterei mit einem Freskenzyklus zur Österreichischen Geschichte auszuschmücken. Die vorliegende Arbeit beinhaltet eine Darstellung der Genese des Bildprogramms und eine ikonographische Analyse der einzelnen Bildgegenstände sowie die Deutung des Gesamtkonzepts. Da sich gerade an den Brennpunkten Karton und Freskotechnik die komplexen wechselseitigen Bedingungen von künstlerischer Technik und inhaltlicher Aussage manifestieren, wird auch über eine Beschreibung der Materialien und ihrer Art der Verarbeitung und Verwendung ein Zugang zu Kupelwiesers Werk gesucht. ; In 1847, the Austrian painter Leopold Kupelwieser (1796-1862) was commissioned to execute a fresco cycle in the Ceremonial Hall of the Niederösterreichische Statthalterei (Lower Austrian Government Building, Vienna), depicting scenes from Austrian history. Iconographic aspects of each painting, using pictorial and literary sources as well as pointing out biographical connections and artistic forebears and influences, are being discussed. The complex interplay between art technology and conceptual statements manifests itself particularly articulate in the focal point of cartoon and fresco; accordingly, this study approaches Kupelwiesers work through the description of the materials he used and the way he processed them.

biografiA gives on the basis of selected 6.367 biographies an overview over many centuries of austrian female history and various insights into the cultural and social contexts of the concerned eras both for experts and the interested public. - biografiA gibt auf der Basis von 6.367 Biografien einen Überblick über viele Jahrhunderte der österreichischen Frauengeschichte und gewährt vielfältige Einblicke in die kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhänge der jeweiligen Epoche.

US-amerikanische philanthropische Stiftungen, wie die Rockefeller Foundation (RF) finanzierten in der Zwischenkriegszeit in Europa verschiedene Forschungsvorhaben, darunter auch einige österreichische. Im Jahre 1938 wurden diese Förderungen zwar eingestellt, aber noch vor Kriegsende 1945 begann die RF zu überlegen, ob sie ihre Aktivitäten wieder aufnehmen sollte und wie sie diese Politik angesichts der veränderten Bedingungen gestalten könnte. Sie entsandte dazu Kundschafter nach Europa, deren unveröffentlichte Berichte ein bisher unbekanntes Bild der Lage der Wissenschaften im Nachkriegsösterreich vermitteln. Die Abgesandten schrieben lange Berichte und detaillierte Tagebuchaufzeichnungen über ihre Erfahrungen, die später im Rockefeller Archive Center in New York aufbewahrt wurden. Die Berichte über die Situation im befreiten Österreich, über die Universitäten, die Stimmungslage in den Fakultäten und die bestehenden Forschungskapazitäten zeichnen ein weitgehend zutreffendes Bild über Österreichs akademische Welt in den frühen Jahren der Zweiten Republik. Sie zeigen zudem, dass die Chance einer Erneuerung des österreichischen Wissenschaftssystems in den ersten Nachkriegsjahren verspielt wurde, weil die offizielle Hochschulpolitik eher an Nepotismus als an Wissenschaft interessiert war. (ICI2)

The book gathers 14 articles on the reforms of the Austrian University system from 1848 to 1860 named after Leo Thun Hohenstein. The reforms mark a turning point in the history of the Austrian educational landscape. The book provides new perspectives on the work of Leo Thun-Hohenstein, using to date unknown sources and new approaches. - Der Band untersucht in 14 Aufsätzen die Planung, Umsetzung und Rezeption der Thun-Hohenstein'schen Universitätsreformen in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Die Reformen legten den Grundstein für einen wissenschaftlichen Aufschwung der damaligen österreichischen Universitäten. Der Band untersucht die Reform anhand neuer Quellen und bietet neue Perspektiven auf die Reform.