Suchergebnisse

The Republic of Austria emerged as one of the new states from the rubble of the Habsburg Empire after the First World War. Delegates from German-speaking provinces of the former Empire gathered in Vienna in October 1918 to discuss statehood. Whilst early debates focused on "German Austria" as a nation in its own right, the idea of an "Anschluss" with Germany gained ground, and soon became the prevailing political concept. Nonetheless, the State Treaty of St. Germain (1919) prohibited Austria any political association with Germany, which forced Austrians to discourse about national identity, a struggle that lasted until well after the Second World War and is still ongoing in the Austrian political far-right. Against this backdrop, Austrians embarked on an epic debate about a "national" museum as early as 1919.Recent Austrian history has since seen numerous debates about the appropriate way of visually representing national identity. Contentious issues include(d) inter alia the home-grown Austrian variation of Fascism 1934–1938, involvement in Nazi crimes, the lenient post-war treatment of Nazi perpetrators, issues pertaining to ethnic minorities, and questions of compensation and restitution for victims of National Socialism. Exactly 99 years after the idea of a "History Chamber" surfaced, the first national museum covering contemporary Austrian history opened in November 2018.Regrettably, the debate restarted just a few days ahead of the grand opening at a hastily arranged press conference, in which the Minister of Culture outlined a new concept for the museum. Claudia Leeb (Washington State University) explains these ongoing heated debates about the museum with defense mechanisms pertaining to Austria's Nazi-past, resulting in the continuing inability of contemporary Austrian society to live up to guilt and to come to terms with its past. One of the major "defense fighters" is the Freedom Party (FPO), a right-wing populist party that briefly joined the Austrian government in 2017–2018 and strictly opposes taking any responsibility for Austria's Nazi past.This paper addresses Austria's 'coming to terms with her past' in the wake of the rise of populist nationalism and examines the possible future of the Austrian culture of remembrance, particularly with regard to the fledgling Museum of Contemporary Austrian History.

Writing biographies for a long time had been a male hegemonic project. Ever since Plutarch and Sueton composed their vitae of the greats of classical antiquity, to the medieval obsession with the hagiographies of holy men (and a few women) and saints, Vasari's lives of great Renaissance artists, down to the French encyclopedists, Dr. Johnson and Lytton Strachey, as well as Ranke and Droysen the genre of biographical writing has become increasingly more refined. In the twentieth century male predominance has become contested and the (collective) lives of women, minorities and ordinary people are now the focus of biographical writing. This volume of Contemporary Austrian Studies offers a cross-section of Austrian lives and biographical approaches to recent Austrian history. Here are what may be called traditional biographies of leading political figures through the twentieth century. We also suggest that the intellectual biographies of thinkers and professionals are fertile soil for biographical study. Moreover, the prosopographical study of common folks in the Austrian population lifts these lives from the dark matter of anonymous masses and gives rich insight into the lives that ordinary Austrians have been leading. We present an array of political lives, including that of Ignaz Seipel and Therese Schlesinger-Eckstein, as well as "Lives of the Mind" which capture the lives of fascinating intellectual figures in pre- and post-World War II Vienna such as Viktor Frankl and Eugenie Schwarzwald. The approaches to writing biography taken in this volume also suggest that much work needs to be done to shed light on the lives of ordinary Austrians. In this volume we have biographical accounts detailing the lives of soldiers, prisoners of war, and farming families. The writing of lives is always situated between fact and fiction, ascertainable data and the imagination of the biographer. This volume of Austrian Lives offers an intimate look into the lives of intriguing individuals while illuminating the touching lives of ordinary Austrians in wartime Vienna. Authors: Bernhard Fetz, John Deak, Ernst Hanisch, Gabriella Hauch, Philipp Strobl, Johannes Koll, Elisabeth Röhrlich, Martin Eichtinger, Helmuth Wohnout, Deborah Holmes, Jason Dawsey, Timothy Pytell, Stefan Maurer, Wolfram Dornik, Wilfried Garscha, Günter Bischof, Barbara Stelz-Marx, Hans Petschar, Herbert Friedlmeier, Ernst Langthaler, Oliver Rathkolb, Peter Berger, Alexander Lassner, Gerald Steinacher, Berthold Molden, Maria-Regina Kecht, Thomas Nowotny, Reinhold Gärtner

Leading scholars consider Austrian economics from several perspectives such as characteristic themes of entrepreneurship and uncertainty, scientific methods such as mathematical complexity theory and experimental economics, and historical contexts such as pre-war Vienna and post-war France. Placing "Austrian economics" in these multiple contexts helps to reveal the rich texture of the Austrian tradition in social thought and its multiple connections to current research in diverse fields. Applications to the theory of the trade cycle and to foreign intervention suggest that the Austrian tradition contains possibilities not yet full explored and exploited. The volume gathers together papers presented at the second biennial Wirth conference on Austrian economics, held in October 2008 when the crisis of Fall 2008 was still new and shocking. This coincidence of timing makes policy issues and crisis management a kind of leitmotif of the volume. If, as keynote speaker David Colander argues, Austrians have a comparative advantage in political economy, then its stock should rise in times of crisis and political uncertainty. The volume provides evidence in favor of this view. Contributors include David Colander, Richard Wagner, Jeffery McMullen, J. Barkley Rosser, Jr., Steve Horwitz, Richard Ebeling, Chris Coyne, and Peter Boettke.

This article presents the results of an analysis of different sources concerned with the workers' revolt of July 15, 1927 (also known as the Vienna Palace of Justice fire). The author pays special attention to the socio-historical and source-critical evaluation of more than 100 photographs illustrating this fire on July 15, 1927 by using the shadows on buildings in order to establish an exact dating of the documented acts of violence. This "shadow method" he developed himself allows to clarify the motivations and social composition of the protesters and reveal the role of the police in escalating the violence. He is able to establish an exact chronology of the events and an explanation of the social dynamics leading to a death toll of 85 demonstrators and 4 police men. ; Überarbeitete Fassung 2015 von: Botz, Gerhard. 2008. Zeitgeschichte in einer politisierten Geschichtskultur. Historiographie zum 20. Jahrhundert in Österreich. In Geschichtswissenschaft vor 2000. Perspektiven der Historiographiegeschichte, Geschichtstheorie, Sozial- und Kulturgeschichte. Festschrift für Georg G. Iggers zum 65. Geburtstag, hg. v. Konrad H. Jarausch, Jörn Rüsen und Hans Schleier, 299-328. Hagen ; Revised Version of 2015, from: Botz, Gerhard. 2008. Ungerechtigkeit, die Demonstranten, Zufall und die Polizei: der 15. Juli 1927. Bildanalysen zu einem Wendepunkt in der Geschichte Österreichs. In 80 Jahre Justizpalastbrand. Recht und gesellschaftliche Konflikte, ed. Bundesministerium für Justiz, Ludwig Boltzmann-Institut für Geschichte und Gesellschaft, Cluster Geschichte Wien: 21-57, Innsbruck: Studienverlag

Leading scholars consider Austrian economics from several perspectives such as characteristic themes of entrepreneurship and uncertainty, scientific methods such as mathematical complexity theory and experimental economics, and historical contexts such as pre-war Vienna and post-war France. Placing "Austrian economics" in these multiple contexts helps to reveal the rich texture of the Austrian tradition in social thought and its multiple connections to current research in diverse fields. Applications to the theory of the trade cycle and to foreign intervention suggest that the Austrian tradition contains possibilities not yet full explored and exploited. The volume gathers together papers presented at the second biennial Wirth conference on Austrian economics, held in October 2008 when the crisis of Fall 2008 was still new and shocking. This coincidence of timing makes policy issues and crisis management a kind of leitmotif of the volume. If, as keynote speaker David Colander argues, Austrians have a comparative advantage in political economy, then its stock should rise in times of crisis and political uncertainty. The volume provides evidence in favor of this view. Contributors include David Colander, Richard Wagner, Jeffery McMullen, J. Barkley Rosser, Jr., Steve Horwitz, Richard Ebeling, Chris Coyne, and Peter Boettke.

Writing biographies for a long time had been a male hegemonic project. Ever since Plutarch and Sueton composed their vitae of the greats of classical antiquity, to the medieval obsession with the hagiographies of holy men (and a few women) and saints, Vasari's lives of great Renaissance artists, down to the French encyclopedists, Dr. Johnson and Lytton Strachey, as well as Ranke and Droysen the genre of biographical writing has become increasingly more refined. In the twentieth century male predominance has become contested and the (collective) lives of women, minorities and ordinary people are now the focus of biographical writing. This volume of Contemporary Austrian Studies offers a cross-section of Austrian lives and biographical approaches to recent Austrian history. Here are what may be called traditional biographies of leading political figures through the twentieth century. We also suggest that the intellectual biographies of thinkers and professionals are fertile soil for biographical study. Moreover, the prosopographical study of common folks in the Austrian population lifts these lives from the dark matter of anonymous masses and gives rich insight into the lives that ordinary Austrians have been leading. We present an array of political lives, including that of Ignaz Seipel and Therese Schlesinger-Eckstein, as well as "Lives of the Mind" which capture the lives of fascinating intellectual figures in pre- and post-World War II Vienna such as Viktor Frankl and Eugenie Schwarzwald. The approaches to writing biography taken in this volume also suggest that much work needs to be done to shed light on the lives of ordinary Austrians. In this volume we have biographical accounts detailing the lives of soldiers, prisoners of war, and farming families. The writing of lives is always situated between fact and fiction, ascertainable data and the imagination of the biographer. This volume of Austrian Lives offers an intimate look into the lives of intriguing individuals while illuminating the touching lives of ordinary Austrians in wartime Vienna. Authors: Bernhard Fetz, John Deak, Ernst Hanisch, Gabriella Hauch, Philipp Strobl, Johannes Koll, Elisabeth Röhrlich, Martin Eichtinger, Helmuth Wohnout, Deborah Holmes, Jason Dawsey, Timothy Pytell, Stefan Maurer, Wolfram Dornik, Wilfried Garscha, Günter Bischof, Barbara Stelz-Marx, Hans Petschar, Herbert Friedlmeier, Ernst Langthaler, Oliver Rathkolb, Peter Berger, Alexander Lassner, Gerald Steinacher, Berthold Molden, Maria-Regina Kecht, Thomas Nowotny, Reinhold Gärtner

Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. 'Red Vienna' and the roots of Austro-marxism -- 3. The young Rudolf Hilferding -- 4. Otto Bauer 1904-1914 -- 5. The economics of socialism -- 6. Otto Bauer 1917-1938 -- 7. Other voices -- 8. The heirs. I: Josef Steindl -- 9. The heirs. Ii: Kurt Rothschild -- 10. What is left -- Bibliography -- Index.

AN AUTHORITARIANISM STUDY CARRIED OUT AMONG AUSTRIAN ADOLESCENTS IN 1980 IS ANALYZED IN COMPARISON WITH SIMILAR STUDIES MADE IN WEST GERMANY AND IN THE UNITED STATES TO SEE WHETHER VOTING BEHAVIOR IN THE WALDHEIM ELECTION 6 YEARS LATER WAS FORESHADOWED. OTHER SURVEYS OF ANTI-SEMITISM AND ETHNOCENTRISM IN AUSTRIA ARE EXAMINED AND FOUND TO DISCLOSE SIMILAR PATTERNS. SPECIFIC EVENTS IN AUSTRIAN HISTORY ARE BRIEFLY REVIEWED TO UNDERSTAND THE ATTITUDES OF YOUNG AUSTRIANS.