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The Societal Effects of the Eighteenth- Century Shipworm Epidemic in the Austrian Netherlands (c. 1730-1760)
In: Journal for the history of environment and society, Band 6, S. 95-127
ISSN: 2506-6749
Histoires des populismes
In: Studia politica: Romanian political science review ; revista română de ştiinţă politică, Band 17, Heft 4, S. 481-490
This introductory article presents a short overview of the evolution of populism since the late-19th century forms to the most recent Western European formulas. Starting from a short conceptual inquiry, the article provides a precise analytical picture of the different changes in the form and content of populism across time and space. Previously connected with radical right formulas, the article illustrates how different new populist parties have partly embraced a left-wing program such as in the case of Podemos in Spain or La France insoumise in the French case. The last part of the article provides possible scenarios for the future. In particular, despite the recent evolutions in the Austrian, Dutch and French elections, the analysis stresses the fact that the populist mood has progressively influenced traditional politics (i.e. the topic of immigration, the search of charismatic figures, the questioning of representative democracy). The article concludes with an open question about the future of a populist from below.
Autriche : une fonction publique politisée en perte d'influence
In: Revue française d'administration publique, Band 86, Heft 1, S. 195-204
Austria : a Politicised Civil Service Losing its Influence.
The Austrian civil service presents several distinctive features which are rarely found in other countries. Austrian history demonstrates that, for a long time, a close relationship has been maintained between the civil service and politics. Study of this relationship reveals to what extent civil servants' membership of a political party could influence their career. It leads in particular to the question of whether or not political affiliation limits civil servants' freedom of action.
Legal Regulations regarding Family in the Austrian and Hungarian Legislation in the Second Half of the 19th Century
In: Politici imperiale în estul şi vestul spaţiului românesc, S. 297-306
More often than not, the State did not acknowledge the matrimonial norms as settled by the Church. This relation seems to have altered towards the end of the 19th century, when the State succeeded in imposing on the Church the respect for the general civil framework. Yet, the change was not radical. The Church and the State were still pretty connected. The State acknowledged the Church's right to be in charge with officiating marriages, with bed and home separation according to the requirements of each confession. However, the State had the right to supervise the civil and military status, the relationship between the spouses, legacy, legal guardianship, the issue of supporting children and spouses and many others. The Church admitted the involvement of the State in major demographic issues in an individual's life.
As time went by, the State became more and more complex while its legislation became ever more "lay". It is true that willy-nilly lay legislation borrowed norms and regulations belonging to Church's legislation. The frail State – Church dualism on family law was influenced by lay laws enforcing the lay legitimacy of important moments in man's life. Matrimonial laws as set out in 1894 were the most complex laws in the 19th century. Due to their clarity, they managed to put an end to misunderstandings between lay and Church authorities. Moreover, the matrimonial issues between different confessions were in favour of the State. Civil law very clearly favoured family and children's interests. They were all conceived to better supervise individual's education in a moral family where the Church would still have an influence.
Der griechisch-orientalische Religionsfonds der Bukowina 1783-1949 : Kontinuitäten und Brüche einer prägenden Institution des Josephinismus
In: https://e-book.fwf.ac.at/o:1428
Im Zuge der Josephinischen Reformen kam es im gesamten habsburgischen Herrschaftsbereich zur Umgestaltung kirchlichen Eigentums. Entsprechend wurde bereits 1783 ein dezidiert der Bukowina zugeordneter griechisch-orientalischer Religionsfonds eingerichtet. Über seine wachsende wirtschaftliche und politische Bedeutung entwickelte sich diese Institution bis zu ihrer Auflösung 1949 zu einem die Region maßgeblich prägenden Faktor. ; A comprehensive secularisation process in the course of the Josephinian reforms led to a complete restructuring of church assets. As early as 1783 a Greek-Oriental Religious Fund attributed to the Bukovina was established. Its growing economic and political role made this institution a major factor in the development of the region. It kept this important position until its eventual dissolution in the course of socialist restructuring of Romania in 1949.
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L'Autriche: une nation chimérique: XVIIIe - XXe siècles
In: Archéologie de la modernité
Navigating in revolutionary times: Chevalier de L'Espine (1759-1826) from the American Independence into the service of Austria. A destiny through the prism of Maritime archaeology and History. ; Naviguer en temps de Révolution : le Chevalier de L'Espine (1759-1826), de l'Indépendance américaine au ...
At the very beginning of the 21st century, a team of archaeologists dived on the wreck of a small 18th century warship in the north of the current Dominican Republic. Its hull is of American manufacture, its guns are Scottish and the buttons of uniforms are French. After having followed some false leads, the research in the National Archives makes it possible to solve this enigma: it concerns the French corvette Dragon of Chevalier de L'Espine, destroyed in January 1783 after a short action against British vessels ensuring the northern blockade of Santo Domingo. This identification serves as a catalyst for a historical research of which Chevalier Joseph de L'Espine du Puy (1759-1826) constitutes the central character. The investigation reveals the fate of the Navy officer L'Espine upstream and downstream of his gallant action in January 1783. Young Knight of Malta and officer of the Navy of Louis XVI, L'Espine participated in the American Revolution, did a mandatory service in the Navy of Malta, and took part in French naval intelligence secret missions. The French Revolution ruined his hopes and forced him into exile. In Austria, he won the confidence of the high Austrian authorities by unambiguously engaging with the armies of France from 1795. L'Espine quickly became one of the brains of an Austrian Navy questioned at each treaty signed between France and Austria. Promoted to Feldmarschall-Leutnant in 1813, L'Espine decided not to return to France at the Restauration. Appointed Governor of Milan in November 1825, he died there on December 31, 1826. ; Au tout début du XXIe siècle, une équipe d'archéologues plonge sur l'épave d'un petit navire de guerre du XVIIIe siècle, au nord de l'actuelle République Dominicaine. Sa coque est de fabrication américaine, ses canons sont écossais et les boutons d'uniformes sont français. Après avoir suivi quelques fausses pistes, la recherche aux Archives nationales permet de résoudre l'énigme : il s'agit de la corvette française Dragon du chevalier de l'Espine, détruite en ...
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Être autrichien: la problématique de la faute chez les écrivains autrichiens du début du siècle
In: Publications universitaires européennes
Navigating in revolutionary times: Chevalier de L'Espine (1759-1826) from the American Independence into the service of Austria. A destiny through the prism of Maritime archaeology and History. ; Naviguer en temps de Révolution : le Chevalier de L'Espine (1759-1826), de l'Indépendance américaine au ...
At the very beginning of the 21st century, a team of archaeologists dived on the wreck of a small 18th century warship in the north of the current Dominican Republic. Its hull is of American manufacture, its guns are Scottish and the buttons of uniforms are French. After having followed some false leads, the research in the National Archives makes it possible to solve this enigma: it concerns the French corvette Dragon of Chevalier de L'Espine, destroyed in January 1783 after a short action against British vessels ensuring the northern blockade of Santo Domingo. This identification serves as a catalyst for a historical research of which Chevalier Joseph de L'Espine du Puy (1759-1826) constitutes the central character. The investigation reveals the fate of the Navy officer L'Espine upstream and downstream of his gallant action in January 1783. Young Knight of Malta and officer of the Navy of Louis XVI, L'Espine participated in the American Revolution, did a mandatory service in the Navy of Malta, and took part in French naval intelligence secret missions. The French Revolution ruined his hopes and forced him into exile. In Austria, he won the confidence of the high Austrian authorities by unambiguously engaging with the armies of France from 1795. L'Espine quickly became one of the brains of an Austrian Navy questioned at each treaty signed between France and Austria. Promoted to Feldmarschall-Leutnant in 1813, L'Espine decided not to return to France at the Restauration. Appointed Governor of Milan in November 1825, he died there on December 31, 1826. ; Au tout début du XXIe siècle, une équipe d'archéologues plonge sur l'épave d'un petit navire de guerre du XVIIIe siècle, au nord de l'actuelle République Dominicaine. Sa coque est de fabrication américaine, ses canons sont écossais et les boutons d'uniformes sont français. Après avoir suivi quelques fausses pistes, la recherche aux Archives nationales permet de résoudre l'énigme : il s'agit de la corvette française Dragon du chevalier de l'Espine, détruite en janvier 1783 à l'issue d'un court combat contre des vaisseaux britanniques assurant le blocus nord de Saint-Domingue. Cette identification sert de catalyseur à une recherche historique dont le chevalier Joseph de L'Espine du Puy (1759-1826) constitue le personnage central. L'enquête révèle le destin de l'officier de la Marine L'Espine, en amont puis en aval de son fait d'armes de janvier 1783. Jeune chevalier de Malte et officier de la Marine de Louis XVI, L'Espine participe à la guerre de l'Indépendance américaine, effectue un passage obligé dans la Marine de Malte, et participe à des missions secrètes françaises de renseignement naval. La Révolution française vient briser ses espérances et l'oblige à l'exil. En Autriche, il gagne la confiance des hautes autorités autrichiennes en s'engageant sans ambiguïté contre les armées de la France à partir de 1795. L'Espine devient rapidement l'un des cerveaux d'une Marine de guerre autrichienne remise en question à chaque traité signé entre la France et l'Autriche. Promu Feldmarschall-Leutnant en 1813, L'Espine décide de ne pas rentrer en France à la Restauration. Nommé Gouverneur de Milan en novembre 1825, il y meurt le 31 décembre 1826.
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Bringing chaos into the representation of history. Literature as the memory of political violence (Austria, USA, France, Italy, Chili - 1980-2015) ; Introduire le chaos dans la représentation de l'Histoire. La littérature comme mémoire des violences politiques (Autriche, Etats-Unis, France, Italie, ...
In fragment 143 of Minima Moralia, Adorno writes: « The task of art today is to bring chaos into order. » (« Aufgabe von Kunst heute ist es, Chaos in die Ordnung zu bringen »). If the representation in the Aristotelian sense of the term is to be understood as an attempt to put reality in order, then the program of Adorno is to be understood as an attempt to « find a way out of the Aristotelian space ». As soon as the chaos is introduced into fiction, the discourse is no longer organized according to a telos and this point is related to a refusal of causality in fiction. Chaos (or to bring chaos into art) is then made the image of the cataclysms of the 20th century: the work of art takes the form of what it tries to save the memory. Therefore, Adorno's project can be linked to the fictionalization of history. If the ordering aims toward a form of unity, it formally consists in an erasure of the difference which could go as far as an erasure of the conflicts. To preserve the memory of political violence, the chosen form must consist in a refusal of a hypostasis of identity (of the Same) in order to open up to the Other. According to Adorno's formula, "bringing chaos" into art is a way of including the tears caused by the political violence of the 20th century. Through a series of texts by Austrian (Thomas Bernhard, Elfriede Jelinek), Chilean (Roberto Bolaño), French (Mathieu Riboulet, Leslie Kaplan, Alban Lefranc), American (Philip Roth, Don DeLillo) and Italian (Giorgio Vasta) writers, we wanted to build a thought of the representation of political violence. ; Dans le fragment 143 de Minima Moralia, Adorno écrit : « La mission actuelle de l'art est d'introduire le chaos dans l'ordre » (« Aufgabe von Kunst heute ist es, Chaos in die Ordnung zu bringen »). Si la représentation au sens aristotélicien du terme est à entendre en tant que mise en ordre du réel, alors le programme d'Adorno est à entendre comme une tentative de « [s]ortir de l'espace aristotélicien ». Dès lors que le chaos est introduit dans la fiction, ...
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Catherine the Great in the writings of Charles-Joseph Lamoral, 7th Prince de Ligne ; Cathérine Le Grand dans les écrits de Charles-Joseph de Ligne
Charles-Joseph de Ligne (1735-1814), a Wallon and European Prince, subject of the Austro-Hungary Empire, a heartbreaker of the French Europe, is considered the most famous representative of literary cosmopolitanism. War, love and writing were inseparable in his life. He took part in numerous military campaigns, serving both Austria and Russia, as a Russian colonel, a commander of the order of Maria Theresa, and an Austrian fi eld marshal. He authored various texts related to war; he admired heroism of Charles II, Conde, the tactics of Frederick II, the strategies of Napoleon, Catherine II. The latter was immportalized in de Ligne's various texts representing different literary genres. The Prince was clearly fascinated by the Empress, and he depicted her in a positive light as an educated person, both agreable and determined. Can we, however, talk about the documentary character of his work ? Instead, the Prince seems to be a documentalist-interpreter. ; Charles-Joseph de Ligne (1735-1814), a Wallon and European Prince, subject of the Austro-Hungary Empire, a heartbreaker of the French Europe, is considered the most famous representative of literary cosmopolitanism. War, love and writing were inseparable in his life. He took part in numerous military campaigns, serving both Austria and Russia, as a Russian colonel, a commander of the order of Maria Theresa, and an Austrian field marshal. He authored various texts related to war; he admired heroism of Charles II, Conde, the tactics of Frederick II, the strategies of Napoleon, Catherine II. The latter was immortalized in de Ligne's various texts representing different literary genres. The Prince was clearly fascinated by the Empress, and he depicted her in a positive light as an educated person, both agreable and determined. Can we, however, talk about the documentary character of his work ? Instead, the Prince seems to be a documentalist-interpreter.
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De l'influence de la puissance navale… sur le cours de la guerre en Italie ; De l'influence de la puissance navale… sur le cours de la guerre en Italie: La Royal Navy en Méditerranée, 1742-1748
International audience ; From 1742 until the end of the War of the Austrian Succession, Britain maintained very significant naval forces in the Mediterranean, which demonstrated the support given by George II to Maria Theresa of Austria to defend her possessions in Italy. British intervention in the Mediterranean therefore questions the ability of an 18th century navy (even the most powerful of the time) to influence the course of a continental war, fought on Mediterranean battlefields but nevertheless on land. This paper gives the rough outline of a global assessment of this naval intervention, which has still not found its historian, although it is one of the longest and most massive in the history of the Royal Navy. What was expected in London by deploying such forces in the region? have its objectives been achieved? and at what cost? To answer these questions, the following points are successively studied: 1. the strategic context in which the intervention took place; 2. the logistical difficulties which the Navy had to face to operate in the Mediterranean; 3. the use of naval force in support of allied land armies. ; À compter de 1742, la Grande-Bretagne a maintenu de puissantes forces navales en Méditerranée pendant toute la guerre de Succession d'Autriche. En principe, ce déploiement de forces devait manifester, avec force, le soutien accordé par Georges II à Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche pour la défense de ses possessions en Italie. L'intervention en Méditerranée pose donc une question : celle de la capacité d'une marine, si puissante soit-elle à influer sur le cours d'une guerre terrestre, livrée sur des champs de bataille certes méditerranéens, mais qui n'ont bien souvent rien de maritime. Cette contribution constitue l'esquisse d'un bilan global de cette intervention qui n'a toujours pas trouvé, en tant que telle, son historien, alors qu'il s'agit de l'une des plus longues et, toutes proportions gardées, des plus massives de toute l'histoire de la Royal Navy. Qu'espérait-on à Londres en déployant de ...
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